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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 402 (1999), S. 898-898 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Nature 398, 326–330; 1999 The names of these authors are listed as the Chinese would write them and not according to Nature's convention, that is with the family name first and the given name last. Correct citations of this paper ...
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Macmillan Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 393 (1998), S. 753-761 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Current controversy over the origin and early evolution of birds centres on whether or not they are derived from coelurosaurian theropod dinosaurs. Here we describe two theropods from the Upper Jurassic/Lower Cretaceous Chaomidianzi Formation of Liaoning province, China. Although both theropods ...
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Vacuum 43 (1992), S. 1137-1139 
    ISSN: 0042-207X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Macmillan Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 398 (1999), S. 326-330 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Here we describe a new triconodont mammal from the Late Jurassic/Early Cretaceous period of Liaoning, China. This new mammal is represented by the best-preserved skeleton known so far for triconodonts which form one of the earliest Mesozoic mammalian groups with high diversity. The ...
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of ornithology 140 (1999), S. 41-50 
    ISSN: 1439-0361
    Keywords: Confuciusornis ; flight ; mesozoic birds
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Confuciusornis sanctus liegt, wie kaum ein anderer fossiler Vogel, in zahlreichen Exemplaren vor. Ihr Erhaltungszustand weist auf plötzlichen Tod und rasche Einbettung hin (Gase und Staub vulkanischen Ursprungs). Die Vögel lebten gesellig an Süßgewässern, brüteten aber vielleicht auf Bäumen. Möglicherweise konnten sie schwimmen. Ihre Anatomie stellt eine Mischung urtümlicher und abgeleiteter Bildungen dar. Der vorliegende Aufsatz behandelt vor allem Strukturen, die Auskunft über die Flugfähigkeit geben. Dazu gehören: Ein Brustbein mit einem leistenförmig angedeuteten Kamm, die Verschmelzung der Metacarpalia mit einem Teil der Carpalia zu einem Carpometacarpus, die Ausbildung des Gelenkes zwischen Ober- und Unterarm, wie sie für die Zwangskoppelung dieses Gelenkes und des Handwurzelgelenkes nötig ist, sowie sehr lange Schwungfedern. Die großen Flügel lassen keinen Zweifel an der Flugfähigkeit vonConfuciusornis; wahrscheinlich konnte er besonders gut segeln. Die Funktion der drei voneinander getrennten Finger ist nur für den zweiten klar erkenntlich. Dieser Finger trug die äußeren Handschwingen und war, obgleich noch mit Gelenken ausgestattet, wohl nur eingeschränkt beweglich; seine Kralle ist klein. Der dritte Finger war offenbar sehr beweglich, sein Basalglied ist stark verkürzt. Möglicherweise konnte er, nach hinten abgespreizt, als „Landeklappe” dienen und damit die Flugeigenschaften des Flügels verbessern. Eine Alula scheint am ersten Finger nicht ausgebildet gewesen zu sein. Unklar ist die Funktion der enormen Krallen am ersten und dritten Finger. Die Annahme, daß sie zum Klettern dienten, ist unwahrscheinlich, da die langen Federn beim Klettern sehr hinderlich gewesen wären undConfuciusornis als voll flugfähiger Vogel auch gar keinen Grund zum Klettern hatte. Die Anatomie der hinteren Gliedmaßen entspricht einem generalisierten Vogelfuß. Die Konfiguration der Zehen ist von derjenigen typischer arboricoler Vögel weit entfernt. Im Lichte der dargestellten Befunde entsprechen alle bisher veröffentlichten Rekonstruktionen vonConfuciusornis nur teilweise der Wirklichkeit.
    Notes: Summary The fossil record forConfuciusornis sanctus is more extensive than that for most other fossil birds. The condition of preservation shows that the specimens died suddenly and were embedded in the sediment (influence of volcanic gases and dust) very quickly. The birds lived socially near freshwater lakes and ponds. They were probably able to swim but might have nested on trees. Their anatomy reveals a stunning mixture of primitive and derived features. This paper focusses mainly on structures affecting the capacity of flight, e.g. the bony sternum with a small keel; the metacarpalia and carpalia forming a proximally fused carpometacarpus; the structure of the joint between the humerus and the forearm indicating a mechanical arrangement synchronizing flexions and extensions at the elbow and wrist joints; the long remiges. The large wings leave no room for doubt thatConfuciusornis could fly; soaring was probably its preferred mode of flight. The three fingers could be moved independently of each other. The mobility of the second (big) finger was apparently restricted. This finger bore the distal primaries, its claw is small. The functions of the first and third fingers are not clear. The third finger has a very short basal phalange and was highly flexible. It probably served as a sort of landing flap when it was stretched out caudally, thus improving the flight properties of the wing, all the more as the alula of the first finger was lacking. The function of the enormous claws on the first and third finger is unknown. The assumption that these claws were climbing devices is implausible. The long remiges would have been quite obstructive in a stem-climbingConfuciusornis. Apart from that, there is no reason why a good flyer should have climbed. The anatomy of the hind limbs agrees with a rather generalized type of avian foot. The configuration of the toes is far from that of typical perching birds. In the light of these findings reconstructions ofConfuciusornis previously published meet the anatomical facts only in part.
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2018-09-01
    Print ISSN: 1742-6588
    Electronic ISSN: 1742-6596
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Institute of Physics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2018-09-01
    Print ISSN: 1742-6588
    Electronic ISSN: 1742-6596
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Institute of Physics
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2004-04-29
    Print ISSN: 0031-9007
    Electronic ISSN: 1079-7114
    Topics: Physics
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2016-01-07
    Description: The Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) on-board the first Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) completed its sensor level testing on December 2014. The JPSS-1 (J1) mission is scheduled to launch in December 2016, and will be very similar to the Suomi-National Polar-orbiting Partnership (SNPP) mission. VIIRS instrument has 22 spectral bands covering the spectrum between 0.4 and 12.6 μm. It is a cross-track scanning radiometer capable of providing global measurements twice daily, through observations at two spatial resolutions, 375 m and 750 m at nadir for the imaging and moderate bands, respectively. This paper will briefly describe J1 VIIRS characterization and calibration performance and methodologies executed during the pre-launch testing phases by the government independent team to generate the at-launch baseline radiometric performance and the metrics needed to populate the sensor data record (SDR) Look-Up-Tables (LUTs). This paper will also provide an assessment of the sensor pre-launch radiometric performance, such as the sensor signal to noise ratios (SNRs), radiance dynamic range, reflective and emissive bands calibration performance, polarization sensitivity, spectral performance, response-vs-scan (RVS), and scattered light response. A set of performance metrics generated during the pre-launch testing program will be compared to both the VIIRS sensor specification and the SNPP VIIRS pre-launch performance.
    Electronic ISSN: 2072-4292
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Published by MDPI Publishing
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2011-08-22
    Print ISSN: 0003-6951
    Electronic ISSN: 1077-3118
    Topics: Physics
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