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  • 1
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    Back pain in space and post-flight spine injury: Mechanisms and countermeasure development (2013)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-05-01
    Print ISSN: 0094-5765
    Electronic ISSN: 1879-2030
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Elsevier
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 2
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    Development of exercise devices to minimize musculoskeletal and cardiovascular deconditioning in microgravity (1991)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: The paper describes three exercise devices, developed at the NASA-Ames Research Center, for maintaining musculoskeletal and cardiovascular fitness in astronauts during extended space flights. These devices represent the following exercise concepts: (1) exercise against LBNP, (2) instrumented dynamic interlimb resistance, and (3) multiple resistive exercise. The three devices complement each other to provide the aerobic and strength training exercises for different situations. All three devices permit eccentric, concentric, and isometric contractions for a variety of exercises.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: Physiologist, Supplement (ISSN 0031-9376); 34; 1, Fe; S-189
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Dynamic inter-limb resistance exercise device for long-duration space flight (1991)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: Essential for fitness on Earth, resistive exercise is even more important for astronauts, who must maintain muscle and bone strength in the absence of gravity. To meet this need, designers and scientists at NASA Ames Research Center, Life Science Division, have worked to develop more effective exercise devices for long-duration exposure to microgravity. One of these concepts is the Inter-Limb Resistance Device which allows the subject to exercise one limb directly against another, strengthening muscle groups in the arms, legs, and back. It features a modular harness with an inelastic cable and instrumented pulley. Forces similar to other high resistance exercise equipment are generated. Sensors in the pulley measure force and velocity for performance feedback display and data acquisition. This free-floating apparatus avoids vibration of sensitive experiments on board spacecraft. Compact with low mass, this hardware is also well suited for a 'safe haven' from radiation on board Space Station Freedom, and may prove useful in confined environments on Earth, such as Antarctic stations, submarines, and other underwater habitats. Potential spin-offs of this technology include products for personal strengthening and cardiovascular conditioning, rehabilitation of hospital patients, fitness exercise for the disabled, and retraining after sports injuries.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: NASA, Washington, Technology 2001: The Second National Technology Transfer Conference and Exposition, Volume 2; p 533-537
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    Mechanism of Headward Fluid Shift During Exposure To Microgravity (1994)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: A prominent feature of early cardiovascular adaptation to the microgravity of space flight is a shift of blood and tissue fluid from the lower body to the upper body. Symptoms of this fluid shift include facial edema, nasal congestion, and headache. Normally on Earth, the human body is exposed to hydrostatic (gravitational) blood pressure gradients during upright posture. In this posture, mean arterial pressures at head, heart, and foot levels are approximately 70, 100, and 200 mm Hg, respectively. Theoretically, all hydrostatic pressures within arteries and veins are lost during exposure to microgravity so that mean arterial pressure in all regions of the body is uniform and approximately equal to that at heart level (100 mm Hg). Acute studies of 60 head-down tilt (simulated microgravity on Earth) indicate that facial edema is caused by: 1) elevation of capillary blood pressure from 28 to 34 mm Hg, 2) reduction of blood colloid osmotic pressure 22 to 18 mm Hg, and 3) 50% increase of blood perfusion in tissues of the head. Furthermore, as compared to microvasculature in the feet, microvessels of the head have a low capacity to constrict and diminish local perfusion. Elevation of blood and tissue fluid pressures/flow in the head may also explain the higher headward bone density associated with long-term head-down tilt. These mechanistic studies of head-down tilt, along with a better understanding of the relative stresses involved with upright posture and lower body negative pressure, have facilitated development of physiologic countermeasures to maintain astronaut health during microgravity. Presently no exercise hardware is available to provide a blood pressure gradient from head to feet in space. However, recent studies in our laboratory suggest that treadmill exercise within lower body negative pressure provides equivalent or greater physiologic stress as compared to similar upright exercise on Earth.
    Keywords: Aerospace Medicine
    Type: 2nd International Congress of Pathophysiology; Nov 19, 1994 - Nov 24, 1994; Kyoto; Japan
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 5
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    TPS Inspection and Repair (2012)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Dr. Scott Parazynski provided a retrospective on the EVA tools and procedures efforts NASA went through in the aftermath of Columbia for the Shuttle Thermal Protection System (TPS) inspection and repair. He describes his role as the lead astronaut on this effort, and covered all of the Neutral Buoyancy Lab (NBL), KC 135 (reduced gravity aircraft), Precision Air Bearing Floor (PABF), vacuum chamber and 1 G testing that was done in order to develop the tools and techniques that were flown. Parazynski also discusses how the EVA community worked together to resolve a huge safety issue, and how his work in the spacesuit was critical to overcoming a design limitation of the Space Shuttle.
    Keywords: Space Processing
    Type: JSC-CN-27118 , JSC Engineering Academy; Nov 20, 2012; Houston, TX; United States
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 6
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    EVA Physiology and Medical Considerations Working in the Suit (2012)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: This "EVA Physiology and Medical Considerations Working in the Suit" presentation covers several topics related to the medical implications and physiological effects of suited operations in space from the perspective of a physician with considerable first-hand Extravehicular Activity (EVA) experience. Key themes include EVA physiology working in a pressure suit in the vacuum of space, basic EVA life support and work support, Thermal Protection System (TPS) inspections and repairs, and discussions of the physical challenges of an EVA. Parazynski covers the common injuries and significant risks during EVAs, as well as physical training required to prepare for EVAs. He also shares overall suit physiological and medical knowledge with the next generation of Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU) system designers.
    Keywords: Aerospace Medicine
    Type: JSC-CN-26589 , JSC Engineering Academy; Nov 15, 2012; Houston, TX; United States
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 7
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    EVA Development and Verification Testing at NASA's Neutral Buoyancy Laboratory (2012)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: As an early step in the preparation for future Extravehicular Activities (EVAs), astronauts perform neutral buoyancy testing to develop and verify EVA hardware and operations. Neutral buoyancy demonstrations at NASA Johnson Space Center's Sonny Carter Training Facility to date have primarily evaluated assembly and maintenance tasks associated with several elements of the International Space Station (ISS). With the retirement of the Shuttle, completion of ISS assembly, and introduction of commercial players for human transportation to space, evaluations at the Neutral Buoyancy Laboratory (NBL) will take on a new focus. Test objectives are selected for their criticality, lack of previous testing, or design changes that justify retesting. Assembly tasks investigated are performed using procedures developed by the flight hardware providers and the Mission Operations Directorate (MOD). Orbital Replacement Unit (ORU) maintenance tasks are performed using a more systematic set of procedures, EVA Concept of Operations for the International Space Station (JSC-33408), also developed by the MOD. This paper describes the requirements and process for performing a neutral buoyancy test, including typical hardware and support equipment requirements, personnel and administrative resource requirements, examples of ISS systems and operations that are evaluated, and typical operational objectives that are evaluated.
    Keywords: Man/System Technology and Life Support
    Type: JSC-CN-26179 , 42nd International Conference on Environmental Systems (ICES); Jul 15, 2012 - Jul 19, 2012; San Diego, CA; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 8
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    Apparatus and Methods for Fluid Storage and Delivery (2014)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: An apparatus and method for storing and delivering fluid to a person comprises, in at least one specific embodiment, a fluid reservoir having an internal volume therein with an opening disposed through a first wall or a second wall of the fluid reservoir and located toward a first end of the fluid reservoir. A first portion of a tube can be exterior to the fluid reservoir and a second portion of the tube can be disposed through the opening and within the internal volume. At least one insulation layer can be disposed about the exterior of the first wall of the fluid reservoir. The second wall of the fluid reservoir can be configured for transferring heat from or to the internal volume or from the person. At least one baffle is disposed within the internal volume and connected to the first wall and the second wall of the fluid reservoir.
    Keywords: Man/System Technology and Life Support
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 9
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    Muscle changes with eccentric exercise: Implications on earth and in space (1989)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Recent investigations of fluid pressure, morpholo gy, and enzyme activities of skeletal muscle exercised eccentrically or concentrically in normal human subjects are reviewed. Intramuscular pressures were measured before, during, and after submaximal exercise and correlated with subjective muscle soreness, fiber size, water content, and blood indices of muscle enzymes. High intensity eccentric exercise is characterized by post exercise pain, elevated intramuscular pressures, and swelling of both type 1 and 2 fibers as compared to concentric exercise. Thus, long periods of unaccustomed, high level eccentric contraction may cause muscle injury, fiber swelling, fluid accumulation, elevated intramuscular pressure, and delayed muscle soreness. Training regimens of progressively increasing eccentric exercise, however, cause less soreness and are extremely efficacious in increasing muscle mass and strength. It is proposed that on Earth, postural muscles are uniquely adapted to low levels of prolonged eccentric contraction that are absent during weightlessness. The almost complete absence of eccentric exercise in space may be an important contributor to muscle atrophy and therefore equipment should be designed to integrate eccentric contractions into exercise protocols for long-term spaceflight.
    Keywords: AEROSPACE MEDICINE
    Type: NASA-TM-102227 , A-89224 , NAS 1.15:102227 , International Society for Myochemistry Meeting; Oct 12, 1989 - Oct 14, 1989; Nice; France
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 10
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    Development of Sub-optimal Airway Protocols for the International Space Station (ISS) by the Medical Operation Support Team (MOST) (2007)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Airway management techniques are necessary to establish and maintain a patent airway while treating a patient undergoing respiratory distress. There are situations where such settings are suboptimal, thus causing the caregiver to adapt to these suboptimal conditions. Such occurrences are no exception aboard the International Space Station (ISS). As a result, the NASA flight surgeon (FS) and NASA astronaut cohorts must be ready to adapt their optimal airway management techniques for suboptimal situations. Based on previous work conducted by the Medical Operation Support Team (MOST) and other investigators, the MOST had members of both the FS and astronaut cohorts evaluate two oral airway insertion techniques for the Intubating Laryngeal Mask Airway (ILMA) to determine whether either technique is sufficient to perform in suboptimal conditions within a microgravity environment. Methods All experiments were conducted in a simulated microgravity environment provided by parabolic flight aboard DC-9 aircraft. Each participant acted as a caregiver and was directed to attempt both suboptimal ILMA insertion techniques following a preflight instruction session on the day of the flight and a demonstration of the technique by an anesthesiologist physician in the simulated microgravity environment aboard the aircraft. Results Fourteen participants conducted 46 trials of the suboptimal ILMA insertion techniques. Overall, 43 of 46 trials (94%) conducted were properly performed based on criteria developed by the MOST and other investigators. Discussion The study demonstrated the use of airway management techniques in suboptimal conditions relating to space flight. Use of these techniques will provide a crew with options for using the ILMA to manage airway issues aboard the ISS. Although it is understood that the optimal method for patient care during space flight is to have both patient and caregiver restrained, these techniques provide a needed backup should conditions not present themselves in an ideal manner.
    Keywords: Aerospace Medicine
    Type: ASMA 78th Aerospace Medical Association Annual Conference; May 13, 2007 - May 17, 2007; New Orleans, LA; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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