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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Chemistry of materials 2 (1990), S. 645-647 
    ISSN: 1520-5002
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 100 (1978), S. 2834-2837 
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Analytical chemistry 36 (1964), S. 2373-2373 
    ISSN: 1520-6882
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 72 (1992), S. 3705-3707 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Optical absorption of the polar material PbTiO3 has been studied up to 35 GPa (350 kbar) in the visible range of wavelengths using a single crystal samples compressed in a diamond anvil high pressure cell. The absorption edge shifts toward lower energies with increasing pressure. Pressure dependence of the absorption edge undergoes significant changes at about 11.5±0.3 GPa, close to the previously identified tetragonal-cubic phase transition. The change in pressure dependence of the spectra is consistent with second-order character of the transition.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 78 (1995), S. 1171-1177 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Tin-modified lead zirconate titanate thin layers were prepared by a sol-gel method. A room- temperature antiferroelectric (AFE) phase composition Pb0.99Nb0.02[(Zr0.58Sn0.42)0.96Ti0.04] 0.98O3 was prepared and examined for weak- and high-field dielectric properties as a function of temperature, with emphasis on field-induced AFE-ferroelectric (FE) switching characteristics. Thin layers processed with a lead oxide cover coat were found to be free of any secondary phases and showed improved properties. Room-temperature values of dielectric constant K'=390 and saturation polarization Ps=20 μC/cm2 were obtained with field-induced strains up to 0.15% in submicron grain structures. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 75 (1994), S. 442-448 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The piezoelectric properties of ferroelectric and antiferroelectric thin layers were investigated by interferometry as a function of frequency and dc electric bias. Materials included: a ferroelectric lead zirconate titanate (PZT) with a Zr/Ti ratio of 53/47; a relaxor ferroelectric La-modified PZT with a Zr/Ti ratio of 70/30 and a La content of 7.8 at. %; and antiferroelectric lead zirconate. The hysteretic behavior of the piezoelectric coefficient due to polarization reversal was also studied. The layers were prepared by a sol-gel method, and were found to have properties similar to bulk ceramics. Significant strain levels could be achieved in the materials due to the relatively high electric strengths supported in thin-layer form. Polarization was found to be completely switchable between forward and reverse directions; however, the strain levels generated by switching were found to be inequivalent. In addition, pronounced piezoelectric relaxations and strong piezoelectric losses were observed.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 74 (1993), S. 6603-6608 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Brillouin light scattering was used to obtain elastic and piezoelectric constants for a single domain orthorhombic KNbO3 single crystal at room temperature and pressure. More than 320 measurements of longitudinal and transverse acoustic wave velocities were obtained in 160 different crystallographic directions. An inversion of these data using the literature values for the dielectric permittivity of KNbO3 resulted in the full set of elastic and piezoelectric constants for the material. It is suggested that the difference between piezoelectric constants obtained by high- and low-frequency methods could be explained by the high-frequency relaxation-type dispersion for the dielectric constant ε33 in the GHz region by analogy with BaTiO3. The directional dependence of electromechanical coupling for longitudinal and transverse acoustic waves in KNbO3 was analyzed. The obtained elastic constants were (in GPa): CE11=224(4), CE22=273(5), CE33=245(5), CE44=75(1), CE55=28.5(5), CE66=95(2), CE12=102(5), CE13=182(10), CE23=130(6), where E denotes constant electric field strength.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 74 (1993), S. 7454-7460 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In this study a systematic microstructural characterization of La-modified lead zirconate titanate was carried out by hot- and cold-stage transmission electron microscopy and selected area electron diffraction. The existence of 1/2[111] superlattice reflections (F spots) became evident near 300 °C on cooling. The intensity of the F spots was found to increase with decreasing temperature, approaching a near constant intensity below 100 °C. In conjunction with compositional studies, it was proposed that the F spots arise from a doubling of the unit cell associated with a tilting of oxygen octahedra. The presence of F spots at temperatures approaching the onset of local polarization was then interpreted as the existence of a hierarchy of domain states. This hierarchy was proposed to consist of an average-cubic macroscopic structure containing rhombohedral micropolar regions on the scale of 50–100 A(ring) that contain ferroelastic microtwins on the scale of several tens of angstroms.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 74 (1993), S. 3406-3413 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The temperature dependence of phase stability for tin-modified lead zirconate titanate solid solution ceramics Pb(0.98)Nb0.02[(Zr1−x, Snx)1−yTiy]1−zO3 (PZST) was investigated by hot-stage transmission electron microscopy. Compositions studied included, a material that was antiferroelectric (AFE) at room temperature with x=0.42 and y=0.04, and a material that was ferroelectric (FE) at room temperature with x=0.43 and y=0.08 (abbreviated as PZST 42/4/2 and 43/8/2, respectively). PZST 42/4/2 was found to exhibit a sequence of phase transformations on heating of AFE–multicell cubic (MCC)–simple cubic (SC), whereas PZST 43/8/2 had a sequence of FE-AFE-MCC-SC. Previously referred to F spots (i.e., 1/2[111] superlattice spots) were observed in all four phases. The diffraction intensities for the F spots decreased with increasing temperature, and eventually disappeared above 300 °C. Electron diffraction confirmed the presence of the MCC phase which was characterized by the existence of weak 1/2[110] superlattice spots in the temperature region between the AFE and SC phases. In each composition the AFE phase was characterized by arrays of one-dimensional antiphase domain boundaries and (1/x)[110] superlattice spots. The modulation wavelength for the superlattice spots was found to be a strong function of temperature and was incommensurate with the lattice. The thermal stability of phases in the crystalline solution PZST system is discussed in terms of the observed microstructural features.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 83 (1998), S. 2291-2296 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Stress development in thin layers of lead titanate prepared by sol-gel processing was monitored by in situ laser reflectance measurements. Layers were spin coated onto silicon substrates and thermally cycled to 500 °C. The shrinkage normal to the rigid substrate was determined by in situ ellipsometry. Changes that occurred on drying and firing, which related to densification and stress development, are reported. The observed changes were explained in terms of evaporation and solvent/polymeric network interactions at lower temperatures, and thermal expansion mismatch between the substrate and the coating after formation of the dense oxide. Crystallization into the perovskite structure occurred only in thicker or multideposited coatings, altering the state of stress from tensile, to progressively more compressive, on cooling. The importance of the choice of substrate material, deposition method and heat treatment conditions, in relation to stress development and dependent electrical properties, are discussed. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
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