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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 42 (2004), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: Occurrences of pharmaceutically active compounds in surface water and sewage water have been widely reported. Investigations show the presence of several classes of pharmaceuticals such as antirheumatics (e.g., diclofenac), analgesics (e.g., propyphenazone), and blood lipid regulators (clofibric acid), even in ground water. Compared to their occurrences in surface water, however, the reported incidences of drugs in ground water are much rarer. This may be due to the input, but also to transport processes and degradation in the aquifer.In field studies investigating ground water sampled at a bank infiltration site at Lake Tegel, Berlin, Germany, clofibric acid was found at concentrations up to 290 ng/L, and propyphenazone up to 250 ng/L, whereas concentrations of diclofenac were around the detection limit.The aim of this study was to investigate the ground water transport behavior of the pharmaceuticals clofibric acid, propyphenazone, and diclofenac with a laboratory soil column experiment. Results show that clofibric acid exhibits no degradation and almost no retardation (Rf= 1.1). Diclofenac (Rf= 2.0) and propyphenazone (Rf= 1.6) are retarded, whereas significant degradation was not observed for both pharmaceuticals under the prevailing conditions in the soil column. We conclude that the concentration distribution of the pharmaceuticals at the bank filtration site at Lake Tegel is controlled by sorption, desorption, and input variation, rather than by degradation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water monitoring & remediation 24 (2004), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1745-6592
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: Bank filtration and artificial ground water recharge are important, effective, and cheap techniques for surface water treatment and removal of microbes, as well as inorganic, and some organic, contaminants. Nevertheless, physical, chemical, and biological processes of the removal of impurities are not understood sufficiently. A research project titled Natural and Artificial Systems for Recharge and Infiltration attempts to provide more clarity in the processes affecting the removal of these contaminants. The project focuses on the fate and transport of selected emerging contaminants during bank filtration at two transects in Berlin, Germany. Several detections of pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) in ground water samples from bank filtration sites in Germany led to furthering research on the removal of these compounds during bank filtration. In this study, six PhACs including the analgesic drugs diclofenac and propyphenazone, the antiepileptic drugs carbamazepine and primidone, and the drug metabolites clofibric acid and 1-acetyl-1-methyl-2-dimethyl-oxamoyl-2-phenylhydrazide were found to leach from the contaminated streams and lakes into the ground water. These compounds were also detected at low concentrations in receiving public supply wells. Bank filtration either decreased the concentrations by dilution (e.g., for carbamazepine and primidone) and partial removal (e.g., for diclofenac), or totally removed PhACs (e.g., bezafibrate, indomethacine, antibiotics, and estrogens). Several PhACs, such as carbamazepine and especially primidone, were readily transported during bank filtration. They are thought to be good indicators for evaluating whether surface water is impacted by contamination from municipal sewage effluent or whether contamination associated with sewage effluent can be transported into ground water at ground water recharge sites.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of earth sciences 69 (1980), S. 532-545 
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Geochemical weathering reactions take place in the unsaturated zone and shallow groundwater. In this region climatic, biological, biochemical and geochemical processes control the degradation of the primary rocks. The dissolved and volatile substances are transported with seepage water, groundwater and ground air. For quantification of the substance transport the vertical moisture distribution was measured with a neutron-probe and the soil horizon specific seepage rates were calculated with help of a mathematical model. To investigate the geochemical processes and the transport rates of dissolved substances lysimeters of different lengths were installed. Furthermore the bulk output of dissolved substances was determined with spring flow measurements and spring water analyses. A suitable steel probe was used for measuring the vertical CO2-concentration distribution in the ground air and the horizon specific CO2-production rates were determined with help of a mathematical model. Geochemical weathering processes, such as decomposition of organic substances, carbonate dissolution, hydrolysis of silicates and adsorption on solid substances are described for the different horizons of a podsol soil under various vegetations. The quantified CO2-balance was used to show the interaction between ground air and seepage water composition.
    Abstract: Résumé Des processus géochimiques d'altération se produisent en grande partie dans la zone d'eau non saturée et dans les eaux souterraines proches de la surface du sol. Dans ce domaine, ce sont les processus climatiques, biologiques, biochimiques et géochimiques qui déterminent la décomposition des roches originelles. Les moyens de transport des produits de décomposition dissous et volatils sont les eaux et l'air souterrains. Pour la quantification du transport de substances, on a déterminé dans le terrain, avec la sonde à neutrons la répartition verticale de l'humidité et on a calculé, à l'aide d'un modèle mathématique, les taux de percolation. Pour cerner les processus géochimiques, on a établi globalement, avec des lysimètres de longueurs différentes, les transports de substances à partir des différents horizons du sol et, à l'aide de mesures hydrologiques et hydrochimiques, le transport de substances à partir du système des eaux souterraines. Avec une sonde de métal appropriée, on a mesuré les répartitions de concentration en CO2 dans l'air souterrain et on a calculé, à l'aide d'un modèle mathématique les taux de production en CO2 spécifiques à chaque horizon du sol. On a représenté, pour différents horizons du sol d'un podsol à végétation différente, des processus géochimiques d'alteration tels que la désagrégation des substances organiques, la dissolution du calcaire, l'hydrolyse des silicates et les processus d'adsorption par des substances solides. La teneur en CO2 quantifiée à servi à montrer les interactions étroites entre la composition de l'air souterrain et de l'eau de percolation.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Geochemische Verwitterungsvorgänge vollziehen sich im wesentlichen in der wasserungesättigten Zone und im erdoberflächennahen Grundwasser. In diesem Bereich bestimmen klimatische, biologische, biochemische und geochemische Vorgänge die Zersetzung des Ausgangsgesteins. Als Transportmittel für gelöste und flüchtige Umsetzungsprodukte wirken Sickerwasser, Grundwasser und Grundluft. Zur Quantifizierung des Stofftransportes wurden im Felde die vertikale Feuchtigkeitsverteilung mit einer Neutronensonde ermittelt und mit Hilfe eines Rechenmodells die Sickerraten bestimmt. Zur Erfassung der geochemischen Vorgänge wurden mit unterschiedlich langen Lysimetern der Stoffaustrag aus den einzelnen Bodenhorizonten und mit Hilfe hydrologischer und hydrochemischer Messungen der Stoffaustrag aus dem Grundwassersystem pauschal ermittelt. Mit einer geeigneten Stahlsonde wurden CO2-Konzentrationsverteilungen in der Grundluft gemessen und mit Hilfe eines Rechenmodells bodenhorizontspezifische CO2-Produktionsraten errechnet. Geochemische Verwitterungsvorgänge, wie Abbau der organischen Stoffe, Kalklösung, Hydrolyse der Silikate und Adsorptionsvorgänge an Festsubstanzen werden für unterschiedliche Bodenhorizonte eines Podsols unter verschiedener Vegetation dargestellt. Anhand des quantifizierten CO2-Haushaltes werden die engen Wechselbeziehungen zwischen Grundluft- und Sickerwasserzusammensetzung aufgezeigt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1165
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract The water management in Berlin leads to a situation, where nearly the entire groundwater balance is affected by human activities. Sealing, discharge by water plants and factories, drainage and leaky pipes are only some examples for the human influence. In the southeast of Berlin the Free University carries out a research project on the water balance of an almost natural catchment area. The investigations refer to the groundwater recharge in a forest and in small moist biotopes. A quantitative relation between the water level and the climatic water balance in the catchment area could be found by stochastic methods. The water balance equation was used to construct the graph of the weekly groundwater recharge in a moist biotope and in a forest.
    Notes: Kurzfassung Die Wasserwirtschaft in Berlin führt zu einer Situation, in der nahezu der gesamte Wasserhaushalt der Region anthropogenen Einflüssen unterliegt. Flächenversiegelung, Grundwasserentnahme durch die öffentliche Wasserversorgung und Eigenwasserentnahmen der Industrie, Melioration, Drainagen und undichte Kanalisation sind nur einige Beispiele hierfür. Die Untersuchungen stellen Grundwasserneubildungsvorgänge in Wald- und kleinen Feuchtgebieten dar. Mit Hilfe stochastischer Methoden wurde eine quantitative Beziehung zwischen den Grundwasserspiegelschwankungen und der klimatischen Wasserbilanz in kleine Einzugsgebieten hergestellt. Daraus wurde wöchentlich die Grundwasserneubildung für ein Feuchtgebiet und eine Wald errechnet.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
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    Unknown
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Pekdeger, Asaf (1979): Labor- und Felduntersuchungen zur Genese der Sicker- und Grundwasserbeschaffenheit. Meyniana, 31, 25-57, https://doi.org/10.2312/meyniana.1979.31.25
    Publication Date: 2023-05-12
    Description: Under defined laboratory and field conditions, the investigation of percolating water through soil columns (podsol, lessive and peat) down to groundwater table shows that the main factors which control the chemical characteristics of the percolates are: precipitation, evaporation, infiltration rate, soil type, depth and dissolved organic substances. Evaporation and percolation velocity influences the Na+, SO4**2- and Cl- concentrations. Low percolation velocity leads also to longer percolation times and water logging in less permeable strata, which results in lower Eh-values and higher CO2-concentrations due to low gas exchange with the atmosphere. Ca2+ and Mg2+ carbonate concentration depends on soil type and depth. Metamorphism and decomposition of organic substances involve NO3 reduction and K+, Mg2+, SO4**2-, CO2, Fe2+,3+ transport. The analytical data were evaluated with multi variate statistical methods.
    Keywords: Ammonium; Ammonium, standard deviation; Bicarbonate ion; Bicarbonate ion, standard deviation; Boksee; Carbon dioxide, dissolved; Carbon dioxide, standard deviation; Conductivity; Conductivity, standard deviation; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Elevation of event; Event label; EXP; Experiment; Latitude of event; Longitude of event; Method comment; Nitrate; Nitrate, standard deviation; Oxidation reduction (RedOx) potential; Oxidation reduction (RedOx) potential, standard deviation; pH; Potassium permanganate, consumption; Potassium permanganate, consumption, standard deviation; Sample amount; Sample comment; Schleswig-Holstein, Germany; SegebergerForst; Soil composition; Soil horizon; Sulfate; Sulfate, standard deviation; Total dissolved solids; Total dissolved solids, standard deviation
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 639 data points
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2007-03-01
    Print ISSN: 0361-5995
    Electronic ISSN: 1435-0661
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Wiley
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 1996-09-01
    Print ISSN: 1430-483X
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-1165
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Published by Springer
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  • 8
  • 9
    Publication Date: 2011-03-29
    Print ISSN: 1431-2174
    Electronic ISSN: 1435-0157
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Springer
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2003-01-16
    Print ISSN: 1431-2174
    Electronic ISSN: 1435-0157
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Springer
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