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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification and characterisation of high impact polystyrene  -  Part I: Microscopic identification of high impact polystyrene filled with titanium dioxide (1970)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 12 (1970), S. 131-135 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Mit Titandioxid gefülltes schlagfestes Polystyrol kann nicht durch Phasen kontrastmikroskopie identifiziert und charakterisiert werden. Dagegen erhält man durch Kupplung des Polymeren in einer Lösung in Chloroform/äther mit diazotiertem p-Nitroanilin eine spezifische Färbung der Kautschukteilchen, die unter dem Mikroskop beobachtet werden kann. Form, Größe und Verteilung der Kautschukpartikel werden durch die Reaktion nicht verändert.
    Notes: Phase contrast microscopy cannot be applied for the identification and characterisation of high impact polystyrenes if the final product is filled with titanium dioxide. In such cases, coupling the solution of high impact polystyrene in a mixture of chloroform and ether with a diazonium salt of p-nitroaniline results specifically in the coloration of the elastomeric particles, which can be viewed clearly under the microscope. It has been observed that the shape, size and dispersion of the elastomeric particles remain undisturbed during the coupling reaction.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1970.050120109
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Indentification and characterisation of high impact polystyrenes. II. Impact index (1971)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 19 (1971), S. 113-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die Extinktion von 0,5-proz. Lösungen von hoch schlagzähem Polystyrol (HIPS) in Tetrachlorkohlenstoff bel 320 mμ sind ein Maß für die Schlagzähigkeit der HIPS-Proben. Der Pfropfungsgrad der HIPS-Proben wurde durch Extraktionsversuche bestimmt. Die Abhängigkeit der Schlagzähigkeit vom Pfropfungsgrad wurde mit der Abhängigkeit der Schlagzähigkeit von den Extinktionen der genannten Lösungen verglichen. Dabei wurde gefunden, daß die Extinktion ebenso wie der Pfropfungsgrad ein Maß für die Schlagzähigkeit ist. Die Werte für die optischen Dichten wurden deshalb in ganzen Zahlen ausgedrückt und als Schlag-Indizes bezeichnet.
    Notes: The optical density of high impact polystyrene (HIPS) solution in carbon tetrachloride (0.5 %) at 320 mμ is found to be indicative of the improvement in impact resistance of the HIPS sample. The percentage grafting has been determined in the HIPS samples by solvent extraction method, and the dependency of impact resistance of the percentage grafting is compared with that of optical density and impact resistance. From the results it appears that the optical densities are as indicative as the percentage grafting, of the impact strength. For the ease of calculations the values of optical density are expressed as whole numbers and are referred as impact indices.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1971.050190111
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ESR and magnetic properties of electrically conducting metallophthalocyanine polymersA part of the paper was presented at the First International Conference on Frontiers in Polymer Research held at New Delhi, January 21-25, 1991. (1994)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 32 (1994), S. 37-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: phthalocyanine polymers ; electrical conductivity ; magnetic susceptibility ; electron spin resonance ; soliton defects ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Polymeric metallophthalocyanines of Cu, Ni, Co in which benzene rings are shared in common with the macrocyclic phthalocyanine rings containing peripheral carboxylic groups have been synthesized and their electrical conductivities are shown to increase from 5 to 8 orders of magnitude by thermal treatment. The cobalt polymer exhibits greater conductivity than its nickel or copper analogs. The heated polymers show very broad electron spin resonance (ESR) signals and large paramagnetic susceptibilities. The bulk magnetic susceptibility of these polymers shows Curie-like behavior when the samples are heated from room temperature to 473 K. This is explained on the basis of coexistence of fixed mobile and conduction electron spins in the system and the interaction of the soliton type defects present in these polymers with the polymeric network to give dipolar charge carriers. This is also supported by the decrease in ESR intensity with increasing temperature when the samples are heated in the ESR cavity. The effect of the presence of unpaired electrons on the d shell of the central metal atoms on the line width and the line shape of the ESR spectra is also explained. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/polb.1994.090320106
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Carbon-13 NMR of 1,2-polybutadienes: Configurational sequencingPresented at Division of Spectroscopy of the IUPAC 28th International Symposium on Macromolecules, Amherst, MA, July 12-17, 1982. (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 365-374 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Carbon-13 Fourier-transform spectra (67.88 MHz) of 1,2-polybutadienes (PBDs) (I-IV) were obtained. The triad and pentad intensities were calculated for the olefinic methylene carbon (C-1). Bernoullian and first-order Markov-chain propagation statistics were tested to fit the experimental data. The pentad placements for the olefinic methine carbon (C-2) were also assigned using the data calculated for the C-1 carbon. Fine-structure splitting due to placements higher than pentads was observed for both C-1 and C-2 carbons in PBD samples III and IV.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170210206
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and properties of polyamides of p-phenylenedioxydiacetic acid (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 1743-1756 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Several polyamides of p-phenylenedioxydiacetic acid (PDDA) were synthesized by the low-temperature solution polycondensation techniques. Six different diamines were condensed independently with p-phenylenedioxydiacetyl chloride (PDC) in a mixture of N-methyl pyrolidone (NMP) and hexamethyl phosphoramide (HMPA). The polymers were obtained in 80-95% yield and possessed inherent viscosities in the range 0.32-0.81 dL/g. The polymers were characterized by infrared (IR) and H1-NMR spectra. The solubility, density, crystallinity, and thermal stability of the polyamides were also determined. A model diamide (MDA-1) was also synthesized from aniline and PDC to confirm the formation of polyamides from diamines.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.170220719
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Insitu dehydro-oligomerization of castor oil, fatty acid ester into esters of dimer and oligomer acids over molybdenum oxide on silica-alumina catalyst (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 2317-2327 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A process is described for the conversion of methylricinoleate, the major castor oil, fatty acid ester, directly into esters of dimer and oligomer acids by using molybdenum oxide on a silica-alumina catalyst. The dehydration of the methylricinoleate into a corresponding mixture of conjugated and nonconjugated olefins and the oligomerization reaction took place side by side in a continuous column, fixed-bed reactor. The products are characterized by IR, 1H NMR, and MS. The fragmentation pattern in the mass spectrum of the dimeric species distilled from the mixture reveals that the product contains cyclic and acyclic isomeric structures. The mechanism of dimerization and oligomerization reactions to transition metal complexes and transition metal oxide catalyst systems is reviewed briefly and the possibility of a common mechanism for all similar systems is suggested. A general mechanism for oligomerization reactions to similar catalysts is proposed and the products of the present reaction are explained on the basis of the proposed mechanism.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.170221003
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oligomerization of styrene over molybdenum oxide on silica-alumina catalyst (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 2133-2144 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Styrene was found to yield saturated and unsaturated linear oligomers in the presence of a surface-supported catalyst, molybdenum oxide on silica-alumina. The reaction rates, the structure, and the molecular weight distribution of the products were found to be controlled by the choice of the solvent. Higher-molecular-weight fractions were favored in isooctane, whereas low-molecular-weight oligomers were preferred in dioxane. The reaction followed first-order kinetics with respect to the monomer. End-group analysis suggests a probable cationic mechanism. Approximate transfer constants KtrKp were deduced from product distribution data. The behavior of the surface-supported catalyst was compared with other cationic catalyst systems.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170210722
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetics of oligomerization of methyl ester of dehydrated castor oil fatty acid over molybdenum oxide on silica-alumina catalyst in comparison with the thermal oligomerization process (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 3805-3814 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A process is described for the oligomerization of methyl ester of dehydrated castor oil fatty acid over molybdenum oxide on silica-alumina catalyst. The process is compared with thermal oligomerization. The nature of the reaction in both the processes are shown to be the same from the structural elucidation of the product despite the variation in product composition. The percentage of dimer in the product in both the processes is observed to attain an equilibrium value at around 270°C. The catalytic process is shown to follow a second-order kinetics with respect to the monomer, whereas the thermal reaction follows a first-order kinetics. The kinetic scheme derived for the catalytic process is shown to be consistent with the steps of the general mechanism proposed for oligomerization reactions over transition metal catalysts [V. G. Kumar, S. Venkatachalam, and K.V.C. Rao, J. Poly. Sci. Polym. Chem. Ed., 22, 3850 (1984)].
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.170221218
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Addition polyimides. II. Synthesis and characterization of bisitaconimide prepolymers (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 37 (1989), S. 127-144 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: N,N′-bis(3,3′-itaconimidophenyl) sulfone has been synthesized by reacting itaconic anhydride with 3,3′-diamino diphenyl sulfone. The bisitaconimides and the intermediates were characterized by chemical analysis, IR, NMR, TG, and GPC. The degree of polymerization (DP) of the prepolymers of the bisitaconimide was followed by GPC and from the NMR data on vinylidene and aromatic proton ratios. The correlation between DP and intrinsic viscosity of the prepolymers was made use of to determine the Mark-Houwink constants (K and α). The thermal stability and the decomposition kinetics of the prepolymers were evaluated from TG data. The kinetic parameters, viz. energy of activation, E, and preexponential factor A, were computed using four nonisothermal integral equations, and their values are not appreciably affected by the degree of polymerization, within the range studied.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1989.070370110
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Accelerated degradation of poly(ester urethane) by adenosine triphosphate (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 43 (1991), S. 825-827 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1991.070430421
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