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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 98 (1994), S. 10180-10188 
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical chemistry accounts 2 (1964), S. 40-54 
    ISSN: 1432-2234
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract The electronic structure and spectra of fluoroacetylene and chloroacétylène have been studied by a matricial method of LCAO SCF MO type where the monoelectronic functions are Löwdin'S orthogonalized orbitals. The charge transfer from the halogen to the π system is equal to about 0,04 2p electron for fluorine and to 0,08 3p electron for chlorine. A bathochromic effect and an increase of the oscillator strength with the halogen electronegativity decreasing have been found for the π-π transition at 1850 Å; from the theoretical results it is possible to identify the transition of lower energy as a π-σ ⋆ transition whose oscillator strength varies the other way than that of the π-π transition.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Struktur und Elektronenspektren von Fluor- und Chloracetylen wurden mit Hilfe einer Matrizenmethode vom LCAO-SCF-MO-Typ untersucht, wobei die Einelektronenfunktionen nach Löwdin orthogonalisiert wurden. Der Ladungsübergang vom Halogen zum π-System entspricht etwa 0,04 2p-Elektronen bei Fluor und 0,08 3p-Elektronen bei Chlor. Für den π-π-Übergang um 1850 Å wird für abnehmende Elektronegativität des Halogens eine bathochrome Verschiebung und eine Zunahme der Oscillatorenstärke gefunden. Das erlaubt, die längerwellige Bande einem π-σ ⋆-Übergang zuzuordnen, dessen Oscillatorenstärke sich in entgegengesetzter Richtung ändert.
    Notes: Résumé La structure et le spectre électronique du fluoroacétylène et du chloroacétylène ont été étudiés à l'aide d'une méthode matricielle du type LCAO SCF MO où les fonctions monoélectroniques sont des orbitales orthogonalisées de Löwdin. Le transfert de charge de l'halogène au système π est d'environ 0,04 électron 2p pour le fluor et 0,08 électron 3p pour le chlore. L'étude des transitions électroniques indique pour la transition du type π-π située vers 1850 Å un effet bathochrome et une augmentation de la force oscillatrice lorsque l'électronégativité de l'halogène décroît. Ceci permet d'identifier la transition située vers de plus grandes longueurs d'onde avec une transition π-σ ⋆ dont la force oscillatrice varie en sens inverse de celle de la transition π-π.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Catalysis letters 51 (1998), S. 219-222 
    ISSN: 1572-879X
    Keywords: hydrolysis ; alkyl glycosides ; zeolites ; stereoelectronic effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Hydrolysis of methyl α- and β-D-glucopyranosides was performed in the presence of protonic-form zeolites such as a dealuminated Y-faujasite with a Si/Al ratio of 15, at temperatures ranging between 100 and 150°C, and in water as the solvent. The β/α ratio for the hydrolysis reaction rates was found to be equal to 5–6, whereas a ratio of 2–3 was reported in the literature for the homogeneous reaction. The observed higher β/α ratio is proposed to result from the reinforcement of stereoelectronic effects which were shown to apply in reactions taking place on the surface of a solid. Those effects operate in a classical manner on a molecular standpoint, but they are reinforced due to the favorable interaction of oxygen electron lone pairs with the electron-deficient species present on the surface of the solid, protonic species in the case of zeolites.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1572-879X
    Keywords: Ruff degradation ; carbohydrates ; oxidative degradation ; hydrogen peroxide ; microporous titanium‐containing molecular sieves
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Ti‐BEA and Ti‐FAU, obtained by post‐synthesis treatment, and TS‐1, obtained by direct hydrothermal synthesis, have been tested as catalysts for the Ruff oxidative degradation of calcium d‐gluconate to d‐arabinose using diluted hydrogen peroxide as oxidant. Only large‐pore zeolites Ti‐BEA and Ti‐FAU were found to be active. It was shown, in particular, that a very rapid leaching of titanium occurred and that the titanium species present in the solution were responsible for the catalytic activity observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1572-879X
    Keywords: n‐butanethiol ; n‐butanol ; carbon disulfide ; chromia on alumina catalysts ; thiolation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The vapour‐phase reaction of n‐butanol and carbon disulfide was performed in a fixed‐bed flow reactor in the presence of a potassium‐carbonate‐promoted chromia on γ‐alumina catalyst, namely G41P from Girdler. A high selectivity to n‐butanethiol (85%) was obtained at 250°C with a 1 : 1 n‐butanol : carbon disulfide molar ratio, a contact time of 6 s and a flow rate of 0.03 ml/min. Under these conditions no isomeric mercaptans were obtained. The amount of secondary products, di‐n‐butyl sulfide and di‐n‐butyl disulfide, is relatively low and decreases with decrease of n‐butanol conversion. However, the catalyst was shown to deactivate relatively rapidly.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1572-879X
    Keywords: Ruthenium ; bimetallics ; hydrogenation ; unsaturated aldehydes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The gas phase hydrogenation of acrolein, 2-methyl-2-propenal, 2-butenal and 3-methyl-2-butenal was studied on Ru/Al2O3 and RuM/Al2O3 catalysts (M=Sn, Fe, Zn, Ge, Sb). The specific activity increases when the second element is added to the parent Ru/Al2O3 catalyst. This was ascribed to the activation of the C=O bond by Mδ+ species. Tin is the only additive which promotes the allyl alcohol selectivity. When methyl groups are tagged on the C=C bond the selectivity to the unsaturated alcohol increased sharply due to the steric hindrance against the adsorption of the substrate via the C=C double bond.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mycopathologia 37 (1969), S. 33-38 
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Chrysosporium keratinophilum var.denticolum is distinct from the type by its catenate spores and its substrate. The genesis of the aleuriospores has been specially studied.
    Notes: Résumé LeChrysosporium keratinophilum var.denticolum diffère du type par ses spores caténées et son habitat. La formation des aleuriospores a été particulièrement étudiée.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mycopathologia 25 (1965), S. 223-236 
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Resumé LePhialophora cinerescens peut se développer et sporuler: —sur des substances glucidiques normalement présentes dans les membranes cellulaires de l'hôte: (cellulose, gomme arabique, arabinose, xylose, galactose). —sur les glucides de réserve des plantes et leurs produits d'hydrolyse (amidon, maltose, raffinose, fructose). —en outre sur l'inuline et l'agar agar considérés, dans ces essais, comme sources de carbone. Les activités cellulolytique, amylolytique et gommolytique du Champignon sont mises en évidence “in vitro” or, cette dernière activité notamment peut aider la croissance du parasite dans une maladie dont le symptôme le plus caractéristique est une très abondante gommose vasculaire. LeP. sécrète une inulase; on peut donc penser que les fructosido-saccharoses qu'il condense s'apparentent à l'inuline. N'ayant aucune exigence “in vitro” quant à son alimentation azotée (nitrate) il sait s'adapter à toutes les sources de carbone qui lui sont proposées: il peut donc vivre et sporuler aisément dans les vaisseaux du xylème aux seuls dépens de la sève brute et des parois vasculaires. Il peut aussi utiliser les substances de réserves des parenchymes ligneux et médullaires. Or nous avons déjà décrit, dans l'Oeillet, ces 2 phases de développement. La spécificité de son parasitisme sur Oeillet et sur Caryophyllacées voisines doit être recherchée ailleurs.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Topics in catalysis 13 (2000), S. 269-274 
    ISSN: 1572-9028
    Keywords: Friedel–Crafts ; hydroxyalkylation ; etherification ; chloral ; aromatics ; zeolites
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Hydroxyalkylation of activated carbocyclic aromatic compounds (phenol, anisole and toluene) by a deactivated carbonyl compound such as chloral has been performed in a batch mode in the presence of different dealuminated protonic zeolites (Y-FAU, MOR, MFI and BEA). A high selectivity to the corresponding carbinols is achieved in the presence of a HBEA zeolite with a Si/Al ratio of 12.5, at 293 K. Under these reaction conditions, a high selectivity to the para isomer is obtained. Other parameters, influencing both the course of the reaction and the selectivity to the para and ortho carbinols, such as temperature, catalyst weight, Si/Al ratio, zeolite structure and substituent effects are also discussed. Finally, a study of the relative reactivities of a series of substituted arylcarbinols in the etherification reaction shows a strong influence of the electronic properties of these substituents on their stabilities. Thus, it has been shown that the presence of electron-donating groups on the carbonyl compound has to be avoided to succeed in the hydroxyalkylation reaction.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The NMR spectra of syn-anti oxime isomers have been studied. A relationship between the magnitude of the α- protons' chemical shifts and the dihedral angle formed by the α C—H bond and the =N—OH plane has been discussed. A correlation curve Δδ = f (dihedral angle) has been determined from sterically rigid models and used to evaluate the conformation of cyclic molecules, the geometry of which has not yet been studied. The geometry of the oxime is similar to the ketone, with the exception of sterically crowded models.
    Notes: L'étude RMN des systèmes syn-anti d'oximes cyclaniques figés nous a permis de mettre en évidence une relation entre le déplacement chimique d'un proton voisin du groupement hydroximino et l'angle dièdre constitué par la liaison C—H du carbone en α de la fonction et le plan constitué par le groupe N—OH. La correlation Δδ = f (angle dièdre), établie par l'étude de modèles conformationnellement connus permet alors d'évaluer les angles dièdres de molécules cycliques dont l'étude géométrique n'avait pas été faite. La géométrie de l'oxime reste identique à celle de la cétone, sauf, toutefois, dans le cas de modèles stériquement encombrés.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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