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  • 1
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Washington, D.C. : Mineralogical Society of America
    Associated volumes
    Call number: 11/M 00.0603
    In: Reviews in mineralogy & geochemistry
    Description / Table of Contents: Phase transformations occur in most types of materials, including ceramics, metals, polymers, diverse organic and inorganic compounds, minerals, and even crystalline viruses. They have been studied in almost all branches of science, but particularly in physics, chemistry, engineering, materials science and earth sciences. In some cases the objective has been to produce materials in which phase transformations are suppressed, to preserve the structural integrity of some engineering product, for example, while in other cases the objective is to maximise the effects of a transformation, so as to enhance properties such as superconductivity, for example. A long tradition of studying transformation processes in minerals has evolved from the need to understand the physical and thermodynamic properties of minerals in the bulk earth and in the natural environment at its surface. The processes of interest have included magnetism, ferroelasticity, ferroelectricity, atomic ordering, radiation damage, polymorphism, amorphisation and many others-in fact there are very few minerals which show no influence of transformation processes in the critical range of pressures and temperatures relevant to the earth. As in all other areas of science, an intense effort has been made to tum qualitative understanding into quantitative description and prediction via the simultaneous development of theory, experiments and simulations. In the last few years rather fast progress has been made in this context, largely through an interdisciplinary effort, and it seemed to us to be timely to produce a review volume for the benefit of the wider scientific community which summarises the current state of the art. The selection of transformation processes covered here is by no means comprehensive, but represents a coherent view of some of the most important processes which occur specifically in minerals.
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: x, 361 S.
    ISBN: 0-939950-51-0 , 978-0-939950-51-5
    ISSN: 1529-6466
    Series Statement: Reviews in mineralogy & geochemistry 39
    Classification:
    Mineralogy
    Note: Chapter 1. Rigid unit modes in framework structures by Martin T. Dove, Kostya O. Trachenko, Matthew G. Tucker, David A. Keen, p. 1 - 34 Chapter 2. Strain and elasticity at structural phase transitions in minerals by Michael A. Carpenter, p. 35 - 64 Chapter 3. Mesoscopic twin patterns in ferroelastic and co-elastic minerals by Ekard K. H. Salje, p. 65 - 84 Chapter 4. High-pressure structural phase transitions by Ross J. Angel, p. 85 - 104 Chapter 5. Order-disorder phase transitions by Simon A. T. Redfern, p. 105 - 134 Chapter 6. Phase transformations induced by solid solution by Peter J. Heaney, p. 134 - 174 Chapter 7. Magnetic transitions in minerals by Richard J. Harrison, p. 175 - 202 Chapter 8. NMR spectroscopy of phase transitions in minerals by Brian L. Phillips, p. 203 - 240 Chapter 9. Insights into phase transformations from Mössbauer spectroscopy by Catherine A. McCammon, p. 241 - 264 Chapter 10. Hard mode spectroscopy of phase transitions by Ulli Bismayer, p. 265 - 284 Chapter 11. Synchrotron studies of phase transformations by John B. Parise, p. 285 - 318 Chapter 12. Radiation-induced amorphization by Rodney C. Ewing, Aikiviathes Meldrum, LuMin Wang, and ShiXin Wang, p. 319 - 362
    Location: Reading room
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Contributions to mineralogy and petrology 134 (1999), S. 102-106 
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The high-pressure response of the cell parameters of calcite, CaCO3, has been investigated by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The unit cell parameters have been refined from 0 to 1.435 GPa, and the linear and volume compressibilities have been measured as β a =2.62(2) × 10−3 GPa−1,β c =7.94(7) × 10−3 GPa−1, β v =13.12 × 10−3 GPa−1. The bulk modulus has been obtained from a fit to the Birch-Murnaghan equation of state, giving K 0=73.46 ± 0.27 GPa and V 0=367.789 ± 0.004 Å3 with K′=4. Combined with earlier data for magnesite, ankerite and dolomite, these data suggest that K 0 V 0 is a constant for the Ca-Mg rhombohedral carbonates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Contributions to mineralogy and petrology 122 (1995), S. 301-307 
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract  We have measured the thermal expansivity of talc, Mg3Si4O10(OH)2, and phase A, Mg7Si2O8(OH)6, and the compressibility of talc, phase A and 10-Å phase, Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 ⋅ xH2O, using powder X-ray diffraction. The thermal expansivity of talc and phase A were measured at temperatures up to 810° C and 600° C, respectively. Volumes of both phases increase linearly with temperature, and can be described as follows: Talc: V/V 0=1+2.15 (±0.05)×10-5 (T−298), V 0=136.52 (±0.03) cm3 mol-1; Phase A: V/V 0=1+4.86 (±0.18)×10-5 (T– 298), V 0=154.42 (±0.09) cm3 mol-1. Compressibility measurements of talc, 10-Å phase and phase A were made at pressures up to 6.05, 8.52 and 9.85 GPa, respectively. Values of the isothermal bulk modulus K 298 and its pressure derivative K′, obtained by fitting the compressibility data to the Murnaghan equation, are as follows: Talc: K 298=41.6±0.9 GPa, K′=6.5±0.4; 10-Å phase: K 298=32.2±5.5 GPa, K′=9.2±2.8; Phase A: K 298=145±5 GPa (assuming that K′=4). Combining the new talc data with existing thermodynamic data provides a more accurate thermodynamic description of talc than previously available, enabling its high-pressure, high-temperature phase relations to be calculated. The data for 10-Å phase are consistent with a positive slope for its dehydration reaction, making 10-Å phase a good candidate for H2O storage in subducting slabs. The measurements of the thermal expansivity and compressibility of phase A allow its enthalpy of formation and entropy to be derived from the results of phase equilibrium experiments on phase A.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Physics and chemistry of minerals 15 (1988), S. 605-611 
    ISSN: 1432-2021
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The temperature dependence of the hexagonal c unit cell parameter of high-purity NaNO3 shows an anomaly at 553 K corresponding to the orientational ordering transition. The a unit cell parameter is barely influenced by the transition. The single component spontaneous strain for this zone boundary instability is large (∼55×10−3 at 295 K), and couples quadratically with the order parameter. The critical exponent β is found to have the value 0.22 ± 0.01, which differs from that expected in the classical case. Below ca 450 K, crossover to tricritical behaviour is observed (β=1/4). The temperature evolution of the macroscopic order parameter as revealed by the temperature dependence of the spontaneous strain follows a tricritical behaviour between 70 K and 450 K. At temperatures below 70 K order parameter saturation is observed. Combined with recent data from specific heat measurements, the critical exponents suggest that the three-dimensional, three-states Potts model may describe the transition. Precursor spontaneous strain above T c is consistent with local ordering and may result from fluctuations associated with an antiordered NO3 group pair configuration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-2021
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The lattice parameters of anorthites An98Ab2 and An100 have been measured from 22 to 1100 K. The spontaneous strain arising from the $$I\overline 1 - P\overline 1$$ displacive transition in An98 follows second order Landau behaviour. The spontaneous strain (ɛ s) couples quadratically to the order parameter (Q 0) with ɛ s∝Q 02∝(T c * −T) and T c * =530 K in An98. This is in contrast to the tricritical behaviour observed in pure anorthite. These observations are consistent with a Landau model for the free energy of Ca-rich plagioclases in which Al/Si order and Na content renormalize the fourth order coefficient.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Physics and chemistry of minerals 18 (1992), S. 526-533 
    ISSN: 1432-2021
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The dynamic character of the $$I\bar 1 - P\bar 1$$ phase transition in anorthite from Monte Somma has been studied by high-temperature hard mode infrared spectroscopy. The mean local order parameter, as revealed by the temperature evolution of the frequencies of absorption bands between 540 and 620 cm-1, follows classical second-order Landau behaviour with a critical exponent β = 1.. There is no observable first-order step. Anomalous line broadening of the 582 cm-1 band indicates that dynamic fluctuations with a relaxation time τ ≈ 10−10 s exist over a limited temperature interval of approximately 150 K about Tc, and decay rapidly as T becomes greater than Tc. Previous order-disorder models of the high-temperature $$I\bar 1$$ phase are not supported by these results. The Ca-flip motions, which we link to the line broadening, stabilize the driving soft mode of the transition. These flip motion fluctuations do not give rise to departures from the classical Landau theory because of the essential co-elastic nature of the phase transition. In the light of these results the $$I\bar 1 - P\bar 1$$ structural instability can be described as an essentially displacive transition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-2021
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The hexagonal to orthorhombic phase transition in synthetic Mg-cordierite has been studied by (i) measuring the spontaneous strain associated with the transition using Synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction and (ii) measuring the degree of Al, Si order in terms of the number of Al-O-Al bonds per formula unit using solid state NMR spectroscopy. This defines the two order parametersQ andQ od respectively, and their relationship as a function of annealing temperature and time is used to define the structural states of cordierite during the ordering sequence. The formation of modulated hexagonal cordierite within which a high degree of Al, Si order can be attained, results in a strongly non-linear relationship betweenQ andQ od .The transition from modulated to orthorhombic cordierite is strongly first-order under all temperature conditions studied and involves a large step inQ, whileQ od changes continuously throughout the ordering sequence with no marked discontinuity at the phase transition. The lattice distortion, traditionally defined in cordierite by the Δ index provides no full information on the degree of Al, Si order in anhydrous Mg-cordierite, and both order parameters must be used to define its structural state. Transmission electron microscopy has been used to study the mechanism of the transformation from hexagonal to modulated to orthorhombic cordierite.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-2021
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The temperature dependence of the lattice parameters of pure anorthite with high Al/Si order reveals the predicted tricritical behaviour of the $$I\bar 1 \leftrightarrow P\bar 1$$ phase transition at T c * =510 K. The spontaneous strain couples to the order parameter Q° as x i∝S xQ i Q°2 with S xQ 1 =4.166×10−3, S xQ 2 =0.771×10−3, S xQ 3 =−7.223×10−3 for the diagonal elements. The temperature dependence of Q° is $$Q^{\text{o}} = \left( {1 - \frac{T}{{510}}} \right)^\beta ,{\text{ }}\beta = \tfrac{{\text{1}}}{{\text{4}}}$$ A strong dependence of T c * , S xQ i and β is predicted for Al/Si disordered anorthite.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Physics and chemistry of minerals 19 (1992), S. 246-254 
    ISSN: 1432-2021
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The influence of Al/Si disorder in the anorthite tetrahedral framework upon the I $$\bar 1$$ -P $$\bar 1$$ displacive transition of that framework has been investigted at high-temperature by powder X-ray diffraction. The temperature-dependence of the order parameter in a heat-treated (disordered) anorthite and a Ca-rich plagioclase has been determined from spontaneous strain measurements. Both samples show appreciable disorder, with Q od = 0.88 in both cases. In each, the critical exponent β appears to be intermediate between values for classical tricritical (1/4) and second-order (1/2) phase transitions. This critical behaviour is consistent with a Landau potential in which the coefficient of the quartic term is positive but smaller than the coefficient of the sixth order term, corresponding to a second-order phase transition close to a tricritical point. There does not appear to be any defect strain tail near T c and inhomogeneities in Q od appear to be on rather a short length scale in these samples. The role of changing Q od appears to be more important than that of changing composition (albite component). The data are interpreted using a model of a homogeneous field due to changing Q od which renormalizes the transition temperature, T c * , and the fourth order coefficient, B eff, in the Landau expansion. The results are consistent with classical Landau behaviour, and demonstrate the care which must be taken in interpreting apparently non-classical critical exponents for phase transitions close to a tricritical point.
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  • 10
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