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  • 1
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    First results from the Giotto magnetometer experiment at comet Halley (1986)
    In:  Nature, Tokyo, Railway Tech. Res. Inst., vol. 321, no. 6067, pp. 325-355, pp. L06615, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
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    Publication Date: 1986
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 2
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    Magnetic Field and Plasma Observations at Mars: Initial Results of the Mars Global Surveyor Mission (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-03-13
    Description: The magnetometer and electron reflectometer investigation (MAG/ER) on the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft has obtained magnetic field and plasma observations throughout the near-Mars environment, from beyond the influence of Mars to just above the surface (at an altitude of approximately 100 kilometers). The solar wind interaction with Mars is in many ways similar to that at Venus and at an active comet, that is, primarily an ionospheric-atmospheric interaction. No significant planetary magnetic field of global scale has been detected to date (〈2 x 10(21) Gauss-cubic centimeter), but here the discovery of multiple magnetic anomalies of small spatial scale in the crust of Mars is reported.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Acuna -- Connerney -- Wasilewski -- Lin -- Anderson -- Carlson -- McFadden -- Curtis -- Mitchell -- Reme -- Mazelle -- Sauvaud -- d'Uston -- Cros -- Medale -- Bauer -- Cloutier -- Mayhew -- Winterhalter -- Ness -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Mar 13;279(5357):1676-80.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉M. H. Acuna, J. E. P. Connerney, P. Wasilewski, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA. R. P. Lin, Space Sciences Laboratory and Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. K. A. Anderson, C. W. Carlson, J. McFadden, D. W. Curtis, D. Mitchell, Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. H. Reme, C. Mazelle, J. A. Sauvaud, C. d'Uston, A. Cros, J. L. Medale, Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, 31209 Toulouse Cedex, France. S. J. Bauer, University of Graz and Space Research Institute, A-8010 Graz, Austria. P. Cloutier, Department of Space Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA. M. Mayhew, National Science Foundation, Arlington, VA 22230, USA. D. Winterhalter, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA. N. F. Ness, Bartol Research Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9497279" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Global distribution of crustal magnetization discovered by the mars global surveyor MAG/ER experiment (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1999-04-30
    Description: Vector magnetic field observations of the martian crust were acquired by the Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) magnetic field experiment/electron reflectometer (MAG/ER) during the aerobraking and science phasing orbits, at altitudes between approximately 100 and 200 kilometers. Magnetic field sources of multiple scales, strength, and geometry were observed. There is a correlation between the location of the sources and the ancient cratered terrain of the martian highlands. The absence of crustal magnetism near large impact basins such as Hellas and Argyre implies cessation of internal dynamo action during the early Naochian epoch ( approximately 4 billion years ago). Sources with equivalent magnetic moments as large as 1.3 x 10(17) ampere-meter2 in the Terra Sirenum region contribute to the development of an asymmetrical, time-variable obstacle to solar wind flow around Mars.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Acuna -- Connerney -- Ness -- Lin -- Mitchell -- Carlson -- McFadden -- Anderson -- Reme -- Mazelle -- Vignes -- Wasilewski -- Cloutier -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Apr 30;284(5415):790-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA. Bartol Research Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA. Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonn.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10221908" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Magnetic lineations in the ancient crust of mars (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1999-04-30
    Description: The Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft, in a highly elliptical polar orbit, obtained vector magnetic field measurements above the surface of Mars (altitudes 〉100 kilometers). Crustal magnetization, mainly confined to the most ancient, heavily cratered martian highlands, is frequently organized in east-west-trending linear features, the longest extending over 2000 kilometers. Crustal remanent magnetization exceeds that of terrestrial crust by more than an order of magnitude. Groups of quasi-parallel linear features of alternating magnetic polarity were found. They are reminiscent of similar magnetic features associated with sea floor spreading and crustal genesis on Earth but with a much larger spatial scale. They may be a relic of an era of plate tectonics on Mars.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Connerney -- Acuna -- Wasilewski -- Ness -- Reme -- Mazelle -- Vignes -- Lin -- Mitchell -- Cloutier -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Apr 30;284(5415):794-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA. Bartol Research Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA. Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, 31028 Toulouse Cedex 4, France. Space Sciences Laboratory, University.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10221909" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Lunar surface magnetic fields and their interaction with the solar wind: results from lunar prospector (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1998-09-04
    Description: The magnetometer and electron reflectometer experiment on the Lunar Prospector spacecraft has obtained maps of lunar crustal magnetic fields and observed the interaction between the solar wind and regions of strong crustal magnetic fields at high selenographic latitude (30 degreesS to 80 degreesS) and low ( approximately 100 kilometers) altitude. Electron reflection maps of the regions antipodal to the Imbrium and Serenitatis impact basins, extending to 80 degreesS latitude, show that crustal magnetic fields fill most of the antipodal zones of those basins. This finding provides further evidence for the hypothesis that basin-forming impacts result in magnetization of the lunar crust at their antipodes. The crustal magnetic fields of the Imbrium antipode region are strong enough to deflect the solar wind and form a miniature (100 to several hundred kilometers across) magnetosphere, magnetosheath, and bow shock system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lin -- Mitchell -- Curtis -- Anderson -- Carlson -- McFadden -- Acuna -- Hood -- Binder -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Sep 4;281(5382):1480-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉R. P. Lin, Space Sciences Laboratory and Physics Department, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. D. L. Mitchell, D. W. Curtis, K. A. Anderson, C. W. Carlson, J. McFadden, Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9727969" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
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  • 6
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    Magnetic fields at the solar wind termination shock (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2008-07-04
    Description: A transition between the supersonic solar wind and the subsonic heliosheath was observed by Voyager 1, but the expected termination shock was not seen owing to a gap in the telemetry. Here we report observations of the magnetic field structure and dynamics of the termination shock, made by Voyager 2 on 31 August-1 September 2007 at a distance of 83.7 au from the Sun (1 au is the Earth-Sun distance). A single crossing of the shock was expected, with a boundary that was stable on a timescale of several days. But the data reveal a complex, rippled, quasi-perpendicular supercritical magnetohydrodynamic shock of moderate strength undergoing reformation on a scale of a few hours. The observed structure suggests the importance of ionized interstellar atoms ('pickup protons') at the shock.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Burlaga, L F -- Ness, N F -- Acuna, M H -- Lepping, R P -- Connerney, J E P -- Richardson, J D -- England -- Nature. 2008 Jul 3;454(7200):75-7. doi: 10.1038/nature07029.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA. Leonard.F.Burlaga@nasa.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18596803" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 7
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    Magnetic fields at neptune (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1989-12-15
    Description: The National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Space Flight Center-University of Delaware Bartol Research Institute magnetic field experiment on the Voyager 2 spacecraft discovered a strong and complex intrinsic magnetic field of Neptune and an associated magnetosphere and magnetic tail. The detached bow shock wave in the supersonic solar wind flow was detected upstream at 34.9 Neptune radii (R(N)), and the magnetopause boundary was tentatively identified at 26.5 R(N) near the planet-sun line (1 R(N) = 24,765 kilometers). A maximum magnetic field of nearly 10,000 nanoteslas (1 nanotesla = 10(-5) gauss) was observed near closest approach, at a distance of 1.18 R(N). The planetary magnetic field between 4 and 15 R(N) can be well represented by an offset tilted magnetic dipole (OTD), displaced from the center of Neptune by the surprisingly large amount of 0.55 R(N) and inclined by 47 degrees with respect to the rotation axis. The OTD dipole moment is 0.133 gauss-R(N)(3). Within 4 R(N), the magnetic field representation must include localized sources or higher order magnetic multipoles, or both, which are not yet well determined. The obliquity of Neptune and the phase of its rotation at encounter combined serendipitously so that the spacecraft entered the magnetosphere at a time when the polar cusp region was directed almost precisely sunward. As the spacecraft exited the magnetosphere, the magnetic tail appeared to be monopolar, and no crossings of an imbedded magnetic field reversal or plasma neutral sheet were observed. The auroral zones are most likely located far from the rotation poles and may have a complicated geometry. The rings and all the known moons of Neptune are imbedded deep inside the magnetosphere, except for Nereid, which is outside when sunward of the planet. The radiation belts will have a complex structure owing to the absorption of energetic particles by the moons and rings of Neptune and losses associated with the significant changes in the diurnally varying magnetosphere configuration. In an astrophysical context, the magnetic field of Neptune, like that of Uranus, may be described as that of an "oblique" rotator.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ness, N F -- Acuna, M H -- Burlaga, L F -- Connerney, J E -- Lepping, R P -- Neubauer, F M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Dec 15;246(4936):1473-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17756002" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 8
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    Mercury's magnetosphere after MESSENGER's first flyby (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2008-07-05
    Description: Observations by MESSENGER show that Mercury's magnetosphere is immersed in a comet-like cloud of planetary ions. The most abundant, Na+, is broadly distributed but exhibits flux maxima in the magnetosheath, where the local plasma flow speed is high, and near the spacecraft's closest approach, where atmospheric density should peak. The magnetic field showed reconnection signatures in the form of flux transfer events, azimuthal rotations consistent with Kelvin-Helmholtz waves along the magnetopause, and extensive ultralow-frequency wave activity. Two outbound current sheet boundaries were observed, across which the magnetic field decreased in a manner suggestive of a double magnetopause. The separation of these current layers, comparable to the gyro-radius of a Na+ pickup ion entering the magnetosphere after being accelerated in the magnetosheath, may indicate a planetary ion boundary layer.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Slavin, James A -- Acuna, Mario H -- Anderson, Brian J -- Baker, Daniel N -- Benna, Mehdi -- Gloeckler, George -- Gold, Robert E -- Ho, George C -- Killen, Rosemary M -- Korth, Haje -- Krimigis, Stamatios M -- McNutt, Ralph L Jr -- Nittler, Larry R -- Raines, Jim M -- Schriver, David -- Solomon, Sean C -- Starr, Richard D -- Travnicek, Pavel -- Zurbuchen, Thomas H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Jul 4;321(5885):85-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1159040.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Heliophysics Science Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA. james.a.slavin@nasa.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18599776" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 9
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    Crossing the termination shock into the heliosheath: magnetic fields (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2005-09-24
    Description: Magnetic fields measured by Voyager 1 show that the spacecraft crossed or was crossed by the termination shock on about 16 December 2004 at 94.0 astronomical units. An estimate of the compression ratio of the magnetic field strength B (+/- standard error of the mean) across the shock is B2/B1 = 3.05 +/- 0.04, but ratios in the range from 2 to 4 are admissible. The average B in the heliosheath from day 1 through day 110 of 2005 was 0.136 +/- 0.035 nanoteslas, approximately 4.2 times that predicted by Parker's model for B. The magnetic field in the heliosheath from day 361 of 2004 through day 110 of 2005 was pointing away from the Sun along the Parker spiral. The probability distribution of hourly averages of B in the heliosheath is a Gaussian distribution. The cosmic ray intensity increased when B was relatively large in the heliosheath.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Burlaga, L F -- Ness, N F -- Acuna, M H -- Lepping, R P -- Connerney, J E P -- Stone, E C -- McDonald, F B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Sep 23;309(5743):2027-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉NASA-Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA. Leonard.F.Burlaga@nasa.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16179471" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
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  • 10
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    The structure of Mercury's magnetic field from MESSENGER's first flyby (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2008-07-05
    Description: During its first flyby of Mercury, the MESSENGER spacecraft measured the planet's near-equatorial magnetic field. The field strength is consistent to within an estimated uncertainty of 10% with that observed near the equator by Mariner 10. Centered dipole solutions yield a southward planetary moment of 230 to 290 nanotesla RM3 (where RM is Mercury's mean radius) tilted between 5 degrees and 12 degrees from the rotation axis. Multipole solutions yield non-dipolar contributions of 22% to 52% of the dipole field magnitude. Magnetopause and tail currents account for part of the high-order field, and plasma pressure effects may explain the remainder, so that a pure centered dipole cannot be ruled out.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Anderson, Brian J -- Acuna, Mario H -- Korth, Haje -- Purucker, Michael E -- Johnson, Catherine L -- Slavin, James A -- Solomon, Sean C -- McNutt, Ralph L Jr -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Jul 4;321(5885):82-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1159081.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, 11100 Johns Hopkins Road, Laurel, MD 20723, USA. brian.anderson@jhuapl.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18599775" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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