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  • 1
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    Acoustic interference and recognition space within a complex assemblage of dendrobatid frogs [Evolution] (2011)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-10-12
    Description: In species-rich assemblages of acoustically communicating animals, heterospecific sounds may constrain not only the evolution of signal traits but also the much less-studied signal-processing mechanisms that define the recognition space of a signal. To test the hypothesis that the recognition space is optimally designed, i.e., that it is narrower toward the species that represent the higher potential for acoustic interference, we studied an acoustic assemblage of 10 diurnally active frog species. We characterized their calls, estimated pairwise correlations in calling activity, and, to model the recognition spaces of five species, conducted playback experiments with 577 synthetic signals on 531 males. Acoustic co-occurrence was not related to multivariate distance in call parameters, suggesting a minor role for spectral or temporal segregation among species uttering similar calls. In most cases, the recognition space overlapped but was greater than the signal space, indicating that signal-processing traits do not act as strictly matched filters against sounds other than homospecific calls. Indeed, the range of the recognition space was strongly predicted by the acoustic distance to neighboring species in the signal space. Thus, our data provide compelling evidence of a role of heterospecific calls in evolutionarily shaping the frogs' recognition space within a complex acoustic assemblage without obvious concomitant effects on the signal.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 2
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    Ultimate permeation across atomically thin porous graphene (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-04-20
    Description: A two-dimensional (2D) porous layer can make an ideal membrane for separation of chemical mixtures because its infinitesimal thickness promises ultimate permeation. Graphene--with great mechanical strength, chemical stability, and inherent impermeability--offers a unique 2D system with which to realize this membrane and study the mass transport, if perforated precisely. We report highly efficient mass transfer across physically perforated double-layer graphene, having up to a few million pores with narrowly distributed diameters between less than 10 nanometers and 1 micrometer. The measured transport rates are in agreement with predictions of 2D transport theories. Attributed to its atomic thicknesses, these porous graphene membranes show permeances of gas, liquid, and water vapor far in excess of those shown by finite-thickness membranes, highlighting the ultimate permeation these 2D membranes can provide.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Celebi, Kemal -- Buchheim, Jakob -- Wyss, Roman M -- Droudian, Amirhossein -- Gasser, Patrick -- Shorubalko, Ivan -- Kye, Jeong-Il -- Lee, Changho -- Park, Hyung Gyu -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Apr 18;344(6181):289-92. doi: 10.1126/science.1249097.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Nanoscience for Energy Technology and Sustainability, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 3, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24744372" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Blood Pressure and Atmospheric Pressure (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 783 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1996.tb26737.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of adsorbed fluoride ions on the dissolution of synthetic hydroxyapatite (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 6 (1995), S. 105-109 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: The dissolution kinetics at 37°C and for constant pH values of 5.0 and 6.0 are studied for calcium hydroxyapatite (HAp) equilibrated at pH 7.0 in the presence of 1 or 10 ppm of F-. Experiments are realized using an automatic setup which allows a continuous record of proton uptake and calcium or fluoride activities in solution using specific electrodes. It is shown that the presence of fluoride ions affects the dissolution kinetics in two ways. Their presence at the HAp interface reduces the final solubility of HAp, but accelerates the initial dissolution rates. Both observations are fully interpreted using the HAp dissolution model recently developed. According to this model, apatite dissolution is auto-inhibited by the adsorption at the solid interface of calcium ions forming a cationic semi-permeable layer. Adsorbed fluoride ions interact with this natural cationic layer, decrease its ionic capacity and accelerate the dissolution process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00120416
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Exposure to mercury vapor during setting, removing, and polishing amalgam restorations (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 24 (1990), S. 1551-1558 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: The level of mercury vapors in the oral cavity was determined by analyzing 242 samples of intra-oral air before and after removing, setting, and polishing dental amalgam. The analysis was effected using atomic absorption spectrometry in cold vapors with the detection limit of 6 μg/m3. A score of 1 to 3 was assigned to each restoration to adjust the differences of the amalgam sizes. The present study showed that the vapor was released during any procedure: removing, setting, and polishing amalgam. The mean levels were between 85 and 326 μg/m3. However, before the restorative procedures, no mercury vapors had been detected in the oral cavity. This investigation has also demonstrated a significant direct correlation between Hg vapor concentrations in intra-oral air and the sizes of amalgam restorations during each procedure: removing, setting, and polishing. The statistic analysis showed no significant difference of mercury vapors in the oral cavity between the use or nonuse of water coolant during the amalgam polishing.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820241110
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  • 6
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    Soil animals alter plant litter diversity effects on decomposition (2005)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-01-25
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 7
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    The use of the land suitability rating system to assess climate change impacts on corn production in the lower Fraser Valley of British Columbia (2016)
    Canadian Science Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-01
    Description: The land suitability rating system (LSRS) is a spatial modeling tool that generates a class rating for parcels of land for specific agricultural crops based on a soil–climate–landscape potential. We applied the LSRS module for corn suitability to the agricultural portion of the lower Fraser Valley of British Columbia (BC). We used data from six UN-IPCC AR4 projections covering a range of cold to hot and wet to dry scenarios for the time periods 2010–2039, 2040–2069, and 2070–2099 to assess the impacts of climate change on corn production. To obtain satisfactory spatial results, we linked high-resolution (400 m grid) monthly temperature and precipitation values to the individual polygons of a detailed (1 : 25 000 scale) soil map available for the study area. Of the six future climate scenarios evaluated, the Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS_EH-A1B/3) yielded the most favourable results whereby land suitability for corn without irrigation remained relatively stable through the 21st century. Conversely, the Hadley Centre Global Environmental Model (HadGEM-A1B/1) projected a large drop in land suitabililty for corn due to increased climatic and soil moisture deficits. The wide range of climate scenario inputs generated a similarly wide range of LSRS ratings. Most scenarios generated positive impacts for land suitability up to mid-century but negative impacts by late century. Overall, increased heat and aridity will produce earlier harvest dates for corn and likely mean significant changes to the types and timing of crop management practices in the region.
    Print ISSN: 0008-4271
    Electronic ISSN: 1918-1841
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Canadian Science Publishing
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  • 8
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    Local Tuning of Conductivity in Amorphous Titanium Oxide Films by Selective Electron Beam Irradiation (2007)
    American Chemical Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-08-29
    Print ISSN: 1932-7447
    Electronic ISSN: 1932-7455
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by American Chemical Society
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  • 9
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    Behaviour of geochronometers and timing of metamorphic reactions during deformation at lower crustal conditions: Phase equilibrium modelling and U-Pb dating of zircon, monazite, rutile and titanite from the Kalak Nappe Complex, northern Norway (2015)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-04-01
    Description: This study investigates the behaviour of the geochronometers zircon, monazite, rutile and titanite in polyphase lower crustal rocks of the Kalak Nappe Complex, Northern Norway. A pressure-temperature-time-deformation path is constructed by combining microstructural observations with P-T conditions derived from phase equilibrium modelling and U-Pb dating. The following tectonometamorphic evolution is deduced: A subvertical S1 fabric formed at ~730-775°C and ~6.3-9.8 kbar, above the wet solidus in the sillimanite and kyanite stability fields. The event is dated at 702±5 Ma by high-U zircon in a leucosome. Monazite grains that grew in the S1 fabric show surprisingly little variation in chemical composition compared to a large spread in (concordant) U-Pb dates from c . 800 to 600 Ma. This age spread could either represent protracted growth of monazite during high-grade metamorphism, or represent partially reset ages due to high-temperature diffusion. Both cases imply that elevated temperatures of 〉600°C persisted for over c . 200 Ma, indicating relatively static conditions at lower crustal levels for most of the Neoproterozoic. The S1 fabric was overprinted by a subhorizontal S2 fabric, which formed at ~600-660°C and ~10-12 kbar. Rutile that originally grew during the S1-forming event lost its Zr-in-rutile and U-Pb signatures during the S2-forming event. It records Zr-in-rutile temperatures of 550-660°C and Caledonian ages of 440-420 Ma. Titanite grew at the expense of rutile at slightly lower temperatures of ~550°C during ongoing S2 deformation; U-Pb ages of c . 440-430 Ma date its crystallization, giving a minimum estimate for the age of Caledonian metamorphism and the duration of Caledonian shearing. This study shows that (1) monazite can have a large spread in U-Pb dates despite a homogenous composition, (2) rutile may lose its Zr-in-rutile and U-Pb signature during an amphibolite facies overprint, and (3) titanite may record crystallization ages during retrograde shearing. Therefore, in order to correctly interpret U-Pb ages from different geochronometers in a polyphase deformation and reaction history, they are ideally combined with microstructural observations and phase equilibrium modelling to derive a complete P-T-t-d path. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
    Print ISSN: 0263-4929
    Electronic ISSN: 1525-1314
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Wiley
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  • 10
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    THE PORE STRUCTURE OF COMPACTED AND PARTLY SATURATED MX-80 BENTONITE AT DIFFERENT DRY DENSITIES (2014)
    Clay Minerals Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-23
    Description: Compacted MX-80 bentonite is a potential backfill material in radioactive-waste repositories. Pore space in MX-80 has been the subject of considerable debate. 3D reconstructions of the pore space based on tomographic methods could provide new insights into the nature of the pore space of compacted bentonites. To date, few such reconstructions have been done because of problems with the preparation of bentonite samples for electron microscopy. The nanoscale intergranular pore space was investigated here by cryo-Focused Ion Beam nanotomography (FIB-nt) applied to previously high-pressure frozen MX-80 bentonite samples. This approach allowed a tomographic investigation of the in situ microstructure related to different dry densities (1.24, 1.46, and 1.67 g/cm 3 ). The FIB-nt technique is able to resolve intergranular pores with radii 〉10 nm. With increasing dry density (1.24–1.67 g/cm 3 ) the intergranular porosity (〉10 nm) decreased from ~5 vol.% to 0.1 vol.%. At dry densities of 1.24 and 1.46 g/cm 3 , intergranular pores were filled with clay aggregates, which formed a mesh-like structure, similar to the honeycomb structure observed in diagenetic smectite. Unlike ‘typical’ clay gels, the cores of the honeycomb structure were not filled with pure water, but instead were filled with a less dense material which presumably consists of very fine clay similar to a colloid. In the low-density sample this honeycomb-structured material partly filled the intergranular pore space but some open pores were also present. In the 1.46 g/cm 3 sample, the material filled the intergranular pores almost completely. At the highest densities investigated (1.67 g/cm 3 ), the honeycomb-structured material was not present, probably because of the lack of intergranular pores which suppressed the formation of the honeycomb framework or skeleton consisting of clay aggregates.
    Print ISSN: 0009-8604
    Electronic ISSN: 1552-8367
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Clay Minerals Society
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