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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2012-12-20
    Description: Activating somatic and germline mutations of closely related RAS genes (H, K, N) have been found in various types of cancer and in patients with developmental disorders, respectively. The involvement of the RAS signalling pathways in developmental disorders has recently emerged as one of the most important drivers in RAS research. In the present study, we investigated the biochemical and cell biological properties of two novel missense KRAS mutations (Y71H and K147E). Both mutations affect residues that are highly conserved within the RAS family. KRAS Y71H showed no clear differences to KRAS wt , except for an increased binding affinity for its major effector, the RAF1 kinase. Consistent with this finding, even though we detected similar levels of active KRAS Y71H when compared with wild-type protein, we observed an increased activation of MEK1/2, irrespective of the stimulation conditions. In contrast, KRAS K147E exhibited a tremendous increase in nucleotide dissociation generating a self-activating RAS protein that can act independently of upstream signals. As a consequence, levels of active KRAS K147E were strongly increased regardless of serum stimulation and similar to the oncogenic KRAS G12V . In spite of this, KRAS K147E downstream signalling did not reach the level triggered by oncogenic KRAS G12V , especially because KRAS K147E was downregulated by RASGAP and moreover exhibited a 2-fold lower affinity for RAF kinase. Here, our findings clearly emphasize that individual RAS mutations, despite being associated with comparable phenotypes of developmental disorders in patients, can cause remarkably diverse biochemical effects with a common outcome, namely a rather moderate gain-of-function.
    Print ISSN: 0964-6906
    Electronic ISSN: 1460-2083
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2015-03-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Suh, Jae Myoung -- Jonker, Johan W -- Ahmadian, Maryam -- Goetz, Regina -- Lackey, Denise -- Osborn, Olivia -- Huang, Zhifeng -- Liu, Weilin -- Yoshihara, Eiji -- van Dijk, Theo H -- Havinga, Rick -- Fan, Weiwei -- Yin, Yun-Qiang -- Yu, Ruth T -- Liddle, Christopher -- Atkins, Annette R -- Olefsky, Jerrold M -- Mohammadi, Moosa -- Downes, Michael -- Evans, Ronald M -- P01 HL088093/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P42 ES010337/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- R01 DE013686/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL105278/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R24 DK090962/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R37 DK057978/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2015 Apr 16;520(7547):388. doi: 10.1038/nature14304. Epub 2015 Mar 4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25739500" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2014-07-22
    Description: Fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1) is an autocrine/paracrine regulator whose binding to heparan sulphate proteoglycans effectively precludes its circulation. Although FGF1 is known as a mitogenic factor, FGF1 knockout mice develop insulin resistance when stressed by a high-fat diet, suggesting a potential role in nutrient homeostasis. Here we show that parenteral delivery of a single dose of recombinant FGF1 (rFGF1) results in potent, insulin-dependent lowering of glucose levels in diabetic mice that is dose-dependent but does not lead to hypoglycaemia. Chronic pharmacological treatment with rFGF1 increases insulin-dependent glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and suppresses the hepatic production of glucose to achieve whole-body insulin sensitization. The sustained glucose lowering and insulin sensitization attributed to rFGF1 are not accompanied by the side effects of weight gain, liver steatosis and bone loss associated with current insulin-sensitizing therapies. We also show that the glucose-lowering activity of FGF1 can be dissociated from its mitogenic activity and is mediated predominantly via FGF receptor 1 signalling. Thus we have uncovered an unexpected, neomorphic insulin-sensitizing action for exogenous non-mitogenic human FGF1 with therapeutic potential for the treatment of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4184286/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4184286/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Suh, Jae Myoung -- Jonker, Johan W -- Ahmadian, Maryam -- Goetz, Regina -- Lackey, Denise -- Osborn, Olivia -- Huang, Zhifeng -- Liu, Weilin -- Yoshihara, Eiji -- van Dijk, Theo H -- Havinga, Rick -- Fan, Weiwei -- Yin, Yun-Qiang -- Yu, Ruth T -- Liddle, Christopher -- Atkins, Annette R -- Olefsky, Jerrold M -- Mohammadi, Moosa -- Downes, Michael -- Evans, Ronald M -- DE13686/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ -- DK-033651/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK-063491/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK-074868/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK057978/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK090962/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- ES010337/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- HL088093/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL105278/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P01 DK054441/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P01 DK074868/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P01 HL088093/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P01-DK054441-14A1/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P30 DK063491/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P42 ES010337/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL105278/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R24 DK090962/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R37 DK033651/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R37 DK057978/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- T32 DK007494/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- T32-DK-007494/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- U54 HD012303/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- U54-HD-012303-25/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2014 Sep 18;513(7518):436-9. doi: 10.1038/nature13540. Epub 2014 Jul 16.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉1] Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, USA [2]. ; 1] Center for Liver, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, Departments of Pediatrics and Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands [2]. ; Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, USA. ; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA. ; Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA. ; 1] Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA [2] School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China. ; Center for Liver, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, Departments of Pediatrics and Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands. ; The Storr Liver Unit, Westmead Millennium Institute and University of Sydney, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales 2145, Australia. ; 1] Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, USA [2] Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25043058" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Blood Glucose/metabolism ; Body Weight/drug effects ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy/metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism ; Diet, High-Fat ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 1/administration & dosage/adverse effects/*pharmacology ; Glucose/*metabolism ; Glucose Tolerance Test ; Humans ; Insulin/*metabolism ; Insulin Resistance ; Liver/drug effects/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Obese ; Mitogens/pharmacology ; Muscle, Skeletal/drug effects/metabolism ; Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2012-04-24
    Description: Although feast and famine cycles illustrate that remodelling of adipose tissue in response to fluctuations in nutrient availability is essential for maintaining metabolic homeostasis, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here we identify fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1) as a critical transducer in this process in mice, and link its regulation to the nuclear receptor PPARgamma (peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma), which is the adipocyte master regulator and the target of the thiazolidinedione class of insulin sensitizing drugs. FGF1 is the prototype of the 22-member FGF family of proteins and has been implicated in a range of physiological processes, including development, wound healing and cardiovascular changes. Surprisingly, FGF1 knockout mice display no significant phenotype under standard laboratory conditions. We show that FGF1 is highly induced in adipose tissue in response to a high-fat diet and that mice lacking FGF1 develop an aggressive diabetic phenotype coupled to aberrant adipose expansion when challenged with a high-fat diet. Further analysis of adipose depots in FGF1-deficient mice revealed multiple histopathologies in the vasculature network, an accentuated inflammatory response, aberrant adipocyte size distribution and ectopic expression of pancreatic lipases. On withdrawal of the high-fat diet, this inflamed adipose tissue fails to properly resolve, resulting in extensive fat necrosis. In terms of mechanisms, we show that adipose induction of FGF1 in the fed state is regulated by PPARgamma acting through an evolutionarily conserved promoter proximal PPAR response element within the FGF1 gene. The discovery of a phenotype for the FGF1 knockout mouse establishes the PPARgamma-FGF1 axis as critical for maintaining metabolic homeostasis and insulin sensitization.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3358516/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3358516/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jonker, Johan W -- Suh, Jae Myoung -- Atkins, Annette R -- Ahmadian, Maryam -- Li, Pingping -- Whyte, Jamie -- He, Mingxiao -- Juguilon, Henry -- Yin, Yun-Qiang -- Phillips, Colin T -- Yu, Ruth T -- Olefsky, Jerrold M -- Henry, Robert R -- Downes, Michael -- Evans, Ronald M -- DK057978/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK062434/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK063491/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK090962/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- HL105278/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P30 CA014195/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P30 DK063491/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK033651/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL105278/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL105278-21/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R24 DK090962/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R24 DK090962-02/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R37 DK033651/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R37 DK057978/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R37 DK057978-34/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- U19 DK062434/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- U19 DK062434-10/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2012 May 17;485(7398):391-4. doi: 10.1038/nature10998.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22522926" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adipocytes/drug effects/metabolism/pathology ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cell Size/drug effects ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/chemically induced/genetics/pathology ; Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 1/deficiency/*genetics/*metabolism ; *Homeostasis/drug effects ; Humans ; Inflammation/genetics ; Insulin/metabolism ; Insulin Resistance ; Intra-Abdominal Fat/drug effects/*metabolism/pathology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; Necrosis/enzymology ; PPAR gamma/*metabolism ; Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics ; Response Elements/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Paracoccus denitrificans ; Ammonia assimilation pathways ; Nitrogen catabolism regulation ; Ammonium transport ; Glutamine synthetase ; Glutamate synthase ; Aminotransferase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A Tn5 insertional prototrophic mutant of Paracoccus denitrificans (UBM219) was generated which grew on high (〉1 mM) but not low (〈0.5 mM) ammonium as sole nitrogen source. It did not utilize nitrate and most amino acids except glutamate and aspartate. UBM219 showed more than 10-fold lower levels of ammonium (methylammonium) transport, aspartate and alanine aminotransferase, but more than 10-fold higher activities of glutamate dehydrogenase and glutamate synthase. This pleiotropy indicates a mutation in a regulatory gene affecting nitrogen metabolism in general. — Ammonia assimilation pathways and regulation in Paracoccus resemble the patterns in enterobacteria with the exception, that alanine is generated by amino transfer from glutamate to pyruvate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 539-543 (Mar. 2007), p. 962-967 
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The hardness and indentation fracture toughness of sub micron WC composites based on aluminideand cobalt binders were investigated. Doped Fe60Al40 and Ni3Al alloys with boron levels rangingfrom 0 to 0.1 wt%, were used as the aluminide binders. The composite materials were processed byuniaxial hot pressing of milled powder samples at 1500 ºC under argon atmosphere. The hardnessof WC-40vol%(FeAl-B) was found to be higher than that of WC-40vol%(Ni3Al-B), and itapproached to the hardness level of the commercial grade of WC-10wt%Co (H10F). The fracturetoughness of both WC-40vol%(FeAl-B) and WC-40vol%(Ni3Al-B) cermets was higher than that ofWC-40vol%Co and the toughness increased with increasing boron content. It is believed that boronaddition to the aluminide binders leads to improvement in the fracture toughness of the intermetallicmatrix composites as a result of increase in the ductility and toughness of the aluminides and alsodue to increase in WC solubility in the aluminide binders in presence of boron
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 561-565 (Oct. 2007), p. 675-678 
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The effect of boron on the WC morphology and on the grain size of binders in sub micron WCcomposites containing Fe60Al40 and Ni3Al binders was investigated using scanning electronmicroscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The composites were preparedunder uniaxial hot pressing of milled powder samples at 1500 ºC in inert argon atmosphere. Dopedaluminides with boron levels ranging from 0 to 0.1 wt% were used as the binders. It was found thatthe microstructural characteristics of boron doped aluminide WC composites were similar to thoseof hot pressed WC-Co and commercial grade WC-10wt%Co (H10F) hardmetals. The contiguity ofWC particles (WC/WC contact) and the grain sizes of aluminides decreased and the extent offaceting of tungsten carbide increased in the aluminide tungsten carbide composites inpresence of boron
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Energy Economics 8 (1986), S. 251-256 
    ISSN: 0140-9883
    Keywords: Hotelling rule ; Oil ; Pricing
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Formins are involved in a variety of cellular processes that require the remodelling of the cytoskeleton. They contain formin homology domains FH1 and FH2, which initiate actin assembly. The Diaphanous-related formins form a subgroup that is characterized by an amino-terminal Rho GTPase-binding ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    International Journal of Non-Linear Mechanics 21 (1986), S. 483-488 
    ISSN: 0020-7462
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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