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  • 1
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    A PPARgamma-FGF1 axis is required for adaptive adipose remodelling and metabolic homeostasis (2012)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-04-24
    Description: Although feast and famine cycles illustrate that remodelling of adipose tissue in response to fluctuations in nutrient availability is essential for maintaining metabolic homeostasis, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here we identify fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1) as a critical transducer in this process in mice, and link its regulation to the nuclear receptor PPARgamma (peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma), which is the adipocyte master regulator and the target of the thiazolidinedione class of insulin sensitizing drugs. FGF1 is the prototype of the 22-member FGF family of proteins and has been implicated in a range of physiological processes, including development, wound healing and cardiovascular changes. Surprisingly, FGF1 knockout mice display no significant phenotype under standard laboratory conditions. We show that FGF1 is highly induced in adipose tissue in response to a high-fat diet and that mice lacking FGF1 develop an aggressive diabetic phenotype coupled to aberrant adipose expansion when challenged with a high-fat diet. Further analysis of adipose depots in FGF1-deficient mice revealed multiple histopathologies in the vasculature network, an accentuated inflammatory response, aberrant adipocyte size distribution and ectopic expression of pancreatic lipases. On withdrawal of the high-fat diet, this inflamed adipose tissue fails to properly resolve, resulting in extensive fat necrosis. In terms of mechanisms, we show that adipose induction of FGF1 in the fed state is regulated by PPARgamma acting through an evolutionarily conserved promoter proximal PPAR response element within the FGF1 gene. The discovery of a phenotype for the FGF1 knockout mouse establishes the PPARgamma-FGF1 axis as critical for maintaining metabolic homeostasis and insulin sensitization.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3358516/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3358516/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jonker, Johan W -- Suh, Jae Myoung -- Atkins, Annette R -- Ahmadian, Maryam -- Li, Pingping -- Whyte, Jamie -- He, Mingxiao -- Juguilon, Henry -- Yin, Yun-Qiang -- Phillips, Colin T -- Yu, Ruth T -- Olefsky, Jerrold M -- Henry, Robert R -- Downes, Michael -- Evans, Ronald M -- DK057978/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK062434/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK063491/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK090962/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- HL105278/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P30 CA014195/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P30 DK063491/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK033651/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL105278/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL105278-21/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R24 DK090962/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R24 DK090962-02/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R37 DK033651/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R37 DK057978/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R37 DK057978-34/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- U19 DK062434/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- U19 DK062434-10/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2012 May 17;485(7398):391-4. doi: 10.1038/nature10998.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22522926" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adipocytes/drug effects/metabolism/pathology ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cell Size/drug effects ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/chemically induced/genetics/pathology ; Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 1/deficiency/*genetics/*metabolism ; *Homeostasis/drug effects ; Humans ; Inflammation/genetics ; Insulin/metabolism ; Insulin Resistance ; Intra-Abdominal Fat/drug effects/*metabolism/pathology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; Necrosis/enzymology ; PPAR gamma/*metabolism ; Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics ; Response Elements/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 2
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    Production of biallelic CMP-Neu5Ac hydroxylase knock-out pigs (2013)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-06-14
    Description: After the knock-out (KO) of α1,3 galactosyltransfease (Gal-T), the Hanganutziu-Deicher antigen became a major antigen of the "non-Gal antigen" that is implicated in subsequent xenograft rejection. For deletion of non-Gal antigen, we successfully produced zinc finger nuclease (ZFN)-mediated monoallelic/biallelic male and female CMP-N-acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase (CMAH) KO miniature pigs: the efficiency of the gene targeting (41.7%) was higher when donor DNA was used with the ZFN than those of ZFN alone (9.1%). Monoallelic KO pigs had no integration of exogenous DNA into their genome, indicating that this technique would provide a new avenue to reduce the risk of antibiotics resistance when organs from genetically modified pigs are transplanted into patients. Until now, both monoallelic and biallelic CMAH KO pigs are healthy and show no sign of abnormality and off-target mutations. Therefore, these CMAH null pigs on the Gal-T KO background could serve as an important model for the xenotransplantation. Scientific Reports 3 doi: 10.1038/srep01981
    Electronic ISSN: 2045-2322
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 3
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    Inactivation of porcine interleukin-1{beta} results in failure of rapid conceptus elongation [Agricultural Sciences] (2018)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-01-10
    Description: Conceptus expansion throughout the uterus of mammalian species with a noninvasive epitheliochorial type of placentation is critical establishing an adequate uterine surface area for nutrient support during gestation. Pig conceptuses undergo a unique rapid morphological transformation to elongate into filamentous threads within 1 h, which provides the uterine surface to...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biochemical and energy changes during embryogenesis in the rock scallopCrassadoma gigantea (1990)
    Springer
    Marine biology 106 (1990), S. 239-244 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The biochemical composition of eggs spawned from rock scallopsCrassadoma gigantea (Gray) collected from Clayoquot Sound, Vancouver Island (British Columbia, Canada) in the winter of 1987 and the summer of 1988, differed significantly only in lipid and soluble-ash contents. Major macronutrients were catabolized simultaneously and linearly with time of embryogenesis. Total egg energy expended during development was 11.8 kJ g−1 derived 46.7, 9.8 and 43.5%, from lipid, carbohydrate, and protein, respectively. Glucose in the egg was the dominant source of carbohydrate energy. Deposition of shell was linear with time of embryogenesis and the formation of 44.8% dry wt of shell in the early larval stage, referred to as the D-larva, consumed 64.4% of the total energy expended. Energy required for shell formation was 17.55 kJ g−1. The RNA:DNA ratio declined exponentially from 18.6 in the egg to 2.21 in the D-larva, which was consistent with that of adult bivalves. Many changes in fatty acid composition were linear with time of embryogenesis, and the percentage ofn3- andn6-higher unsaturated fatty acids to total polyethylenic acids exhibited significant declining and increasing trends, respectively. The linear rate of catabolism of eicosapentaenoic acid, 20:5n3, and the constant level of docosahexaenoic acid, 22:6n3, illustrated an energy and a structural role, respectively, for these dominant acids in the embryonic development of the rock scallop.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01314806
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Myosin conformation and enzymatic activity: Effect of chloroform, diethyl ether and halothane on optical rotatory dispersion and ATPase
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    BBA - Protein Structure 295 (1973), S. 178-187 
    Details
    ISSN: 0005-2795
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0005-2795(73)90086-X
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    POWER CORE SAMPLING OF FRESH FORAGE IN SMALL PLOT EXPERIMENTATION (1975)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 30 (1975), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: A power-driven corer, designed to collect internally samples cored from small plot forage cuts of about 5–15 kg, is described. Sampling errors for percentage DM are shown to be lower than those associated with conventional practices; smaller than usual sample weights (200 g) which are less demanding on oven space are shown to be feasible, and the tedium of the sampling procedure is alleviated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1975.tb01393.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of yeast and algal diets on the growth and biochemical composition of the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis (Müller) in culture (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Aquaculture research 23 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2109
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract. Growth rates and fecundity of Brachionus plicatilis fed baker's yeast, a diatom, and three different flagellates, were monitored during a 15-day feeding trial. Identical growing conditions and equivalent food levels for the different diets were maintained during rotifer culture. The highest growth rate and mean fecundity were exhibited by rotifers fed Chlorella saccharophila, followed in decreasing order by those fed Isochrysis galbana (T-iso), Tetraselmis suecica, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Thalassiosira pseudonana. Significant differences in contents of neutral lipids, polar lipids, sugars, glycogen, protein, ash and corresponding energy reserves in the resultant five groups of rotifers were diet dependent. Total available energy, about 15 kJ/g in rotifers fed S. cerevisiae and I. galbana (T-iso) was significantly different from the 14kJ/g in rotifers fed T. suecica and C saccharophila, and in turn from the 13kJ/g in rotifers fed T. pseudonana.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.1992.tb00591.x
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  • 8
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    Ellis, Brian: Truth and Objectivity (Book Review) (1991)
    Oxford : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    The British journal for the philosophy of science. 42:2 (1991:June) 291 
    Details
    ISSN: 0007-0882
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General , Philosophy
    Notes: Reviews
    URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pao:&rft_dat=xri:pao:article:4064-1991-042-02-000014
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  • 9
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    Horwich, Paul, [1990]: Truth (Book Review) (1992)
    Oxford : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    The British journal for the philosophy of science. 43:2 (1992:June) 279 
    Details
    ISSN: 0007-0882
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General , Philosophy
    Notes: Reviews
    URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pao:&rft_dat=xri:pao:article:4064-1992-043-02-000010
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  • 10
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    Purpose and Content (1993)
    Oxford : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    The British journal for the philosophy of science. 44:1 (1993:Mar.) 45 
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    ISSN: 0007-0882
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General , Philosophy
    URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pao:&rft_dat=xri:pao:article:4064-1993-044-01-000004
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