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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    EMPIRICAL MODELS FOR TROPHIC STATE IN SOUTHEASTERN U.S. LAKES AND RESERVOIRS (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 24 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : A cross-sectional data set of 80 lakes and reservoirs in nine southeastern states was examined to specify and parameterize trophic state relationships. The relationships fitted are based on measurements of several limnological variables taken over the course of a growing season or year in each of the lakes. The trophic state models relate phosphorus and nitrogen loading to inlake phosphorus and nitrogen concentrations, which in turn are related to maximum chlorophyll level, Secchi disk depth, dominant algal species, and hypolimnetic dissolved oxygen status. Due to the empirical nature of the study, causal conclusions are limited; rather, the models are most useful for prediction of average growing season conditions related to trophic state.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1988.tb00923.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    TECHNIQUES FOR DETECTING TRENDS IN LAKE WATER QUALITY (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 20 (1984), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : With the advent of standards and criteria for water quality variables, there has been an increasing concern about the changes of these variables over time. Thus, sound statistical methods for determining the presence or absence of trends are needed. A Trend Detection Method is presented that provides: 1) Hypothesis Formulation - statement of the problem to be tested, 2) Data Preparation - selection of water quality variable and data, 3) Data Analysis - exploratory data analysis techniques, and 4) Statistical Tests - tests for detecting trends. The method is utilized in a stepwise fashion and is presented in a nonstatistical manner to allow use by those not well versed in statistical theory. While the emphasis herein is on lakes, the method may be adopted easily to other water bodies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1984.tb04640.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    AN EXAMINATION OF LAND USE - NUTRIENT EXPORT RELATIONSHIPS (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 18 (1982), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : Lake and watershed management strategies and recent environmental legislation dictate that nonpoht nutrient sources associated with storm water runoff must be assessed. Accordingly, a nutrient flu assessment for phosphorus and nitrogen is conducted through an extensive literature review of nutrient export studies. These studies are reevaluated. The nutrient export coefficients are screened according to sampling design criteria and compiled according to land use. The ecological mechanisms within each land use influencing the magnitude of nutrient flux are also discussed
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1982.tb00109.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    POLLUTANT RUNOFF MODELS: SELECTION AND USE IN DECISION MAKING (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 21 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: Models for pollutant runoff can be useful in water quality management planning if appropriately structured for the problem at hand. Accordingly, a “top-down” approach is proposed for the examination of extant pollutant runoff models. The approach consists of the identification of objectives and attributes that reflect the needs of planners and decision makers when these models are used for water quality management planning. Ideally, the attributes should concern the effect of model information on improved decision making and the cost of model application. Practical difficulties with the first attribute necessitates substitution of surrogate attributes reflecting model appropriateness, resolution, and uncertainty. Common pollutant runoff models, in particular export coefficients and hydrology-driven simulation models, are found to have serious weaknesses on some of the attribute scales. The “top-down” approach leads to a set of desirable pollutant runoff model attributes; alternate modeling techniques are thus examined in order to identify promising future directions for model development. The focus of this examination is phosphorus, due to its importance in the eutrophication of surface waters. Models for both sediment-attached and dissolved phosphorus are considered. Among the conclusions is the belief that the partial contributing area concept can yield an effective yet simple simulation despite the variable and complex nature of runoff.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1985.tb00128.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    IMPROVED ESTIMATION OF ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS USING AN EMPIRICAL BAYES METHOD (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 32 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : The US Environmental Protection Agency is currently developing guidance for assessing environmental impact using biocriteria within a regulatory framework. Of particular interest are statistical methods of design and analysis to test for impairment of biological assemblages in stream ecosystems associated with water pollution. Current recommendations emphasize frequentist statistical methods with the problem expressed as one of classical hypothesis testing. An empirical Bayes approach is proposed here as an alternative and applied for multi-site inference. The advantages of an empirical Bayes approach, in particular the substantive contribution of collateral information from nearby sites, are discussed in contrast to traditional methods that employ site-specific information only. The approach is illustrated in an application concerning trends in the Index of Biotic Integrity (IHI) for the Scioto River in Ohio.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1996.tb04063.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Using generalized additive models for prediction of chlorophyll a in Lake Okeechobee, Florida (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Lakes & reservoirs 2 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1770
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
    Notes: Long-term eutrophication data collected by the South Florida Water Management District at eight stations in the pelagic region of Lake Okeechobee since 1980 were combined with those from littoral region stations collected since 1986. These data were supplemented by those collected by the University of Florida in conjunction with the Lake Okeechobee Ecosystem Study. Generalized additive models (GAM) were fit to the chlorophyll a response for each of five previously documented‘ecological zones’, each using the same predictor variables for comparison between zones. Significant nonlinear increasing relationships between log10 TP and log10 chlorophyll a were found for littoral and near littoral regions of the lake, which change to decreasing at certain (high) levels of log10 TP. This change to a decreasing function suggests light limitation associated with high TP levels due to particle resuspension. The error distribution of the GAM compare favourably to those of linear models. The relationship of the chlorophyll a response to the predictors used in the GAM appear similar for littoral and near littoral regions, as they do for north pelagic and central pelagic ecological zones, with intermediate shapes of these functions found in the transition zone between these two groups.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1770.1996.tb00046.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    LAND COVER AS A FRAMEWORK FOR ASSESSING RISK OF WATER POLLUTION (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 36 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : A survey of numerous field studies shows that nitrogen and phosphorous export coefficients are significantly different across forest, agriculture, and urban land-cover types. We used simulations to estimate the land-cover composition at which there was a significant risk of nutrient loads representative of watersheds without forest cover. The results suggest that at between 20 percent and 30 percent nonforest cover, there is a 10 percent or greater chance of N or P nutrient loads being equivalent to the median values of predominantly agricultural or urban watersheds. The methods apply to environmental management for assessing the risk to increased nonpoint nutrient pollution. Interpretation of the risk measures are discussed relative to their application for a single watershed and across a region comprised of several watersheds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2000.tb05736.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Importance of scientific uncertainty in decision making (1994)
    Springer
    Environmental management 18 (1994), S. 161-166 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: Uncertainty ; Decision making ; Decision analysis ; Risk ; Safety factors ; Water quality management
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Uncertainty in environmental decision making should not be thought of as a problem that is best ignored. In fact, as is illustrated in a simple example, we often informally make use of awareness of uncertainty by hedging decisions away from large losses. This hedging can be made explicit and formalized using the methods of decision analysis. While scientific uncertainty is undesirable, it can still be useful in environmental management as it provides a basis for the need to fund additional monitoring, experimentation, or information acquisition to improve the scientific basis for decisions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02393758
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Statistical Issues for Monitoring Ecological and Natural Resources in the United States (1999)
    Springer
    Environmental monitoring and assessment 54 (1999), S. 1-45 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2959
    Keywords: monitoring programs ; statistical design ; ecologicalmonitoring ; natural resource monitoring ; survey design
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The United States funds a number of national monitoring programs to measure the status and trends of ecological and natural resources. Each of these programs has a unique focus; the scientific objectives are different as are the sample designs. However, individuals and committees, all well aware of the cost of ecological monitoring, have called for more effective monitoring programs. The objective of this paper is to summarize existing programs' statistical designs and discuss potential alternatives for improvement in national monitoring. Can we improve the current situation by providing an overall framework for the design or analysis of data from these disparate surveys? First, the paper summarizes the objectives of these surveys, compares and contrasts their survey designs as currently implemented, and determines what variables they collect. Through this process we identify commonalities and issues that impact our ability to combine information across one or more of the surveys. Three potential alternatives are presented, leading to comprehensive monitoring in the United States.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005823911258
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  • 10
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    Do Invasive Mussels Restrict Offshore Phosphorus Transport in Lake Huron? (2011)
    American Chemical Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-09-01
    Print ISSN: 0013-936X
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-5851
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by American Chemical Society
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