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  • 1
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Biological aspects of terrestrial oil spills : USA CRREL oil research in Alaska, 1970-1974 ; [Final Report] (1975)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
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    Call number: ZSP-202-346
    In: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, 346
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Abstract. - Preface. - USA CRREL project and personnel involvement. - Part I. Introduction. - Background. - Literature review. - Part II. CRREL investigations from 1970 - 1974. - Initial literature survey (1970). - Oil detection kit development. - Survey of Cape Simpson, Alaska, natural crude oil seepages (1970). - Haines-Fairbanks military pipeline investigations (1971-1973). - Barrow investigations (1970-1974). - Fairbanks and Fox investigations. - Germination studies. - Physiological studies. - Dispersant studies. - Microbiological investigations. - Field investigations of accidental petroleum losses. - Part III. Recent related literature. - Part IV. Conclusions and recommendations. - USA CRREL reports, publications and presentations on Alaska oil spill research. - Literature cited.
    Description / Table of Contents: Knowledge concerning the biological effects of oil pollution on arctic and subarctic terrestrial ecosystems is limited. USA CRREL research personnel conducted investigations from 1970 through 1974 to expand information in this field. Objectives were to: 1) define the ecosystems most sensitive to the presence of crude oil or its refined products, 2) quantify and understand the injury response, and 3) establish time frames for manifestation of damage and natural restorative processes in arctic and subarctic regions. This was accomplished through: 1) surveys of natural oil seepages and past accidential spills in the Arctic and Subarctic, 2) initiation of controlled oil spills and 3) detailed laboratory investigations. Results demonstrated that terrestrial oil spills will to some degree be detrimental to both arctic and subarctic plant communities. Degree and longevity of damage will be influenced primarily by the magnitude of the spill, season of occurrence and existing soil moisture content. Rapid recovery of plant communities subjected to spills will occur only if root systems remain relatively unaffected. Damage will be more extensive and long-term when root systems are saturated with oil. Effects of damage will be manifested gradually over several seasons being influenced by winter stresses. Variation does exist in plant species susceptibility. Carex aquatilis, a predominant sedge of the arctic, is markedly resistant to crude oil damage. In the taiga Picea mariana is very susceptible. Plant recovery can be enhanced through the application of fertilizer. Fertilization, in addition to its direct effect on plant nutrition, will stimulate microbial decomposition of crude oil.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: vii, 66 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory 346
    URL: https://apps.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA047365
    Language: English
    Location: AWI Archive
    Branch Library: AWI Library
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  • 2
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Chemical indicators of Arctic biological and environmental activities (1972)
    Hanover, NH : Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
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    Call number: ZSP-202-301
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Introduction. - 1.The flow of organic nutrients in plants in cold-dominated ecosystems and the influence of man's activities on this flow. - Methodology for extraction and estimation of plant lipids, alcohol and water-soluble carbohydrates, starch and fructans. - Seasonal cycles in lipids and alcohol-soluble carbohydrates in plants at Barrow, Alaska. - Biochemical changes in plants at the heated soil experiment at Barrow. - Literature cited. - II. Contributions of carbon dioxide from frozen soil into the arctic atmosphere. - Introduction. - Laboratory study. - Field study. - Conclusions. - Literature cited. - III. Biochemical estimations of underground plant biomass. - Appendix A. Methodology. - Abstract.
    Description / Table of Contents: Two approaches were used to study the carbon cycling in a cold-dominated ecosystem at Barrow, Alaska. One involved a detailed analysis of the flow of CO2 between the atmosphere, soil and biota and the other concentrated on the internal carbon cycling in plants. A pilot study was also conducted which investigated the possibility of estimating underground plant biomass by biochemical means. Both laboratory and field studies were conducted to analyze the input of CO2 to the arctic atmosphere by frozen tundra soils. Data are presented which indicate that frozen soil is a major source of CO2. It is hypothesized that CO2 trapped in soils during bi-directional freezing in the fall and winter is released during the spring thaw, thus producing a spring rise in CO2 content of the atmosphere. A procedure for the extraction and estimation of organic nutrients (lipids and carbohydrates) was developed and used to follow the seasonal cycle of these nutrients of plants obtained at Barrow, Alaska. No cycling in levels of carbohydrates (alcohol-soluble) was observed in the foliage during the season, however a definite cycling in lipid levels was seen for all the species studied. The species were synchronous. Plant survival and organic nutrient levels were followed during the winter over a heated-soil experiment at Barrow, Alaska. During the winter, the heating of the soil caused ponding which resulted in the elimination of Dupontia fischeri by mid-winter and the eventual death of all plants by spring. The carbohydrate levels indicated a starvation condition was created where a marked decrease in storage polymers (starch and fructans) occurred without a concurrent large increase in the alcohol-soluble carbohydrate levels. An increase in the fresh/dry weight ratios was also observed indicating etiolated, succulent growth in early winter. Four techniques were tried for estimating the below-ground biomass of plants. Two of these were eliminated as unsuitable, however two other methods(ATP and phospholipid-levels) remain to be fully evaluated.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iii, 26 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 301
    URL: http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/5973881
    Language: English
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of Temperature, Photoperiod and Several Growth Substances on the Cold Hardiness of Chrysanthemum morifolium Rhizomes (1978)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 44 (1978), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The effect of 14 combinations of photoperiod, soil and air temperature, and growth substance applications on the cold hardiness of Chrysanthemum morifolium‘Astrid’ rhizomes was evaluated. Both triphenyl tetrazolium chloride and regrowth tests were used to determine the viability of the cold-stressed rhizome tissues. The rhizomes exhibited different degrees of cold hardiness under these environmental conditions. A combination of short photoperiod and low air and soil temperatures induced maximum cold hardiness. Low soil temperature accompanied by long photoperiods and warm aerial temperatures did not induce rhizome hardening, while some hardening in cool soils was evident under either short photoperiods or low aerial temperatures. Warm soils reduced rhizome hardening under the normally inductive short photoperiod-cool aerial conditions. Since the induction of rhizome hardening was dependent on the induction of the aerial organs, the involvement of translocatable hardiness promoters is indicated. Foliar applications of low levels of gibberllic acid (GA3) or abscisic acid only slightly influenced rhizome hardiness.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1978.tb01616.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hormonal Changes Associated with Growth and Development of Red Raspberries (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 45 (1979), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Analysis for gibberellin-like substances (GA) and cytokinins in cold and non-cold treated fall-bearing and cold treated June-bearing cultivars of red raspberries (Rubus idaeus L.) was made at the 10 and 20 node stages of growth (at 10 nodes, all plants were vegetative; at 20 nodes, only cold treated plants of fall-bearing cultivars were flower induced).Quantitative changes in GAs, as analyzed by the lettuce hypocotyl bioassay, were observed only in flower induced plants. In fall-bearing cultivars at the 20 node stage of growth, there was a 100% greater activity in cold than non-cold treated plants. Likewise, cold treated plants had a 60% greater activity at the 20 than at the 10 node stage of growth.Major qualitative differences in GAs were observed between the 10 and 20 node stage of growth in cold treated fall-bearing cultivars but not in cold treated plants of June-bearing cultivars. Changes in compounds at Rf 0.3 and 0.5 accounted for 35 to 54% of the total increase in GA activity between flower induced and non-induced stages of growth.Cytokinin activity tested by the tobacco callus bioassay was greater at the 20 than at the 10 node stage of growth in all cultivars and treatments. However, cold treated plants of the fall-bearing type had 70% greater cytokinin activity than non-cold treated plants at both stages of growth.It is suggested that gibberellins, possibly acting synergistically with cytokinins, are involved inflower induction in red raspberries.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1979.tb01656.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Recovery of plants from leaf protoplasts of hybrid-poplar and aspen clones (1988)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 7 (1988), S. 59-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Leaf protoplasts were isolated from shoot cultures of two hybrid poplar clones (Populus alba × P. grandidentata ‘Crandon’, NC-5339 and P. nigra ‘Betulifolia’ × P. trichocarpa, NC-5331) and the Upright European Aspen (P. tremula ‘Erecta’) and were cultured in contact with screen discs floated in liquid medium. Protoplast culture was influenced by the growth medium of the source shoot cultures, the protoplast purification procedure, the plating density, and the presence or absence of a coconut water and casein hydrolysate supplement added to the culture medium. The protoplast-derived cells divided more quickly and with higher incidence than previously reported for hybrid poplars. Shoots were regenerated from the protoplast-derived calli and were maintained as shoot cultures. Plants were developed from microcuttings rooted ex vitro and were grown-on in the greenhouse and field.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00272979
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Techniques for enhanced release of leaf protoplasts in Populus (1986)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 5 (1986), S. 284-287 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Microscopic examination of Populus leaf tissue following enzyme treatment revealed two factors contributing to low protoplast yields: (1) poor penetration of the enzymes into the tissue, and (2) entrapment of protoplasts in leaf debris during protoplast purification procedures. A simple combination of rapid grinding of the tissue in an Omni-mixer prior to enzyme treatment and forceful washing of leaf-debris after digestion provided high exposure of the cells, uniform digestion, and high yields of protoplasts of two Populus clones. Protoplasts exhibited cell wall regeneration and long-term viability in culture. The relative yield advantages of the techniques varied with the inherent digestibility of each clone but could produce up to 600 percent greater protoplast yields in a woody plant species in which protoplast isolation was previously limited. The techniques were also applicable to an herbaceous species, Solanum etuberosum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00269823
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A survey of the response of Rhododendron to in vitro culture (1982)
    Springer
    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 2 (1982), S. 77-85 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Keywords: micropropagation ; Rhododendron ; azalea ; microculture ; in vitro culture ; tissue culture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The responses of 7 genotypes of Rhodendron to culture conditions and their establishment as shoot cultures are described. The genotypes represent a broad genetic diversity in the genus. After sterilization and an acclimation period of 3 to 12 months, all the selections were established as shoot cultures on Woody Plant Medium (WPM) supplemented with N6(-Δ2-isopenteny) adenine (2iP). Plants with strong episodic growth cycles required the longer acclimation periods. Utilizing shoots from these cultures, the response to a cytokinin series of 0 to 32 μM 2iP or BAP (6-Benzylaminopurine) was analyzed. BAP proved toxic to all but the elipidote and lepidote rhododendrons (R. mucronulatum, R. x ‘Boule de Neige’, and R. x ‘PJM’); however, even with these selections, 2iP stimulated greater shoot multiplication rates. The optimum 2iP level for shoot multiplication varied little with the genotype and levels of 4 to 16 μM generally proved optimal, depending on the specific selection. Adventitious shoot production was observed in 3 selections (R. canadense, R. x ‘Boule de Neige’ and R. x ‘PJM’), but only at 2iP levels above 8 μM. Shoot multiplication rates of 7 to 21 times were observed, depending on the selection. Using an average utilizable shoot production rate of 40 shoots per culture per 6 week subculture period, some 75,000 shoots can be generated per square meter of culture space per year. The harvested shoots (microcuttings) rooted readily out-of-culture and the resultant plants grew like seedlings.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00033555
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  • 8
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    Effect of nitrogen availability on the growth and phytochemistry of hybrid poplar and the efficacy of the Bacillus thuringiensis cry1A(a) d-endotoxin on gypsy moth (1998)
    Canadian Science Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0045-5067
    Electronic ISSN: 1208-6037
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Canadian Science Publishing
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  • 9
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    Effect of nitrogen availability on the growth and phytochemistry of hybrid poplar and the efficacy of the Bacillus thuringiensis cry1A(a) d-endotoxin on gypsy moth (1998)
    Canadian Science Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-07-01
    Description: We tested the hypothesis that soil nitrogen availability could alter the efficacy of the cry1A(a) d-endotoxin of Bacillus thuringiensis (B.t.) through variation in phytochemistry. Extracts of the cry1A(a) d-endotoxin were administered to second-instar gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) larvae on foliage from hybrid Populus plants (clone NC5339) grown in sand culture for 10 weeks with 10, 25, 50, and 120 ppm nitrogen applied as a modified Hoagland's solution. Poplar biomass increased with increasing nitrogen availability. Net rates of photosynthesis responded positively to increased nitrogen availability in fully expanded leaves only. Concentrations of condensed tannins and salicortin increased as nitrogen availability decreased. Larvae feeding on fully expanded leaves encountered twice the condensed tannin concentration but experienced less than half the mortality of larvae feeding on halfway expanded leaves. Low nitrogen availability increased larval mortality and prolonged the development times of second-instar larvae feeding on both halfway and fully expanded leaves treated with the B.t. cry1A(a) d-endotoxin. Nitrogen concentrations in fully expanded leaves were negatively correlated with larval mortality. Relationships among larval performance, condensed tannins, and phenolic glycosides were weak or nonexistent. These results suggest that the efficacy of the B.t. d-endotoxin will be enhanced when short-rotation poplar plantations are grown on soils of low fertility, but this protection will be at the expense of biomass productivity.
    Print ISSN: 0045-5067
    Electronic ISSN: 1208-6037
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Canadian Science Publishing
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