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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The optical nonlinearity and structure for a PbO, TiO2, SiO2, and K2O quaternary glass system (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 75 (1994), S. 3756-3760 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The nonlinear refractive index n2 of a PbO, TiO2, SiO2, and K2O quaternary glass system measured by the laser beam longitudinal scanning (Z-SCAN) method was found to be 7.72×10−19 m2/W and it was strongly correlated with the presence of more polarizable ions rather than the nonbridging oxygen content. The structural units of the present glass system has been studied by infrared (IR), Raman spectra, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) techniques. The results indicate that the IR absorption band at 1020 cm−1 and the Raman peak at 1100 cm−1 attributed to the stretching vibration of the Si—O—Si bond shift to a lower wave number with an increase of the relative content of K2O. The XPS O1s spectra are decomposed into two main components, which reveal that oxygen atoms of the glass network occur in both bridging and nonbridging oxygen with binding energies of 531.77±0.30 eV and 530.17±0.40 eV, respectively. Si4+ ions are in the form of SiO4 to form the glass network, Ti4+ ions are dual 4- and 6-coordinated with oxygen ions, K+ ions act as network modifiers, and Pb2+ as network modifiers at a low content of PbO, but are network formers at high content. A structural model has been proposed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.356048
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of Acceptor and Donor Dopants on the Dielectric and Tunable Properties of Barium Strontium Titanate (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 87 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The effects of different concentrations of Mn2+, Mg2+, Al3+, Fe3+, La3+, and Nb5+ on the dielectric and tunable properties of Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 ceramics were investigated. It was found that doping in small amounts with acceptor ions such as Mg2+, Fe3+, and Al3+ could meliorate the dielectric properties clearly. Decrease of dielectric loss was attributed to the formation of compensating defects originating from acceptor substitution. It was concluded that the tunability was linked to both the dielectric constant and the grain size. A higher figure of merit was obtained by doping the ceramics with smaller ions of Al and Fe, compared to Ti.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.2004.tb07494.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The ordered micro-domain in Ba1−xSrxTiO3 thin films and its effect on phase transition (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 19 (2000), S. 163-165 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4811
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006640623371
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of the morphotropic phase boundary on the dielectric and piezoelectric properties of the PNN-PZ-PT ternary system (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 31 (1996), S. 2171-2175 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The influence of the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) on the dielectric and piezoelectric properties of PbNi1/3Nb2/3O3-PbZrO3-PbTiO3 (PNN-PZ-PT) ternary system were systematically investigated. The results showed that the piezoelectric constant d 31 and plane coupling factor k p reached a maximum in the vicinity of morphotropic phase boundary. The highest value of the piezoelectric constant d 31 was 260×10−12 C/N. The Curie temperature T c decreased rapidly with increasing content of PNN. The lattice parameters a increased and c decreased with increasing PNN content and the Zr/Zr + Ti ratio as a result of the crystal structural transformation from tetragonal to rhombohedral phases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00356642
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Configurations of ferroelectric domains in bismuth- and Zinc-modified Pb(Ni_1/3Nb_2/3)O_3-PbTiO_3-PbZrO_3 ceramics (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 34 (1999), S. 1009-1015 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Transmission electron microscopy was used to investigate the domain structures of the (Pb0.985Bi0.01)(Ni1/4Zn1/12Nb2/3)0.2(Zr_σTi1-σ)0.8O3 (0.30 ≤ σ ≤ 0.70) ceramics, which are located in the ferroelectric tetragonal and rhombohedral phase regions, and also near the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB). The results show that the lamellar twinning domains and the δ-fringe contrast are most frequently observed in the compositions located in the ferroelectrc tetragonal phase region. In the compositions near the MPB, a banded domain structure similar to herringbone pattern is observed, which contains many parallel bands forming 90° or 70° angles whereas they are inconsistent with one another on both sides of the herringbone domain patterns. The morphology of the herringbone domain structure observed in the bismuth- and zinc-modified PNN-PZ-PT ceramics with composition near the MPB can be described by a space-stacking succession of two crystallographically equivalent plates whereas made from different twin-related domains, with the same habit plane parallel to the (011)-type plane. In the compositions located in the rhombohedral phase region, the stripelike domains are observed, and a local random contrast representing short-range-ordered ‘island’-typed polar clusters or nanodomains is also found, which is attributed to the existence of the polar microregions with the dispersed nanometer-sized short-range-ordered domains in the rhombohedral matrix, because the free energy of the ensembl e of the polar microregion is lowered, and the relative thermodynamic stability is increased with increasing the content ratio of Zr to Ti. In addition, the wavy character in the thickness fringe is commonly observed at the fringe of thin foil, which is due to continuous bending of the thin foil at various equivalent directions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004564213417
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A functionally gradient piezoelectric actuator prepared by powder metallurgical process in PNN-PZ-PT system (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 14 (1995), S. 516-518 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4811
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00665920
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dielectric and piezoelectric properties of Pb(Ni1/3Nb2/3)O3–PbTiO3–PbZrO3 ceramics modified with bismuth and zinc substitutions (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 32 (1997), S. 4275-4282 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The dielectric and piezoelectric properties of the (Pb0.985Bi0.01)(Ni1/4Zn1/12Nb2/3)x-(ZrσTi1-σ)1-xO3 piezoelectric ceramic system (0.2≤x≤0.7, 0.1≤σ≤0.9) were systematically investigated. The results showed that, after poling, the dielectric constant, εT33, increased for the tetragonal compositions but decreased for the rhombohedral compositions. Furthermore, high values of εT33 and piezoelectric modulus, d31 were found for the compositions along the extension of the morphotropic phase boundary. The highest values of the planar electromechanical coupling factor, Kp, and the piezoelectric modulus, d31, were found to be 0.70 and −274×10-12 C N-1, respectively. The Curie temperature, remanent polarization, coercive field and the lattice constants of the a and c axes in relation to the Pb(Ni1/3Nb2/3)O3 content and the Zr/Zr+Ti ratio were also determined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018655419424
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interdiffusion reaction in the PZT/PNN functionally gradient piezoelectric ceramic materials (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 33 (1998), S. 1023-1030 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The interfacial diffusion reaction between lead zirconate titanate (PZT) and lead nickel niobate (PbNi1/3Nb2/3O3:PNN) phases in the PZT/PNN functionally gradient piezoelectric ceramics were investigated as a function of the diffusion temperature and time, respectively. The ionic composition distribution profiles in the interdiffusion region were examined by electron probe microbeam analysis (EPMA). Based on a diffusion model of the overlapped diffusion solution from thin slab, the numerical simulation for the ionic composition distribution was carried out by computer, which was in agreement with the EPMA result. The diffusion coefficients for the Ni2+, Nb5+, Ti4+ and Zr4+ ions were determined, which were 33.8, 22.6, 10.8 and 9.9×10-12 m2 s-1, respectively. The apparent activation energies for these ions were 94.4, 171.7, 257.5 and 325.8 kJ mol-1, respectively. The differences in the ionic diffusion coefficients and apparent activation energies were discussed from the viewpoint of the crystal chemistry. © 1998 Chapman & Hall
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004324214533
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    EPMA and TEM investigations on the interdiffusion layer of the PNN/PZT functionally gradient piezoelectric ceramics (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 35 (2000), S. 1031-1036 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The compositional profile, distribution of the phases and the ordering behavior in the interdiffusion layer of the PNN/PZT functionally gradient piezoelectric ceramics have been investigated by electron probe microbeam analyses (EPMA) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) respectively. The results show that the thickness of the interdiffusion layers (d) for Ni2+, Nb5+, Ti4+ and Zr4+ ions are ordered as dNi 2+ 〉 dNb 5+ 〉 dTi 4+ 〉 dZr 4+. It is demonstrated by TEM observation and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) patterns that a clear interface between the rhombohedral and pseudocubic phases exists in the interdiffusion layer. The SAED studies also reveal the presence of F spots along the [111] direction of the perovskite cubic unit cell. The origin of this superstructure is determined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004783332166
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Orientation controlling of PZT thin films derived from sol-gel techniques (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 19 (2000), S. 1945-1949 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4811
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006784021920
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