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  • 1
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    Seawater carbonate chemistry and chemical composition and functional properties of Ulva rigida (2018)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Gao, Guang; Clare, Anthony S; Chatzidimitriou, Eleni; Rose, Craig; Caldwell, Gary S (2018): Effects of ocean warming and acidification, combined with nutrient enrichment, on chemical composition and functional properties of Ulva rigida. Food Chemistry, 258, 71-78, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.03.040
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-15
    Description: Ulva is increasingly viewed as a food source in the world. Here, Ulva rigida was cultured at two levels of temperature (14, 18°C), pH (7.95, 7.55, corresponding to low and high pCO2), and nitrate conditions (6 μmol L-1, 150 μmol L-1), to investigate the effects of ocean warming, acidification, and eutrophication on food quality of Ulva species. High temperature increased the content of each amino acid. High nitrate increased the content of all amino acid except aspartic acid and cysteine. High temperature, pCO2, and nitrate also increased content of most fatty acids. The combination of high temperature, pCO2, and nitrate increased the swelling capacity, water holding capacity, and oil holding capacity by 15.60%, 7.88%, and 16.32% respectively, compared to the control. It seems that future ocean environment would enhance the production of amino acid and fatty acid as well as the functional properties in Ulva species.
    Keywords: Alkalinity, total; Alkalinity, total, standard deviation; Amino acid, standard deviation; Amino acids; Aragonite saturation state; Benthos; Bicarbonate ion; Bicarbonate ion, standard deviation; Biomass/Abundance/Elemental composition; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (〈20 L); Calcite saturation state; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010); Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbon, inorganic, dissolved, standard deviation; Carbonate ion; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; Carbon dioxide, standard deviation; Chlorophyta; Coast and continental shelf; Cullercoats_beach; EXP; Experiment; Experiment duration; Fatty acids; Fatty acids, standard deviation; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Laboratory experiment; Macroalgae; Macro-nutrients; Name; North Atlantic; OA-ICC; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre; Oil holding capacity per dry mass; Oil holding capacity per dry mass, standard deviation; Other studied parameter or process; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide, standard deviation; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Percentage; Percentage, standard deviation; pH; pH, standard deviation; Plantae; Registration number of species; Salinity; Single species; Species; Swelling capacity per dry mass; Swelling capacity per dry mass, standard deviation; Temperate; Temperature; Temperature, water; Temperature, water, standard deviation; Treatment; Type; Ulva rigida; Uniform resource locator/link to reference; Water holding capacity; Water holding capacity, standard deviation
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 15280 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 2
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    Flatfish herding behavior in response to trawl sweeps: a comparison of diel responses to conventional sweeps and elevated sweeps (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/8753 | 403 | 2012-06-11 18:33:30 | 8753 | United States National Marine Fisheries Service
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-26
    Description: Commercial bottom trawls often have sweeps to herd fish intothe net. Elevation of the sweeps off the seaf loor may reduce seafloor disturbance, but also reduce herdingeffectiveness. In both field and laboratory experiments, we examined the behavior of flatfish in response to sweeps. We tested the hypotheses that 1) sweeps are more effective atherding flatfish during the day than at night, when fish are unable to see approaching gear, and that 2) elevationof sweeps off the seafloor reduces herding during the day, but not at night. In sea trials, day catches were greater than night catches for four out of six flatfish species examined. The elevation of sweeps 10 cm significantlydecreased catches during the day, but not at night. Laboratory experiments revealed northern rock sole (Lepidopsetta polyxystra) and Pacific halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis) were more likely to be herdedby the sweep in the light, whereas in the dark they tended to pass under or over the sweep. In the light, elevationof the sweep reduced herding, and more fish passed under the sweep. In contrast, in the dark, sweep elevationhad little effect upon the number of fish that exhibited herding behavior. The results of both field and laboratoryexperiments were consistent with the premise that vision is the principle sensory input that controls fish behavior and orientation to trawl gear, and gear performance will differbetween conditions where flatfish can see, in contrast to where they cannot see, the approaching gear.
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article , TRUE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 145-154
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  • 3
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    An assessment of discard mortality for two Alaskan crab species, Tanner crab (Chionoecetes bairdi) and snow crab (C. opilio), based on reflex impairment (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/8816 | 403 | 2012-06-12 17:56:00 | 8816 | United States National Marine Fisheries Service
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-28
    Description: Delayed mortality associated with discarded crabs andfishes has ordinarily been observed through tag and recovery studies or during prolonged holding in decktanks, and there is need for a more efficient assessment method. Chionoecetes bairdi (Tanner crab) and C. opilio (snow crab) collected with bottom trawls in Bering Sea waters off Alaska were evaluated for reflexes and injuries and held onboard to track mortality. Presence or absence of six reflex actions was determined and combined to calculate a reflex impairment index for each species. Logistic regression revealed that reflex impairment provided an excellent predictor of delayed mortality in C. opilio (91% correct predictions). For C. bairdi, reflex impairment, along with injury score, resulted in 82.7% correct predictions of mortality, and reflex impairment alone resulted in 79.5% correct predictions. The relationshipsbetween reflex impairment score and mortality were independent of crab gender, size, and shell condition, and predicted mortality in crabs with no obvious externaldamage. These relationships provide substantial improvement over earlier predictors of mortality and will help to increase the scope and replication of fishing and handling experiments. The general approach of using reflex actions to predict mortality should be equally valuable for a wide range of crustacean species.
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article , TRUE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 337-347
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  • 4
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    Quantification and reduction of unobserved mortality rates for snow, southern Tanner, and red king crabs (Chionoecetes opilio, C. bairdi, and Paralithodes camtschaticus) after encounters with trawls on the seafloor (2021)
    In:  craig.rose@noaa.gov | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/14493 | 403 | 2014-02-13 04:23:34 | 14493 | United States National Marine Fisheries Service
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-26
    Description: Unobserved mortalities of nontarget species are among the most troubling and difficult issues associated with fishing, especially when those species are targeted by other fisheries. Of such concern are mortalities of crab species of the Bering Sea, which are exposed to bottom trawling from groundfish fisheries. Uncertainty in the management of these fisheries has been exacerbated by unknown mortality rates for crabs struck by trawls. In this study, the mortality rates for 3 species of commercially important crabs—red king crab, (Paralithodes camtschaticus), snow crab (Chionoecetes opilio) and southern Tanner crab (C. bairdi)—that encounter different components of bottom trawls were estimated through capture of crabs behind the bottom trawl and by evaluation of immediate and delayed mortalities. We used a reflex action mortality predictor to predict delayed mortalities. Estimated mortality rates varied by species and by the part of the trawl gear encountered. Red king crab were more vulnerable than snow or southern Tanner crabs. Crabs were more likely to die after encountering the footrope than the sweeps of the trawl, and higher death rates were noted for the side sections of the footrope than for the center footrope section. Mortality rates were ≤16%, except for red king crab that passed under the trawl wings (32%). Herding devices (sweeps) can expand greatly the area of seafloor from which flatfishes are captured, and they subject crabs in that additional area to lower (4–9%) mortality rates. Raising sweep cables off of the seafloor reduced red king crab mortality rates from 10% to 4%.
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article , TRUE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 42-53
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  • 5
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    Government-Industry Cooperative Fisheries Research in the North Pacific under the MSFCMA (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/9761 | 403 | 2012-08-16 14:33:51 | 9761 | United States National Marine Fisheries Service
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: The National Marine Fisheries Service’s Alaska Fisheries Science Center (AFSC) has a long and successful history of conducting research in cooperation with the fishing industry. Many of the AFSC’s annual resource assessment surveys are carried out aboard chartered commercial vessels and the skill and experience of captains and crew are integral to the success of this work. Fishing companies have been contracted to provide vessels and expertise for many different types of research, including testing and evaluation of survey and commercial fishing gear and development of improved methods for estimating commercial catch quantity and composition. AFSC scientists have also participated in a number of industry-initiated research projects including development of selective fishing gears for bycatch reduction and evaluating and improving observer catch composition sampling. In this paper, we describe the legal and regulatory provisions for these types of cooperative work and present examples to illustrate the process and identify the requirements for successful cooperative research.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Management
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article , TRUE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 40-46
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  • 6
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    Effectiveness of a Rigid Grate for Excluding Pacific Halibut, Hippoglossus stenolepis, From Groundfish Trawl Catches (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/9781 | 403 | 2012-08-14 20:22:22 | 9781 | United States National Marine Fisheries Service
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: A rigid grate was installed in a groundfish trawl to test its effectiveness in excluding Pacific halibut, Hippoglossus stenolepis, from commercial flatfish catches in the Gulf of Alaska. The grate was located ahead of the trawl codend to direct halibut toward an escape opening while allowing target species to pass through toward the codend. In an experimental fishery, the escape rate of halibut was estimated at 94%, while 72% of the Dover sole, Microstomas pacificus, 67% of the rex sole, Glyptocephalus zachirus, and 79% of the flathead sole, Hippoglossoides elassodon, were retained.
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article , TRUE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 61-66
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  • 7
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    Injury Rates of Red King Crab, Paralithodes camtschaticus, Passing Under Bottom-trawl Footropes (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/9796 | 403 | 2014-01-02 19:42:55 | 9796 | United States National Marine Fisheries Service
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: The rate of injuries sustained by red king crab, Paralithodes camtschaticus, during passage under several types of bottom trawl footropes was examined using a modified bottom trawl in Bristol Bay, Alaska. Crabs were recaptured and examined for injuries after passing under each of three trawl footropes representing those commonly used in the bottom trawl fisheries of the eastern Bering Sea. Using the injury rate from tows with a floated footrope which minimized crab contact to account for handling injuries, injury rates of 5, 7, and 10% were estimated for crabs passing under the three commercial trawl footropes.
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article , TRUE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 72-76
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  • 8
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    Effective herding of flatfish by cables with minimal seafloor contact (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/8752 | 403 | 2012-06-11 18:33:38 | 8752 | United States National Marine Fisheries Service
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-26
    Description: Otter trawls are very effective at capturing flatfish, butthey can affect the seaf loor ecosystems where they are used. Alaska f latf ish trawlers have very long cables (called sweeps) between doors and net to herd fish into the path of the trawl. These sweeps, which ride on and can disturb the seaf loor, account for most of the area affectedby these trawls and hence a large proportion of the potential for damage to seaf loor organisms. We examinedmodifications to otter trawls, such that disk clusters were installed at 9-m intervals to raise trawl sweeps small distances above the seafloor, greatly reducing the area of direct seafloor contact. A critical consideration was whether flatfish would still be herded effectively by these sweeps. We compared conventional and modified sweeps using a twin trawl system and analyzed the volume and compositionof the resulting catches. We tested sweeps raised 5, 7.5, and 10 cm and observed no significant losses of flatfish catch until sweeps were raised 10 cm, and those losses wererelatively small (5–10%). No size composition changes were detected in the flatfish catches. Alaska pollock (Theragrachalcogramma) were captured at higher rates with two versions of the modified sweeps. Sonar observations of the sweeps in operation and the seaf loor after passage confirmed that the area of direct seafloor contact was greatly reduced by the modified sweep
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article , TRUE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 136-144
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  • 9
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    Does allochthony in lakes change across an elevation gradient? (2016)
    Wiley
    In: Ecology
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-01-12
    Description: Ecosystems are subsidized with inputs of mass and energy from their surroundings. These allochthonous inputs regulate many ecosystem characteristics. In inland waters, terrestrial inputs of organic matter regulate food-web structure, ecosystem metabolism, water clarity, and thermal stratification. Future changes in allochthony may be especially pronounced in high-elevation ecosystems due to increases in vegetation and precipitation associated with climate change. Several techniques exist to characterize the degree of allochthony of organic matter in aquatic systems, including metrics such as Δ H , the net isotopic discrimination between water and particulate organic matter (POM) of deuterium stable isotopes, and the fluorescence index (FI), which characterizes the fluorescence of dissolved organic matter (DOM). Despite the importance of allochthonous organic carbon inputs, little is known about either how allochthony varies across elevation gradients or whether different metrics are similarly related to allochthony. We measured Δ H , FI, and a suite of related water-quality characteristics in 30 lakes across a montane to alpine elevation gradient (2340 to 3205 m) in the Beartooth Mountains of Montana and Wyoming, USA, to understand how FI and Δ H varied with elevation, with one another, and with other allochthony-related water-quality characteristics. We hypothesized that allochthony of POM and DOM would decrease at higher elevations, with alpine lakes above treeline being more autochthonous compared with low-elevation lakes below treeline. We observed a significant inverse linear relationship between Δ H and FI, with both metrics indicating a decrease in allochthony at higher elevations. Characteristics including the natural log of the ratio of concentrations of dissolved organic carbon to chlorophyll a (ln(DOC : Chl)), the spectral slope ratio between different spectra of two wavebands ( S R , ratio of spectra at 275–295 to 350–400 nm), and a ratio of diffuse attenuation coefficients at 320 and 380 nm ( K R , K d320   :   K d380 ) varied with both Δ H and FI while pH varied only with Δ H . High-elevation systems were characterized by low ln(DOC : Chl) and K R , and high S R and pH. These results indicate that high-elevation lakes are more autochthonous than low-elevation lakes. The relationships among Δ H , FI, elevation, and other water-quality characteristics provide important insights to understand future changes in carbon cycling in mountain ecosystems.
    Print ISSN: 0012-9658
    Electronic ISSN: 1939-9170
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Wiley on behalf of The Ecological Society of America (ESA).
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  • 10
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    Ecosystem-sensitive approaches to fishing: reconciling fisheries with conservation through improvements in fishing technology (2007)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-11-01
    Print ISSN: 1054-3139
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9289
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of International Council for the Exploration of the Sea.
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