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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular basis for subtypic differences of the “a” subunit of coagulation factor XIII with description of the genesis of the subtypes (1994)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 94 (1994), S. 129-135 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The “a” subunit of human coagulation factor XIII (F13A) exhibits genetic polymorphism defined by four common alleles, F13A*1A, *1B, *2A, and *2B. We have previously suggested on the basis of the isoelectric focusing patterns of the four allele products that point mutations at two separate sites and one intragenic crossing over might be involved in the genes of F13A polymorphism. Here, we report nucleotide substitutions associated with F13A polymorphism. A C/T transition of the second nucelotide of codon 564 in exon 12 is responsible for the difference between F13A*1A and *1B and that between F13A*2A and *2B, and a set of two base changes in codons 650 and 651 in exon 14 leads to the differences between F13A*1A and *2A and those between F13A*1B and *2B. The four combinations of the point mutations at the two exons thus correspond to the four alleles, two of which were generated by the point mutations from ancestral monomorphic gene. The results suggest strongly that intragenic crossing over must be involved in the genesis of the fourth allele. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) methods discriminating these base changes in exons 12 and 14 are also presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00202857
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A de novo recombination in the ABO blood group gene and evidence for the occurrence of recombination products (1997)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 99 (1997), S. 454-461 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We have encountered a paternity case where exclusion of the putative father was only observed in the ABO blood group (mother, B; child, A1; putative father, O), among the many polymorphic markers tested, including DNA fingerprints and microsatellite markers. Cloning a part of the ABO gene, PCR-amplified from the trio’s genomes, followed by sequencing the cloned fragments, showed that one allele of the child had a hybrid nature, comprising exon 6 of the B allele and exon 7 of the O1 allele. Based on the evidence that exon 7 is crucial for the sugar-nucleotide specificity of A1 and B transferases and that the O1 allele is only specified by the 261G deletion in exon 6 of the consensus sequence of the A1 allele, we concluded that the hybrid allele encodes a transferase with A1 specificity, resulting, presumably, from de novo recombination between the B and O1 alleles of the mother during meiosis. Screening of random populations demonstrated the occurrence of four other hybrid alleles. Sequencing of intron VI from the five hybrid alleles showed that the junctions of the hybrid alleles were located within intron VI, the intron VI-exon 7 boundaries, or exon 7. Recombinational events seem to be partly involved in the genesis of sequence diversities of the ABO gene.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004390050388
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pollination Ecology of Four Acer Species in Japan with Special Reference to Bee Pollinators (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant species biology 6 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1442-1984
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-1984.1991.tb00218.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Extent of invasion of Tasmanian native vegetation by the exotic bumblebee Bombus terrestris (Apoidea: Apidae) (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Austral ecology 27 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1442-9993
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Observations of the large earth bumblebee, Bombus terrestris (L.), in native vegetation were collated to determine the extent to which this exotic species has invaded Tasmanian native vegetation during the first 9 years after its introduction. The range of B. terrestris now encompasses all of Tasmania's major vegetation types, altitudes from sea level to 1260m a.s.L, and the entire breadth of annual precipitation in the state from more than 3200 mm to less than 600 mm. Observations of workers carrying pollen, together with the presence of large numbers of bumblebees at many localities across this range indicate that colonies are frequently established in native vegetation. Evidence that colonies are often successful was obtained from repeated observations of the species during more than 1 year at particular sites. Unequivocal evidence of colonies was obtained from six National Parks, including four of the five in the Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Area (WHA). Indeed, the species has been present in the WHA for at least as long as it has in the city of Hobart, where it was first recorded. In southwestern Tasmania, evidence of colonies was obtained up to 40km from gardens, 61 km from small towns and 93 km from large towns. Hence, contrary to previous suggestions, the species is established in the most remote parts of Tasmania and is not dependent on introduced garden plants. Given their strong record of invasion, it is likely that B. terrestris will form feral populations on the mainland of Australia and in many other parts of the world if introduced. Because of their likely negative impacts on native animals and plants, and potential to enhance seed production in weeds, the spread of bumblebees should be avoided.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1442-9993.2002.01179.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pollinator limitaton in a deceptive orchid, Pogonia japonica, on a floating peat mat (2001)
    Melbourne, Australia : Blackwell Science Asia Pty. Ltd.
    Plant species biology 16 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1442-1984
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Deceptive orchid species that offer no floral rewards to pollinators often experience pollinator limitation because they. The breeding system and fruit set were investigated in order to examine pollinator limitation for a population of a deceptive orchid, Pogonia japonica, on a floating peat mat in Mizorogaike Pond, western Japan. Fruit sets for outcross-pollinated, self-pollinated and pollinator-excluded flowers were 75%, 80%, and 0%, respectively. Thus, this species was self-compatible but neither autogamous nor apogamous. The fruit set for open-pollinated flowers was 22.9% and 17.4% in 1994 and 1995, suggesting that pollinator limitation did occur in the field. Larger flowers were more likely to develop into fruit than smaller ones in open pollination (36%vs 8%). Thus, flower size seems to affect fruiting of this species. No effective visits by major pollinators such as bees, which could carry pollinia, were observed during 16.5 h of observation during daytime. Instead, thrips were often found moving on gynostemium or pollinia and circumstantial evidence that suggests thrips may partly transfer pollen in pieces out of a granular pollinium of P. japonica was obtained. Pogonia japonica should come to use thrips as a pollinator to supplement low fruit set under limited flower visitation by major pollinators.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1442-1984.2001.00067.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sex expression, sex change and fruiting habit in anAcer rufinerve population (1995)
    Springer
    Ecological research 10 (1995), S. 65-74 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1703
    Keywords: male-bias ; reproductive cost ; resource allocation ; sex differential mortality ; successional stage
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Three hundred and thirty-eight plants ofAcer rufinerve Sieb. et Zucc. were monitored in a secondary deciduous forest for 5 years in terms of their sex expression and fruiting habit. Two types of flowers, functionally male and female, were recognized. The adult population consisted of constant males, inconstants and constant females. Constant males, plants that bore exclusively male flowers throughout the study period, accounted for 87% of the adult population. Thirty-four inconstant plants (11%) changed their sex in various ways. Constant females which accounted for only 2% of the population, were significantly smaller plants than the other two morphs, and suffered greater mortality. Fruit set was consistent and generally high for plants bearing female flowers. Thirteen juvenile plants out of 17 began reproduction during the 5 years, and all became male. For inconstant plants, fluctuation in sex expression tended to be more frequent and/or greater in magnitude for smaller plants. However, there was no evidence of the directional sex transition predicted by the size advantage hypothesis. Plant health and the successional stage of the stand should be taken into account as well as resource allocation problems to explain the proximate mechanisms of sex expression.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02347656
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of the janus kinases – signal transducers and activators of transcription pathway in Hassall's corpuscles of the human thymus (2000)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 113 (2000), S. 427-431 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Keywords: JAK STAT Hassall's corpuscles Tyrosine phosphorylation Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The janus kinases (JAK) and signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) pathway has been shown to play a key role in cytokine-mediated signal transduction, and to regulate growth, differentiation, and death of both normal and transformed cells. In the present study, we investigated immunohistochemically the distribution of the JAK-STAT pathway in the human thymus. Various elements of the pathway were abundantly expressed in Hassall's corpuscles, located in the thymus medulla and representing terminal stages of the thymic medullary epithelium. Furthermore, the elements of the pathway showed distinct localization in Hassall's corpuscles. JAK1, JAK2, and TYK2 were expressed in high amounts in the entirety of Hassall's corpuscles, whereas JAK3 was in the outer layer. STAT1, STAT2, and STAT6 were abundantly expressed in the entire Hassall's corpuscles, whereas STAT5 was in the outer layer. These findings strongly suggest that the JAK-STAT pathway may play a role in thymic medullary epithelial maturation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004180000142
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunolocalization of calcineurin and FKBP12, the FK506-binding protein, in Hassall's corpuscles of human thymus and epidermis (2000)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 114 (2000), S. 9-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Keywords: Calcineurin Thymus Hassall's corpuscles Epidermis Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Calcineurin, a Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase, plays an important role in various physiological functions including T cell activation. This enzyme is a target molecule for the immunosuppressants, cyclosporin A and FK506. In the present study, we investigated immunohistochemical localization of calcineurin and FKBP12, an FK506-binding protein, in human thymus and epidermis. The catalytic subunit (calcineurin A) of calcineurin was abundantly expressed in Hassall's corpuscles which were localized in the thymic medulla and represented the terminal stages of thymic medullary epithelium. The regulatory subunit (calcineurin B) of calcineurin was also expressed in high amounts in Hassall's corpuscles. In the epidermis, which shows similarities to Hassall's corpuscles, both subunits were also abundantly expressed, and their expression increased with the differentiation of keratinocytes. FKBP12 was observed to be expressed abundantly, both in Hassall's corpuscles and the entire epidermis. These findings suggest that the differentiated forms of the two cell types, which are the thymic medullary epithelial cell and the keratinocyte, are the target for pharmacological actions of FK506.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004180000168
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nutrient dynamics in a floating mat and pond system with special reference to its vegetation (1990)
    Springer
    Ecological research 5 (1990), S. 63-79 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1703
    Keywords: Floating mat ; Mizorogaike Pond ; Nutrient supply ; Peat mat ; Water chemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Chemical properties of waters and their seasonal changes were studied in Mizorogaike Pond, a system of pond and floating mat. The following six sites including contrasting habitats and water conditions were monitored to assess nutrient dynamics in the system: 1) a pool on the mat, 2) margin of aSphagnum cuspidatum community, 3) an artificial ‘well’ (water layer beneath the floating mat), 4) aMenyanthes trifoliata community in a hollow, and 5) & 6) two sites in the open water. On the floating mat, the water around theSphagnum community had lower pH values, while that in theM. trifoliata community had higher pH values. This difference was related to the influence of flood water, the extent of which was determined by the microtopography. Seasonal changes in water chemistry on the mat suggested that pond water flooding the mat in late autumn and winter is important for the nutrient supply to the mat surface vegetation in this system. Water chemistry of the ‘well’ suggested that the diffusion of inorganic nitrogen occurs from beneath the peat layer. Two types of cluster analysis based on the mean values for chemical variables and the patterns of fluctuation in these variables were performed. The six sites were classified into similar groups which were identified by water type (pool, hollow, well and open water) by both types of analysis. The results showed that a common kind of perturbation should operate in determining the status of nutrient dynamics in the various water types.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02348464
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    FXIIIA polymorphism in a Japanese population: Occurrence of FXIIIA*4 allele (1986)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electrophoresis 7 (1986), S. 289-290 
    Details
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The FXIIIA polymorphism was studied in a Japanese population using agarose gel isoelectric focusing and agarose gel electrophoresis, combined with immunoblotting onto nitrocellulose membranes. The correspondence of patterns between the two methods was confirmed by two-dimensional electrophoresis. A rare phenotype, FXIIIA 4-1, was detected in one individual besides the three common phenotypes FXIIIA 1, 2-1, and 2. This rare phenotype was identified with the originally reported FXIIIA 4-1 in Melanesians. Our results indicate the possibility that the FXIIIA*4 allele may be distributed widely in world populations.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elps.1150070609
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