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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stable isotope evidence for the food web consequences of species invasions in lakes (1999)
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 401 (1999), S. 464-467 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Species invasions pose a serious threat to biodiversity and native ecosystems; however, predicting and quantifying the impacts of invasive species has proven problematic. Here we use stable isotope ratios to document the food-web consequences of the invasion of two non-native predators, ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/46762
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Indirect effects of metal contamination on energetics of yellow perch (Perca flavescens) resulting from food web simplification (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Freshwater biology 50 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2427
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: 1. Benthic invertebrate community composition and yellow perch (Perca flavescens) diet, growth and activity levels from lakes along a metal-contamination gradient were used to assess the importance of a naturally diverse prey base for maintaining energy transfer to growing fish, and how this transfer is disrupted by metal contamination.2. Zoobenthic communities had lower diversity in metal-contaminated lakes, with a notable absence of large bodied invertebrate taxa.3. The average mass of non-zooplankton prey items was significantly greater for 2+ and 3+ perch from the reference lake, and increased significantly with age in all except the most contaminated lakes where prey choice was limited.4. Benthivorous perch from all contaminated lakes exhibited slowed growth. Perch from one of the contaminated lakes exhibited faster growth during piscivory, indicating slowed growth only while benthivorous.5. Estimates of fish activity, using the activity of the glycolytic enzyme Lactate dehydrogenase in perch white muscle tissue as a proxy, suggested that shifts in diet to larger prey (in reference and intermediately contaminated lakes) lowered activity costs, which may explain how diet shifts maintain growth efficiency as perch grow larger.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2005.01380.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modelling food chain structure and contaminant bioaccumulation using stable nitrogen isotopes (1994)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 372 (1994), S. 255-257 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] A general approach to the measurement of food-web processes has been suggested by studies of stable nitrogen isotope ratios (15N/14N) of organisms and their food sources2'3. In laboratory experiments, the enrichment in 〈515N (£15N = ([15N/14NSamp.e/15N/14Nstandard] - 1) x 1,000), ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/372255a0
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Impaired cortisol stress response in fish from environments polluted by PAHs, PCBs, and mercury (1992)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 22 (1992), S. 278-283 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The cortisol stress response to capture was investigated in two species of fish (Perca flavescens and Esox lucius) from sites polluted by high levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and mercury, and from reference sites in the St. Lawrence river system. Fish from the reference sites exhibited the normal elevation of serum cortisol in response to the acute stress of capture and had large pituitary corticotropes. In contrast, fish from the most polluted sites were unable to increase their serum cortisol in response to the acute stress of capture and their pituitary corticotropes were atrophied. These results suggest that a life-long exposure to chemical pollutants may lead to an exhaustion of the cortisol-producing endocrine system, possibly as a result of prolonged hyperactivity of the system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00212086
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Empirical relationships between the element composition of aquatic macrophytes and their underlying sediments (1991)
    Springer
    Biogeochemistry 12 (1991), S. 71-86 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-515X
    Keywords: aquatic plants ; element composition ; QSAR
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract A simple view of the role of rooted macrophytes in element cycling sees them as pumps retrieving buried elements from the sediment profile. To investigate the relationship between the elemental composition of plants and sediments, we analysed published data for 39 elements. The best general model explained 84% of the variance of the log of plant element concentration: LPE = - 0.81 + 0.90 Log Sediment Element (ug/g dry wt.) − 0.12 Sediment Organic Content (ug/g drt wt.) + 0.67 Atomic radius (nm) (r 2 = 0.84; n = 39) This close relationship between the concentrations of an element in plant tissues and in the underlying sediment indicates that acquatic plants do not differ markedly in element composition from the sediments in which they grow. T-tests between mean residuals indicated that these aquatic plants do not discriminate between essential and nonessential elements. Model II regression analyses showed no difference between the slopes of the functional relationships for individual elements and that of the general model. When the elements were separated into three groups (alkali, transition and related metals, and halogens), Log Sediment Element accounted for 75–96% of the variation in LPE. Element physicochemical parameters were also significant independent variables explaining an additional 3–12% variation in LPE. The relative importance of the independent variables differed for the three groups of elements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00001807
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of bioassay-based whole effluent toxicity (WET) tests to predict benthic community response to a complex industrial effluent (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of aquatic ecosystem stress and recovery 6 (1997), S. 141-157 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5141
    Keywords: benthic invertebrates ; community response ; complex effluent ; ecotoxicology ; field validation ; MATC ; pulp and paper ; toxicity tests ; WET ; whole effluent toxicity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Whole effluent toxicity (WET) tests are a usefulmonitoring tool because they provide a rapid andreplicable measure of the potential ecotoxicologicaleffect of effluents. Although WET tests have beenincorporated into toxicity-based effluent limits toprotect receiving systems from adverse effects, fewstudies have attempted to quantitativelyfield-validate laboratory-derived toxicity thresholds.In this study, we examine the ability of WET tests topredict response thresholds of an invertebratecommunity to a paper mill effluent discharged into theNicolet-SW River, Québec, Canada. We quantifiedinvertebrate community structure and density in theriver and detrended for the effects ofphysical/chemical variables. This allowed examinationof direct correlation between invertebrate communitystructure and effluent concentration. There was asignificant decrease in taxonomic richness at aneffluent concentration of 16%, but significantchanges in the density of invertebrates occurredbetween 0% and 2% effluent. This suggests thatalthough most taxa returned to the river downstream ofthe effluent, they did so at lower densities.Calculated field thresholds were compared tolaboratory thresholds for the effluent using chronicWET tests with algae, cladocerans and fish. The WETtests produced a mean MATC of 3.6%. Thus, standardWET tests overestimated response thresholds of theinvertebrate community in the receiving environmentand impacts were observed in areas where no impact wasexpected.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009947824130
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A mass-balance analysis of trace metals in two weedbeds (1994)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 75 (1994), S. 107-119 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract A mass-balance approach was used to examine the role of macrophyte beds as a sink or source for 7 metals over time scales varying from two months (the growing season of the plants) to one year. During the growing season the macrophyte beds were found to be net sinks for particulate metals but were net sources of dissolved metals. During senescence, ca. 15–20% of the Al, Fe, and Mn and ca. 25–30% of the Cr, Cu, Ni and Zn within the macrophyte tissues at maximum seasonal biomass was lost to the surrounding waters in a dissolved form. The export of metals from the weeds during senescence was a very small fraction (〈0.01% of Al, Fe to 3.5% of Zn) of the annual allochthonous metal loading to Fitch Bay in L. Memphremagog, Quebec. In L. Weedon however, metal export during senescence was 34% (Mn) to 57%(Cu) of the annual allochthonous load. The time estimated for the plants to recycle the metals within the rooting zone of the sediments was on the order of hundreds of years. These results demonstrate that while weedbeds are net sources of metals during the summer, only a small fraction of metals in littoral sediments are not permanently buried over the longer term.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01100403
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genotoxicity of snow in the Montreal metropolitan area (1995)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 83 (1995), S. 315-334 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Snow is capable of scavenging particle-bound, mutagenic organic pollutants from the atmosphere. Between storms snow can act as a mechanical filter for airborne particulates and dry atmospheric fallout can contribute to contamination of the snowpack. In urban areas snow cover can store contaminants and provide a sensitive, time integrated record of local air contamination. We examined the genotoxicity of snow collected from 14 sites in the Montréal metropolitan area. Snow contaminants were extracted using dichloromethane and the genotoxicity of the extracts measured using the SOS Chromotest. Only one extract elicited a positive response in the absence of a metabolic activation mixture. Sites which provided genotoxic samples are diverse in nature. Some sites are adjacent to highways and might be expected to receive genotoxic contaminants from internal combustion vehicles. Extracts of snow from regional dump sites were not genotoxic. Mean ambient carbon monoxide and nitrogen dioxide levels were significantly higher at sites which provided genotoxic snow samples. The mean ambient concentration of suspended particulates at the positive sites was not significantly different from the concentration at the negative sites. However, a significant linear relationship was identified between the SOS response inducing potency (SOSIP) of the genotoxic samples and the ambient level of suspended particulates. The results presented confirm the presence of genotoxic material in urban snow and demonstrate that the SOS Chromotest can be used to rapidly screen complex environmental extracts for genotoxicity. High ambient levels of carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide measured at positive sites, and the relationship between SOSIP and the concentration of airborne particulate matter, suggests that the putative genotoxicants are fuel combustion by-products. This conclusion, while supported by previous research on atmospheric, particle-bound mutagens, is still speculative.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00477360
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structural and functional impairment of the hypothalamo- pituitary-interrenal axis in fish exposed to bleached kraft mill effluent in the St Maurice River, Quebec (1997)
    Springer
    Ecotoxicology 6 (1997), S. 1-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3017
    Keywords: cortisol ; BKME ; fish ; interrenal ; pituitary ; morphol ogy ; acute stress ; endocrine dysfunction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The effects of bleached kraft mill effluent (BKME) on blood cortisol levels and the morphology of the pituitary-interrenal axis were investigated in two species of teleost fish, the northern pike, Esox lucius, and the yellow perch, Perca flavescens, sampled upstream and downstream from a pulp and paper mill on the St Maurice River, Quebec. Fish were acutely stressed by a standardized capture and sampling protocol at both sites, and their ability to elevate blood cortisol levels in response to the capture stress was compared. Blood cortisol levels in fish from the upstream site (〉100 ng/ml plasma) were higher than the levels in fish from the BKME site, and the pituitary corticotropes and the interrenal steroidogenic cells of the upstream fish were larger and had larger nuclei compared with cells from the downstream fish. The low blood cortisol levels in fish exposed to BKME were correlated to cellular atrophy within the hypothalamo-pituitary-interrenal (HPI) axis. The reduced ability to elevate blood cortisol in response to an acute stress may be an endocrine dysfunction occuring in fish chronically exposed to chemical stressors in their environment
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018699405158
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The life-history, distribution, and production of Chironomus riparius and Glyptotendipes paripes in a prairie pond (1984)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 119 (1984), S. 65-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: life-history ; production ; growth ; Chironomus riparius ; Glyptotendipes paripes ; Chironomidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract C. riparius and G. paripes exhibited univoltine life-cycles in Stephenson Pond; pupation, emergence and oviposition occurred mainly during May, and both species overwintered as mature fourth instar larvae. The marjority of larval growth for both species took place during the fourth instar stage (August–October), and growth and production were very low during late May to mid July when only young instars were present. Low production occurred during an interval when sestonic chlorophyll a concentration was very low, and the high production period corresponded to the Aphanizomenon bloom (August) and the autumn diatom pulse. None of the growth and production parameters investigated were correlated with temperature at the mud-water interface. Tube structure and behavior of the larvae indicate that G. paripes larvae are filter-feeders, whereas, C. riparius larvae are deposit-feeders.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00016865
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