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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Apolipoprotein(a) [apo(a)] contains a variable number of identical (K-IV A/B) or nearly identical (K-IV 1, K-IV 30–37) kringle repeats that are homologous to K-IV from plasminogen. The sizes of 414 apo(a) alleles were determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) of KpnI-digested DNA. Furthermore, sequence variation in the apo(a) K-IV 30–37 domain was analysed. Reverse transcription/polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) cloning of human liver poly A+ RNA followed by sequencing revealed a single nucleotide exchange in the ultimate K-IV (K-IV 37) of apo(a) (codon 4168); this results in an ATG (Met) to ACG (Thr) substitution. A PCR-based restriction assay of genomic DNA demonstrated that this substitution represents a common polymorphism. In 231 unrelated Tyroleans, the frequencies for the K-IV 37 Thr and K-IV 37 Met alleles were 0.66 and 0.34, respectively. The phase between the K-IV 37 Met/Thr and the KpnI size polymorphism was determined for 224 alleles. A significant linkage disequilibrium was detected between the sequence and size polymorphisms of apo(a). K-IV 37 Met was significantly associated with KpnI allele no. 18 (D AB= 0.0267 + 0.0101; χ2 = 10.09, df = 1). The Met/Thr polymorphism was further used to test whether deletions or duplications of K-IV 37 occur frequently in the apo(a) gene. Some 40 apo(a) alleles, 22 of which were from subjects that appeared to be double heterozygotes for K-IV repeat number and the Met/Thr variation were separated by PFGE and analysed for the 4168 Met/Thr polymorphism. The Met and Thr sequences were always present on different size alleles and no evidence for a duplication or deletion of K-IV 37 was obtained. This suggests that the copy number of K-IV 37 is invariable, in contrast to the highly variable K-IV A/B domain of the gene. The 4168 Met/Thr polymorphism had no effect on Lp(a) concentration, neither did it influence the lysine-binding property of the Lp(a) particle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European biophysics journal 14 (1987), S. 485-491 
    ISSN: 1432-1017
    Keywords: Lipid diffusion ; free volume ; excimers ; pressure ; model membranes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The translational diffusion of pyrene, pyrene butyric acid and pyrene decanoic acid has been determined in phosphatidylcholine bilayers of different chain length and under pressure up to 200 bars. In the liquid crystalline phase and at a given temperature the diffusion decreases with increasing chain length. At a constant reduced temperature, T red (about 10 K above the transition temperature), long chain lipids exhibit the fastest diffusion which is in disagreement with hydrodynamic models but favours free volume models for diffusion in lipid bilayers. The volume of activation, V act, calculated from the decrease of the diffusion coefficient with pressure, ∂ln D/∂P, depends on lipid chain length. V act decreases with decreasing lipid chain length at a given temperature, T=65°C, and increases at the reduced temperature. These results are again in agreement with the dependence of the diffusion on lipid chain length and therefore with the free volume model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 89 (1988), S. 3317-3322 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: X-ray diffraction measurements have been made on the nematic phase of T15 (4-cyano-4'-n-pentyl-p-terphenyl), as well as on the nematic and smectic A phases of RNO2 [4'-nitrophenyl-4-(4'-n-hexyloxy-benzoyloxy)-cinnamate]. The x-ray equipment used allows comparably high resolution measurements of liquid crystals. The inner reflexes show that both compounds possess a bilayer structure supposed as overlapping of polar cyano or nitro group of one molecule and the phenyl ring of the neighboring molecule. The molecular orientational distribution function f (β) has been calculated on the basis of intensity simulations of the outer reflexes. The orientational order parameter P2(cos β), P4(cos β), 〈P2〉 and 〈P4〉 have been determined from f (β). A strong decrease of 〈P2〉 and 〈P4〉 is observed at the smectic A–nematic phase transition temperature of RNO2.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 207 (1965), S. 1073-1075 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] AT elevated temperatures, Audubert et al.l~5 observed a faint emission of ultra-violet light from various azides by means of a photosensitive Geiger-Miiller counter. They ascribed the emission to the thermal decomposition of the specimens and assumed that the intensity of the radiation was a direct ...
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 73 (2002), S. 398-403 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A device is described which allows the measurement of the gas permeability of a single foam film upon variation of its thickness and specific interaction film free energy. A variable external pressure is applied on the film, which results in corresponding variations of the film thickness and the specific interaction film free energy. The apparatus allows the gas permeability of foam films to be investigated at different desired values of these quantities. The method can be used to gain information about the structure of the foam film. Small changes in the adsorption density in the stabilizing surfactant monolayers of the film result in dramatic changes of the permeability. Therefore measurements of the permeability coefficient may be used as a tool to detect variations in composition and structure of the film monolayers. This apparatus will also be extremely useful for the study of the permeation of pure gases and vapors and of gas separation by foam films for purposes of chemical technology or medicine. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 276 (1998), S. 518-523 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Key words Foam films ; film thickness ; contact angle
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract  In the present study a detailed investigation of the thickness and contact angles of foam films prepared from sodium dodecyl sulfate as a function of LiCl concentration was carried out. Concentration of LiCl was varied in a wide range from 0.05 to 2.0 M. It was found that in the investigated system Newton black foam films are formed at LiCl concentrations higher than 1.4 M. This observation is proved by contact angle measurements and calculated values for the change of interaction free energy between common and Newton black films.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of biometeorology 1 (1957), S. 207-210 
    ISSN: 1432-1254
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of biometeorology 1 (1957), S. 189-192 
    ISSN: 1432-1254
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of pest science 36 (1963), S. 16-16 
    ISSN: 1612-4766
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 58 (1966), S. 144-161 
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die permanente Aufstellung von jungen Ackerbohnen (Vicia faba) im Freiland, die ständig einen künstlich erzeugten, dichten Besatz mit Blattläusen (Aphis fabae) tragen, ermöglicht durch tägliches Absammeln der angelockten Marienkäfer (Coccinella septempunctata, 5-punctata, 10-punctata u.a.) die Ermittlung der potentiellen Populationsdichte dieser Coccinelliden. Ein bei Quedlinburg über 4 Jahre (1959–1962) durchgeführter Vergleich derselben mit dem Verlauf des Massenwechsels der Aphiden, insbesondere der Schwarzen Bohnenlaus, erweist auf Grund von Ei- und Fundatrizenzählungen Bowie quantitativen Gelbschalenfängen die korrespondierende Abhängigkeit ihres Räuber-Beute-Verhältnisses. Es ergibt sich im Normalfall ein Wechselrhythmus mit zweijähriger Phasenlänge, die für Aphis fabae auch aus einer 13jährigen Beobachtungsreihe Bowie Ergebnissen anderer Autoren hervorgeht (s. Abb. 2). Die Reduktion einer Blattlausübervermehrung durch im wesentlichen monovoltine Coccinelliden (im Jahre 1, s. Abb. 2) erfolgt dabei aber nicht durch die uberwinterten Käfer (und ihre Brut) während der Massenentfaltung auf den Feldern im Frühsommer. Sie entsteht vielmehr erst danach, während der dispersiven Phase der Aphiden auf unscheinbaren Sekundärwirten feuchter gebliebener Biotope, durch die infolge der reichlichen Beute stark angewachsene Jungkäferpopulationen Bowie durch den Reifefraß der nahebei uberwinterten Käfer im Früjahr des Jahres II an den bereits geschwächten fundatrigenen Aphidenkolonien. Die jetzt große Coccinellidenpopulation wird aber nunmehr ihrerseits dadurch geschwächt, daß es im folgenden Fruhsommer (Jahr II) für die überwinterten Weibchen, besonders aber für ihre Nachkommen, dann zu wenig Blattläuse als Beute gibt. Die daraus resultierende neue Coccinelliden-Generation ist infolgedessen wieder schwach. SiE erlaubt der Aphidenpopulation in der Dispersivphase des Spätsommers erfolgreiche Erholung, so daß sie auf den Winterwirten hohe Eidichte erzeugen und damit die Voraussetzung zu einer erneuten Gradation im Jahre III schaffen kann. Den Zusammenbruch der Übervermehrung von Aphiden auf den Kulturpflanzen im Frühsommer können die Coccinelliden so wenig wie andere aphidiphage Organismen herbeiführen, weil die verstärkte Käfergeneration notwendigerweise erst später erscheinen kann. Sie erfolgt vielmehr endogen durch dichteabhängige Induktion von spater zwangsläufig abwandernden Geflügelten. Die daraus regelmäßig entstehende Verödung der Blattlauskolonien täuscht eine Retrogradation somit nur vor. Eine Verlängerung der Gradationsphase (auf ein zweites Jahr) kann bei den Aphiden durch einen von der Norm abweichenden Witterungsverlauf zu Beginn der Vegetationsperiode entstehen. Der zu kühle Frühsommer 1962 verschob die Massenentfaltung der Alienicolen um etwa einen Monat (Abb. 2 oben). Dadurch blieb die Coccinellidenpopulation infolge Fehlens eines BeuteÜberflusses zum richtigen Zeitpunkt wider Erwarten klein, die der Aphiden infolgedessen ein zweites Jahr (1963) hock. In einem anderen Fall vermochten die Marienkäfer 1960 bei Mangel an Bobnenläusen — die sie vorher selbst reduziert hatten — auf eine andere reichlich vorhandene Beute (Kohlläuse) überzugreifen und so ihrerseits ein zweites Jahr hohe Dichte zu behalten (Abb. 2 unten), so daß die Aphis fabae-Population zwei Jahre klein blieb (1960 und 1961).
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