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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ground-Water Problems in the Mesozoic Pax Mountain Fault Zone (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 24 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: More than 100 steeply dipping or vertical Mesozoic fault zones, which cut across Paleozoic igneous and metamorphic rocks, have been reported in the Piedmont and Appalachians of the Carolinas. The present investigation deals with the hydrological problems encountered in exploring for ground water in the Pax Mountain Fault zone. This is the largest known Mesozoic fault in the Carolinas, having a length of more than 75 km and attaining a width of 1 km in places. Subsurface studies of seven wells, which were drilled along the axis of Pax Mountain, South Carolina, show that the composition of the fault rocks is much more complicated than was known heretofore. These rocks consist of angular particles of quartz and feldspar fault breccia enclosed in a kaolinitic clay gouge. They vary greatly in degrees of consolidation and permeability, and these variations were the cause of some serious ground-water problems. Two wells were dry holes because the intergranular spaces of the breccia were clogged with clay and also because most of the joints were filled with secondary minerals. Three wells, which were drilled in more permeable, but poorly consolidated fault rocks, caved in at a depth of about 80 m just when they had encountered large volumes of water. Two of the seven wells produce potable water, but chemical analyses of the ground water showed that their turbidity values were 6.0 t.u. and 2.0 t.u., which exceed the limit of 1.0 recommended by the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1986.tb01014.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Coxeter groups are almost convex (1991)
    Springer
    Geometriae dedicata 39 (1991), S. 55-57 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9168
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract In [C] Cannon introduced the notion of ‘almost convexity’ for the Cayley graph of a finitely generated group. In this paper, we observe that standard facts about Coxeter groups imply that the Cayley graph associated to any Coxeter system is almost convex.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00147303
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phototactic responses of unfed walleye pollock, Theragra chalcogramma larvae: comparisons with other measures of condition (1992)
    Springer
    Environmental biology of fishes 35 (1992), S. 105-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5133
    Keywords: Behavior ; Bioassay ; Light ; Starvation ; Swimming ; Survival
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Synopsis The capability of unfed walleye pollock, Theragra chalcogramma, larvae to swim horizontally towards light was used as a sensitive, sublethal measure of larval condition. At 9°C, positive phototaxis and swimming ability of larvae was fully developed by 4–6 d after hatching, then decreased steadily until death by 12 d after hatching. This measure of larval condition corresponded closely with previously established benchmarks of larval condition, including first feeding, yolksac absorption, point of no return and death by starvation. The presence and timing of behavioral deficits associated with starvation, such as decreased ability to swim, feed and avoid predators, may have significant effects on the ability of larvae to vertically migrate, avoid predators and find and capture food.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00001164
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Formation and maintenance of aggregations in walleye pollock,Theragra chalcogramma, larvae under laboratory conditions: role of visual and chemical stimuli (1995)
    Springer
    Environmental biology of fishes 44 (1995), S. 385-392 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5133
    Keywords: Behavior ; Chemosensory ; Distribution ; Fish larvae ; Orientation ; Olfaction ; Patches ; Vision
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Synopsis Although planktonic marine fish larvae are often distributed in aggregations, the role of behavioral responses to environmental factors in these aggregations is not well understood. This work examines, under laboratory conditions, the influence of visual and chemical stimuli in the formation and maintenance of aggregations in walleye pollock,Theragra chalcogramma, larvae. Larvae were exposed to a horizontal gradient of light (visual stimulus), prey scent (chemical stimuli: squid/copepod and rotifer) or prey density (visual & chemical stimuli: rotifers). While larvae did not respond to prey scent, they did respond to a gradient of light or prey, which resulted in the formation and maintenance of aggregations. Larvae moved into and remained in a zone of higher light intensity (0.56 versus 0.01 μmol photons m-2 s-1). Once encountering a patch of prey, larvae remained aggregated within the patch to feed. In nature, movement of walleye pollock larvae in response to selected environmental factors (e.g., gravity, light, temperature, turbulence) may serendipitously bring them into contact with prey patches, where they then could remain to feed as long as light intensity remained at or above levels necessary for feeding.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00008253
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role of visual cues in the facilitation of growth in a schooling fish (1992)
    Springer
    Environmental biology of fishes 34 (1992), S. 421-424 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5133
    Keywords: Behavior ; Chum salmon ; Growth variation ; Oncorhynchus keta ; Sensory input ; Visual contact
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Synopsis This study tested the hypothesis that visual contact between fish may result in enhanced rates of growth in a schooling fish. Juvenile chum salmon, Oncorhynchus keta, were held singly and reared in isolation or in visual contact with conspecifics. Fish were fed at either a low (6% body weight d−1) or high (20% body weight d−1) ration for 42d. Specific rates of weight gain were 18% greater at low ration and 38% greater at high ration for fish in visual contract with conspecifics than for those held in isolation. The results demonstrate a selective advantage of visual cues associated with schooling behavior and suggest that the efficacy of growth models for schooling fishes may be enhanced by the consideration of social interactions which may facilitate growth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00004746
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ontogenetic shift in geotaxis for walleye pollock,Theragra chalcogramma free embryos and larvae: potential role in controlling vertical distribution (1994)
    Springer
    Environmental biology of fishes 39 (1994), S. 313-318 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5133
    Keywords: Behavior ; Buoyancy ; Orientation ; Resting ; Swimming ; Yolksac larvae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Synopsis The behavioral capability of walleye pollock,Theragra chalcogramma free embryos and larvae to control vertical distribution was assessed by examining buoyancy during resting and swimming orientation and activity as they developed in complete darkness from hatching to first feeding readiness (1 to 7 d post hatching at 6° C). Free embryos exhibited positive geotaxis 1 d post hatching, actively swimming through a density gradient to remain in the lower water column. Activity increased with free embryo development and by 7 d post hatching, feeding-ready larvae reversed their vertical orientation, now exhibiting negative geotaxis as they migrated to the upper water column. The results indicate that even at the earliest developmental stages, walleye pollock possess the capability to control vertical distribution. Laboratory results are compared with patterns of vertical distribution observed in the sea.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00005132
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The numerical calculation of integrals of an isotropic variogram function on hypercubes (1978)
    Springer
    Mathematical geology 10 (1978), S. 311-314 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8868
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Mathematics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02048494
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An algorithm for finding the position of a point relative to a fixed polygonal boundary (1980)
    Springer
    Mathematical geology 12 (1980), S. 61-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8868
    Keywords: algorithm ; fixed polygonal boundary ; position of point
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract This article describes a method that determines the position of a point relative to a fixed boundary. Its advantage over the other existing algorithms described below is that in most cases it is necessary that only part of the algorithm be executed to determine the position of the point. A possible inconvenience of using this algorithm is that the contour boundary has to be entered as data. For problems where the boundary often changes the algorithm is not suitable in its present form. The applications envisaged here are to cases where the position of a very large number of points have to be determined relative to one fixed polygonal boundary whose shape is known in advance, for example, blanking out of contours in automatic contouring, or selecting drill holes which lie in the particular part of a mineral deposit.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01039904
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Production of conditional simulations via the LU triangular decomposition of the covariance matrix (1987)
    Springer
    Mathematical geology 19 (1987), S. 91-98 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8868
    Keywords: geostatistics ; kriging ; conditional simulation ; fast Fourier transform
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract This paper reviews the turning band method and fast Fourier transform method of producing a nonconditional simulation of a multinormal random function with a given covariance structure. A review of the two common methods of conditioning the simulation to honor the data shows that they are formally equivalent. Another method for directly pondering a conditional simulation based on the LU triangular decomposition of the covariance matrix is presented. Computational and implementation difficulties are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00898189
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Generating large stochastic simulations—The matrix polynomial approximation method (1987)
    Springer
    Mathematical geology 19 (1987), S. 99-107 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8868
    Keywords: geostatistics ; simulation ; Toeplitz matrices ; block Toeplitz matrices ; matrix polynomial approximation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract An algorithm for producing a nonconditional simulation by multiplying the square root of the covariance matrix by a random vector is described. First, the square root of a matrix (or a function of a matrix in general) is defined. The square root of the matrix can be approximated by a minimax matrix polynomial. The block Toeplitz structure of the covariance matrix is used to minimize storage. Finally, multiplication of the block Toeplitz matrix by the random vector can be evaluated as a convolution using the fast Fourier transform. This results in an algorithm which is not only efficient in terms of storage and computation but also easy to implement.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00898190
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