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  • 1
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    Direct evidence for R- rotons having antiparallel momentum and velocity (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-02-19
    Description: Experimental evidence is presented that shows that the momentum of a R- roton (a particle-like excitation in liquid helium-4) is antiparallel to its velocity. Although this is anticipated from the negative slope of the dispersion curve for these excitations, it has only been possible to test since the development of a source of ballistic R- rotons. The backward refraction of the quantum evaporation process, which is the signature of antiparallel momentum and velocity, is observed.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tucker -- Wyatt -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Feb 19;283(5405):1150-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Physics, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QL, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10024238" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Breast cancer risks for BRCA1/2 carriers (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-12-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wacholder, Sholom -- Struewing, Jeffery P -- Hartge, Patricia -- Greene, Mark H -- Tucker, Margaret A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 24;306(5705):2187-91; author reply 2187-91.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15622558" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology/*genetics ; Female ; *Genes, BRCA1 ; *Genes, BRCA2 ; *Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Heterozygote ; Humans ; Jews/genetics ; *Mutation ; Ovarian Neoplasms/epidemiology/genetics ; Risk ; Selection Bias
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    The landscape of recombination in African Americans (2011)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-07-22
    Description: Recombination, together with mutation, gives rise to genetic variation in populations. Here we leverage the recent mixture of people of African and European ancestry in the Americas to build a genetic map measuring the probability of crossing over at each position in the genome, based on about 2.1 million crossovers in 30,000 unrelated African Americans. At intervals of more than three megabases it is nearly identical to a map built in Europeans. At finer scales it differs significantly, and we identify about 2,500 recombination hotspots that are active in people of West African ancestry but nearly inactive in Europeans. The probability of a crossover at these hotspots is almost fully controlled by the alleles an individual carries at PRDM9 (P value 〈 10(-245)). We identify a 17-base-pair DNA sequence motif that is enriched in these hotspots, and is an excellent match to the predicted binding target of PRDM9 alleles common in West Africans and rare in Europeans. Sites of this motif are predicted to be risk loci for disease-causing genomic rearrangements in individuals carrying these alleles. More generally, this map provides a resource for research in human genetic variation and evolution.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3154982/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3154982/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hinch, Anjali G -- Tandon, Arti -- Patterson, Nick -- Song, Yunli -- Rohland, Nadin -- Palmer, Cameron D -- Chen, Gary K -- Wang, Kai -- Buxbaum, Sarah G -- Akylbekova, Ermeg L -- Aldrich, Melinda C -- Ambrosone, Christine B -- Amos, Christopher -- Bandera, Elisa V -- Berndt, Sonja I -- Bernstein, Leslie -- Blot, William J -- Bock, Cathryn H -- Boerwinkle, Eric -- Cai, Qiuyin -- Caporaso, Neil -- Casey, Graham -- Cupples, L Adrienne -- Deming, Sandra L -- Diver, W Ryan -- Divers, Jasmin -- Fornage, Myriam -- Gillanders, Elizabeth M -- Glessner, Joseph -- Harris, Curtis C -- Hu, Jennifer J -- Ingles, Sue A -- Isaacs, William -- John, Esther M -- Kao, W H Linda -- Keating, Brendan -- Kittles, Rick A -- Kolonel, Laurence N -- Larkin, Emma -- Le Marchand, Loic -- McNeill, Lorna H -- Millikan, Robert C -- Murphy, Adam -- Musani, Solomon -- Neslund-Dudas, Christine -- Nyante, Sarah -- Papanicolaou, George J -- Press, Michael F -- Psaty, Bruce M -- Reiner, Alex P -- Rich, Stephen S -- Rodriguez-Gil, Jorge L -- Rotter, Jerome I -- Rybicki, Benjamin A -- Schwartz, Ann G -- Signorello, Lisa B -- Spitz, Margaret -- Strom, Sara S -- Thun, Michael J -- Tucker, Margaret A -- Wang, Zhaoming -- Wiencke, John K -- Witte, John S -- Wrensch, Margaret -- Wu, Xifeng -- Yamamura, Yuko -- Zanetti, Krista A -- Zheng, Wei -- Ziegler, Regina G -- Zhu, Xiaofeng -- Redline, Susan -- Hirschhorn, Joel N -- Henderson, Brian E -- Taylor, Herman A Jr -- Price, Alkes L -- Hakonarson, Hakon -- Chanock, Stephen J -- Haiman, Christopher A -- Wilson, James G -- Reich, David -- Myers, Simon R -- 090532/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- CA060691/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA092447/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA100374/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA100598/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA1116460/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA1116460S1/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA121197/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA121197S2/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA127219/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA1326792/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA140388/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA141716/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA148085/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA148127/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA22453/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA54281/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA55769/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA58223/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA63464/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA68485/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA68578/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA77305/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA87895/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA88164/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- ES007784/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- ES011126/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- ES06717/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- ES10126/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- GM08016/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM091332/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HD33175/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HG004726/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- HHSN268200960009C/PHS HHS/ -- HL084107/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- N01-HC-65226/HC/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P30 ES010126/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA052689/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA092447/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG006399/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL084107-04/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01-CA73629/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U01 HG004168/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U01 HG004168-03/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- Intramural NIH HHS/ -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- England -- Nature. 2011 Jul 20;476(7359):170-5. doi: 10.1038/nature10336.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford University, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21775986" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa, Western/ethnology ; African Americans/*genetics ; Alleles ; Amino Acid Motifs ; Base Sequence ; Chromosome Mapping ; Crossing Over, Genetic/*genetics ; Europe/ethnology ; European Continental Ancestry Group/genetics ; Evolution, Molecular ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Genetics, Population ; Genome, Human/*genetics ; Genomics ; Haplotypes/genetics ; Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Pedigree ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics ; Probability
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antiprotozoal quinones. II. Synthesis of 4-amino-1,2-naphthoquinones and related compounds as potential antimalarials (1970)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of medicinal chemistry 13 (1970), S. 97-103 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-4804
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jm00295a025
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    4He atom reflection from rough liquid4He surfaces (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of low temperature physics 101 (1995), S. 531-536 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7357
    Keywords: 67.40
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract When an atom is evaporated from or added to a free liquid surface there is a density perturbation of the surface. We have detected this surface spoiling using a4He atomic beam at glancing angles to the surface. With a perfect free liquid surface some of the atoms reflect specularly and some condense. We find that the specular reflection coefficient decreases as the surface is spoiled by another beam of4He atoms. The degree of spoiling as measured by the decrease in reflectivity, is initially proportional to the spoiling beam flux, but at higher fluxes the spoiling saturates. A phenomenological model is developed to describe this behaviour.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00753349
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lifetimes of Fast R+ Rotons due to Scattering by Thermal Phonons in Superfluid 4He (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of low temperature physics 110 (1998), S. 425-430 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7357
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We have injected R + rotons into superfluid 4 He at low temperatures (0.05K〈T〈0.25K), and measured the attenuation of roton → atom quantum evaporation signals with increasing liquid temperature. The most important cause of this attenuation is the interaction of the rotons with thermal phonons via the R + p → R′ + p′ process. As the liquid temperature is increased, we find that the fastest rotons are attenuated more than the slower rotons. This corresponds to a scattering rate which increases with roton velocity due to the increasing density of final states. We have modelled the attenuation using Landau and Khalatnikov's expression for the interaction between rotons and phonons. This yields the observed behaviour of the roton mean free path as a function of velocity. The mean free paths and lifetimes of the fastest rotons are ≍ two orders of magnitude shorter than those of the slowest rotons observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022521824905
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Fast Pulsed Source of Ballistic R− Rotons in Superfluid 4He (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of low temperature physics 110 (1998), S. 455-460 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7357
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Superfluid 4 He is unique in having well-defined excitations (R − rotons) with momentum oppositely directed to their velocity. If a beam of R − rotons can be produced, it could be unambiguously detected by quantum evaporation because the atoms will emerge in the opposite quadrant to that for atoms evaporated by R + rotons and phonons. Previous work shows that a heated metal film which is immersed in superfluid 4 He only creates phonons and R + rotons. A sponge-like heater does appear to produce R − rotons but, because it has a long time constant, it cannot be used in time of flight studies. We have developed a source that produces fast pulses of R − rotons suitable for time of flight measurements. The method uses interactions between R + rotons to create R − rotons, so a transient high density of R + rotons in a small confined volume is needed. The source appears to operate as we expect from a model of the evolution of the R + and R − roton populations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022582010793
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Elastic reflection of4He atoms from the surface of liquid4He (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of low temperature physics 100 (1995), S. 105-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7357
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The reflection of incident4He atoms from the surface of liquid4He can yield information on the microscopic features of the liquid at the surface. Edwards et al. have measured this reflectivity and have developed a theoretical model which successfully described the measurements. However, the density profile of the liquid4He surface has recently been determined experimentally, and this can now be used to model the reflectivity without any freely adjustable parameters. We use this density profile and the experimentally-determined interatomic pair potential to derive an effective potential for the incoming atom, and then solve the single-particle Schroedinger equation to find the reflectivity as a function of wavevector perpendicular to the surface. Within the uncertainty in the density profile and interatomic potential, we have chosen values that give good agreement between the measured and calculated reflectivities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00753838
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaporation Probability of R− Rotons Relative to R+ Rotons in Superfluid 4He (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of low temperature physics 113 (1998), S. 615-620 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7357
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The evaporation of superfluid 4 He by rotons is investigated using a recently developed pulsed source of both positive (R + ) and negative (R − ) group velocity rotons. The R + and R − rotons have very different momenta parallel to the free liquid surface and this causes angular dispersion of the two beams of evaporated atoms in the vacuum. On moving a bolometer horizontally through these beams, we find that the maximum flux of atoms from R − rotons occurs at an angle corresponding to an average R − roton energy of ħω/k B ≃ 10.5 K. The signal at this angle is compared with the evaporation signal at the maximum flux caused by R + rotons. These R + rotons have an average energy of ≃ 10.7K. The relative sizes of these two signals enables an estimate to be made of the probability of evaporation by R − rotons relative to that for R + rotons. We find that «P −a »/«P +a » ≃ 4 × 10−3 where the brackets signify averages over the angles and energies allowed by the geometry of the experiment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022501623126
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spatial Evolution of High Frequency Phonons in Superfluid 4He from a Pulse-Heated Metal Film (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of low temperature physics 113 (1998), S. 621-626 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7357
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract An almost monochromatic spectrum of high frequency (ħω/k B ∼ 10 K) phonons in superfluid 4 He is created by a short (∼ 0.1μs) pulse of Joule-heating in a metal film submerged in the liquid at saturated vapour pressure (svp). These phonons have lifetimes that tend to infinity as T → 0, and are the ones effective in quantum evaporation experiments. Most of these high frequency (hf) phonons are not injected into the liquid 4 He across the metal—liquid interface, but are created in the liquid by energy-increasing interactions which begin with the injected phonons of much lower energy (ħω/k B ∼ 1 K). These hf phonons are created up to ∼ 5 millimetres in front of the heater, hence the time of flight from a heater to a detector only gives an approximate value (lower bound) of their energies. Here we present measurements at svp of phonon energy fluxes in liquid 4 He at various distances from a pulse-heated metal film. Analysis of these signals gives an improved determination of the hf phonon spectrum (peaked at 10.20 ± 0.05 K with HWHM ≃ 0.2 K on the high energy side).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022553607196
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