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1

Electronic Resource

Antistaphylococcic Factors in Brain Extract (1957)

BERGER, ALFRED J. ; SCHRAMM, GUENTER ; HAMAGAMI, LUKE T. ; [et al.]

[s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group

Nature 179 (1957), S. 588-589

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ISSN: 1476-4687

Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009

Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics

Notes: [Auszug] The active material is essentially stable between pH 2*5 and 9 and to heat. It is soluble in water and the more polar solvents. Percolation of the crude extract through the strong cation exchange resin, 'Amberlite IjR-1005, followed by elution with dilute pyridine increased the activity ...

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/179588a0

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2

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Scaling and transport analysis of divertor conditions on the Alcator C-Mod tokamak (1995)

LaBombard, B. ; Goetz, J. ; Kurz, C. ; [et al.]

[S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)

Physics of Plasmas 2 (1995), S. 2242-2248

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ISSN: 1089-7674

Source: AIP Digital Archive

Topics: Physics

Notes: Detailed measurements and transport analysis of divertor conditions in Alcator C-Mod [Phys. Plasmas 1, 1511 (1994)] are presented for a range of line-averaged densities, 0.7〈n¯e〈2.2×1020 m−3. Three parallel heat transport regimes are evident in the scrape-off layer: sheath-limited conduction, high-recycling divertor, and detached divertor, which can coexist in the same discharge. Local cross-field pressure gradients are found to scale simply with a local electron temperature. This scaling is consistent with classical electron parallel conduction being balanced by anomalous cross-field transport (χ⊥∼0.2 m2 s−1) proportional to the local pressure gradient. A 60%–80% of divertor power is radiated in attached discharges, approaching 100% in detached discharges. Detachment occurs when the heat flux to the plate is low and the plasma pressure is high (Te∼5 eV). High neutral pressures in the divertor are nearly always present (1–20 mTorr), sufficient to remove parallel momentum via ion–neutral collisions. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.871248

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3

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Transport experiments in Alcator-C-Mod (1995)

Greenwald, M. ; Boivin, R. L. ; Bonoli, P. ; [et al.]

[S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)

Physics of Plasmas 2 (1995), S. 2308-2313

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ISSN: 1089-7674

Source: AIP Digital Archive

Topics: Physics

Notes: A series of transport experiments has been carried out in Alcator-C-Mod. [Phys Plasmas 1, 1511 (1994)]. Data from both Ohmic and ICRF (ion cyclotron range of frequencies) heated plasmas can be fitted with an L-mode (low mode) scaling law. The Ohmic τE's show no scaling with density in any regime and can reach values of 2–3 times neo-Alcator. Impurity confinement has been studied with the laser blow-off technique with τI showing nearly linear scaling with plasma current. Ohmic and ICRF H modes are obtained over a wide range of discharge parameters, extending the range in the international database for nB, by almost a factor of 10. The power threshold for ELM-free (edge localized mode) discharges is in rough agreement with the scaling P/S=0.044nB. Energy diffusivities of Ohmic and ICRF heated plasmas have been measured from local analysis of plasma profiles and power fluxes. The same analysis produces a value for plasma resistivity which lies between the Spitzer and neoclassical calculations. Analysis of plasma transients have yielded values for particle diffusivity and convection velocity. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.871254

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4

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CO2 laser polarimeter for measurement of plasma current profile in Alcator C-Mod : Proceedings of the tenth topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (1995)

Ma, C. H. ; Hutchinson, D. P. ; Richards, R. K. ; [et al.]

[S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)

Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 376-378

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ISSN: 1089-7623

Source: AIP Digital Archive

Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology

Notes: A multichannel infrared polarimeter system for measurement of the plasma current profile in Alcator C-Mod has been designed, constructed, and tested. The system utilizes a cw CO2 laser at a wavelength of 10.6 μm. An electro-optic polarization-modulation technique has been used to achieve the high sensitivity required for the measurement. The recent results of the measurements as well as the feasibility of its application on international thermonuclear experimental reactor are presented. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1146417

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5

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Technique for the removal of electrons from an extracted, pulsed, H− ion beam (1996)

Perkins, Luke T. ; Herz, P. R. ; Leung, K. N. ; [et al.]

[S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)

Review of Scientific Instruments 67 (1996), S. 3497-3500

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ISSN: 1089-7623

Source: AIP Digital Archive

Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology

Notes: A small, permanent-magnet insert structure for the removal of electrons from pulsed, extracted, negative ion beams has been developed at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. The device was computer modeled and designed for an extraction field strength of 3 kV/mm. The testing was carried out with a rf driven multicusp ion source optimized for the production of H− ions and pulsed at a few Hz with pulse widths of several hundreds of μs. It is demonstrated that the insert structure together with a collar can remove over 98% of electrons from the extracted H− ion beam without any significant deterioration of the H− ion output. Application to other negative ion beams can be expected from this magnetic collar insert. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1147166

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Deliquescence of nascent Sea Spray Aerosol (SSA) measured using VH-TDMA during the Surface Ocean Aerosol Production (SOAP) study to the Chatham Rise onboard the RV Tangaroa in 2012 (2020)

Cravigan, Luke T ; Mallet, Marc D ; Ristovski, Zoran ; [et al.]

PANGAEA

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Publication Date: 2023-07-06

Description: The SOAP voyage examined air-sea interactions over the productive waters of the Chatham Rise, east of New Zealand onboard the RV Tangaroa (New Zealand National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Wellington) from February 12 to March 7 (Law et al., 2017: doi:10.5194/acp-17-13645-2017). 23 seawater samples were collected throughout the voyage for the purpose of generating nascent SSA. Seawater samples were collected from the ocean surface during workboat operations (approximately 10 cm depth) or from the mixed layer (3 - 12 m depth, always less than the measured mixed layer depth) or deep water samples. Surface samples were collected in prewashed 5L PTFE bottles, subsurface measurements were colected in Niskin bottles onboard a CTD rosette. Nascent SSA was generated in-situ in a 0.45 m3 cylindrical polytetrafluoroethylene chamber housing four sintered glass filters with porosities between 16 and 250 μm (Cravigan et al., 2019: https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2019-797). Dried and filtered compressed air was passed through the glass filters at a flow rate of 15.5 ± 3 L/min and resulting SSA was sampled from the headspace of the chamber. The volatility and hygroscopicity of nascent SSA was determined with a volatility and hygroscopicity tandem differential mobility analyser (VH-TDMA) (Johnson et al., 2004: doi:10.1016/j.jaerosci.2003.10.008, 2008: doi:10.1016/j.jaerosci.2008.05.005). A diffusion drier was used to dry the sample flow to 20 ± 5 % RH prior to characterisation by the VH-TDMA. The VH-TDMA used two TSI 3010 condensation particle counters. The aerosol sample flow rate for each scanning mobility particle sizer was 1 L/min, resulting in a total inlet flow of 2 L/min, the sheath flow for the pre-DMA, V-DMA and H-DMA were 11, 6 and 6 L/min, respectively. The dependence of HGF on RH at ambient temperature was measured for one water sample (workboat 9) to provide the deliquescence relative humidity (DRH). All VH-TDMA data were inverted using the TDMAinv algorithm (Gysel et al., 2009: doi:10.1016/j.jaerosci.2008.07.013). The seawater chlorophyll-a concentration was measured by filtering 2 litres of sample water onto GF/F Whatman filters, with immediate freezing in liquid nitrogen and subsequent analysis within 3 months of collection. Filters were ground and chlorophyll-a extracted in 90 % acetone with concentration determined by a calibrated fluorometer (Perkin-Elmer), with an analytical precision of 0.001 mg/m3 (Law et al., 2011: doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2010.10.018).

Keywords: aerosols; ccn; Chatham Rise; DATE/TIME; Depth, description; FTIR; functional groups; Humidity, relative; Humidity, relative, maximum; Humidity, relative, minimum; Hygroscopic growth factor; Hygroscopic growth factor, raw counts; hygroscopicity; IBA; ion beam; Particle, geometric median diameter; PTFE bottle, 5L; sea spray; SOAP; SOAP (Surface Ocean Aerosol Production); SSA; TAN1203; Tangaroa; TDMA; Temperature, water; volatility; Volatility-Hygroscopicity Tandem Differential Mobility Analyser (VH-TDMA); WB9

Type: Dataset

Format: text/tab-separated-values, 42292 data points

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Ion Beam Analysis (IBA) of submicron nascent Sea Spray Aerosol (SSA) measured during the Surface Ocean Aerosol Production (SOAP) study to the Chatham Rise (east of New Zealand) onboard the RV Tangaroa in 2012 (2020)

Cravigan, Luke T ; Mallet, Marc D ; Ristovski, Zoran ; [et al.]

PANGAEA

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Publication Date: 2023-07-06

Description: The SOAP voyage examined air-sea interactions over the productive waters of the Chatham Rise, east of New Zealand onboard the RV Tangaroa (New Zealand National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Wellington) from February 12 to March 7 (Law et al., 2017: doi:10.5194/acp-17-13645-2017). 23 seawater samples were collected throughout the voyage for the purpose of generating nascent SSA. Seawater samples were collected from the ocean surface during workboat operations (approximately 10 cm depth) or from the mixed layer (3 - 12 m depth, always less than the measured mixed layer depth) or deep water samples. Surface samples were collected in prewashed 5L PTFE bottles, subsurface measurements were colected in Niskin bottles onboard a CTD rosette. Nascent SSA was generated in-situ in a 0.45 m3 cylindrical polytetrafluoroethylene chamber housing four sintered glass filters with porosities between 16 and 250 μm (Cravigan et al., 2019: https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2019-797). Dried and filtered compressed air was passed through the glass filters at a flow rate of 15.5 ± 3 L/min and resulting SSA was sampled from the headspace of the chamber. Filters were collected for compositional analysis using transmission Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) and Ion Beam analysis (IBA). The nascent SSA was sampled through a 1 μm sharp cut cyclone (SCC 2.229PM1, BGI Inc., Waltham, Massachusetts) and collected on Teflon filters, with the sample confined to deposit on a 10 mm circular area. Back filter blanks were used to characterise the contamination during handling, and before analysis samples were dehydrated to remove all water, including SSA hydrates, as described in (Frossard and Russell, 2012: doi:10.1021/es3032083). Filter samples underwent simultaneous particle induced X-ray emission (PIXE) and gamma ray emission (PIGE) analysis (Cohen et al., 2004: doi:10.1016/j.nimb.2004.01.043). Si was the only compound with blank measurements above the IBA detection limit. The measured S mass was used to calculate the SO4 mass, all S was assumed to be in the form of SO4. The filter exposed area (0.785 cm2) was used to convert inorganic areal concentrations into total mass. The inorganic mass (IM) was computed as the sum of Na, Mg, SO4, Cl, K, Ca, Zn, Br and Sr. The seawater chlorophyll-a concentration was measured by filtering 2 litres of sample water onto GF/F Whatman filters, with immediate freezing in liquid nitrogen and subsequent analysis within 3 months of collection. Filters were ground and chlorophyll-a extracted in 90 % acetone with concentration determined by a calibrated fluorometer (Perkin-Elmer), with an analytical precision of 0.001 mg/m3 (Law et al., 2011: doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2010.10.018).

Keywords: aerosols; Bromine per total inorganic mass fraction; Calcium per total inorganic mass fraction; ccn; Chatham Rise; Chloride per total inorganic mass fraction; CTD/Rosette; CTD-RO; Date/Time of event; Depth, description; DEPTH, water; Event label; FTIR; functional groups; hygroscopicity; IBA; Inorganic mass, total; ion beam; Latitude of event; Longitude of event; Magnesium per total inorganic mass fraction; Potassium per total inorganic mass fraction; PTFE bottle, 5L; sea spray; Simultaneous particle induced X-ray emission (PIXE) and gamma ray emission (PIGE) analysis; SOAP; SOAP (Surface Ocean Aerosol Production); Sodium per total inorganic mass fraction; SSA; Strontium per total inorganic mass fraction; Sulfate per total inorganic mass fraction; TAN1203; Tangaroa; TDMA; U7505; U7506; U7507; U7508; U7510; U7518; U7520; U7521; U7524; U7528; U7530; U7532; volatility; WB1; WB10; WB4; WB5; WB6; WB7; WB8; WB9; Zinc per total inorganic mass fraction

Type: Dataset

Format: text/tab-separated-values, 213 data points

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Organic volume fraction and hygroscopic growth factor of nascent Sea Spray Aerosol (SSA) measured using VH-TDMA during the Surface Ocean Aerosol Production (SOAP) study to the Chatham Rise (east of New Zealand) onboard the RV Tangaroa in 2012 (2020)

Cravigan, Luke T ; Mallet, Marc D ; Ristovski, Zoran ; [et al.]

PANGAEA

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Publication Date: 2023-07-06

Description: The SOAP voyage examined air-sea interactions over the productive waters of the Chatham Rise, east of New Zealand onboard the RV Tangaroa (New Zealand National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Wellington) from February 12 to March 7 (Law et al., 2017: doi:10.5194/acp-17-13645-2017). 23 seawater samples were collected throughout the voyage for the purpose of generating nascent SSA. Seawater samples were collected from the ocean surface during workboat operations (approximately 10 cm depth) or from the mixed layer (3 - 12 m depth, always less than the measured mixed layer depth) or deep water samples. Surface samples were collected in prewashed 5L PTFE bottles, subsurface measurements were colected in Niskin bottles onboard a CTD rosette. Nascent SSA was generated in-situ in a 0.45 m3 cylindrical polytetrafluoroethylene chamber housing four sintered glass filters with porosities between 16 and 250 μm (Cravigan et al., 2019: https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2019-797). Dried and filtered compressed air was passed through the glass filters at a flow rate of 15.5 ± 3 L/min and resulting SSA was sampled from the headspace of the chamber. The volatility and hygroscopicity of nascent SSA was determined with a volatility and hygroscopicity tandem differential mobility analyser (VH-TDMA) (Johnson et al., 2004: doi:10.1016/j.jaerosci.2003.10.008, 2008: doi:10.1016/j.jaerosci.2008.05.005). A diffusion drier was used to dry the sample flow to 20 ± 5 % RH prior to characterisation by the VH-TDMA. The VH-TDMA was also used to calculate the organic volume fraction (Cravigan et al., 2019: https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2019-797). The VH-TDMA used two TSI 3010 condensation particle counters. The aerosol sample flow rate for each scanning mobility particle sizer was 1 L/min, resulting in a total inlet flow of 2 L/min, the sheath flow for the pre-DMA, V-DMA and H-DMA were 11, 6 and 6 L/min, respectively. The SSA volatile fraction was computed by measuring the diameter of preselected SSA upon heating by a thermodenuder up to 500 degree C, in temperature increments of 5 degree C - 50 degree C. After heating the SSA hygroscopic growth factor at 90% RH was measured. All VH-TDMA data were inverted using the TDMAinv algorithm (Gysel et al., 2009: doi:10.1016/j.jaerosci.2008.07.013). The hygroscopic growth factor, semi-volatile organic volume fraction and low volatility organic volume fraction were determined as outlined in (Cravigan et al., 2019: doi:10.5194/acp-2019-797). The seawater chlorophyll-a concentration was measured by filtering 2 litres of sample water onto GF/F Whatman filters, with immediate freezing in liquid nitrogen and subsequent analysis within 3 months of collection. Filters were ground and chlorophyll-a extracted in 90 % acetone with concentration determined by a calibrated fluorometer (Perkin-Elmer), with an analytical precision of 0.001 mg/m3 (Law et al., 2011: doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2010.10.018).

Keywords: aerosols; Calibrated fluorometer (Perkin-Elmer); ccn; Chatham Rise; Chlorophyll a; CTD/Rosette; CTD-RO; Date/Time of event; Depth, description; DEPTH, water; Event label; FTIR; functional groups; Hygroscopic growth factor; hygroscopicity; IBA; ion beam; Latitude of event; Longitude of event; Organic volume fraction, low-volatile; Organic volume fraction, semi-volatile; Particle, geometric median diameter; PTFE bottle, 5L; Sea-salt hydrates, volume fraction; sea spray; SOAP; SOAP (Surface Ocean Aerosol Production); SSA; TAN1203; Tangaroa; TDMA; U7505; U7506; U7507; U7508; U7510; U7518; U7520; U7521; U7524; U7528; U7530; U7532; volatility; Volatility-Hygroscopicity Tandem Differential Mobility Analyser (VH-TDMA); WB1; WB10; WB4; WB5; WB6; WB7; WB8; WB9

Type: Dataset

Format: text/tab-separated-values, 167 data points

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Fourier Transform Infra-Red spectroscopy (FTIR) of submicron nascent Sea Spray Aerosol (SSA) measured during the Surface Ocean Aerosol Production (SOAP) study to the Chatham Rise (east of New Zealand) onboard the RV Tangaroa in 2012 (2020)

Cravigan, Luke T ; Mallet, Marc D ; Ristovski, Zoran ; [et al.]

PANGAEA

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Publication Date: 2023-07-06

Description: The SOAP voyage examined air-sea interactions over the productive waters of the Chatham Rise, east of New Zealand onboard the RV Tangaroa (New Zealand National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Wellington) from February 12 to March 7 (Law et al., 2017: doi:10.5194/acp-17-13645-2017). 23 seawater samples were collected throughout the voyage for the purpose of generating nascent SSA. Seawater samples were collected from the ocean surface during workboat operations (approximately 10 cm depth) or from the mixed layer (3 - 12 m depth, always less than the measured mixed layer depth) or deep water samples. Surface samples were collected in prewashed 5L PTFE bottles, subsurface measurements were colected in Niskin bottles onboard a CTD rosette. Nascent SSA was generated in-situ in a 0.45 m3 cylindrical polytetrafluoroethylene chamber housing four sintered glass filters with porosities between 16 and 250 μm (Cravigan et al., 2019: https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2019-797). Dried and filtered compressed air was passed through the glass filters at a flow rate of 15.5 ± 3 L/min and resulting SSA was sampled from the headspace of the chamber. Filters were collected for compositional analysis using transmission Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) and Ion Beam analysis (IBA). The nascent SSA was sampled through a 1 μm sharp cut cyclone (SCC 2.229PM1, BGI Inc., Waltham, Massachusetts) and collected on Teflon filters, with the sample confined to deposit on a 10 mm circular area. Back filter blanks were used to characterise the contamination during handling, and before analysis samples were dehydrated to remove all water, including SSA hydrates, as described in (Frossard and Russell, 2012: doi:10.1021/es3032083). FTIR measurements were carried out according to previous marine sampling techniques (Maria et al., 2003: doi:10.1029/2003jd003703; Russell et al., 2010: doi:10.1073/pnas.0908905107). Filter blanks were under the detection limit for the FTIR. The PM1 organic mass fraction from SSA samples collected on filters was computed from the total organic mass from FTIR analysis and the inorganic mass from ion beam analysis, as in (Cravigan et al., 2019: doi:10.5194/acp-2019-797). The uncertainty in the organic mass measured using FTIR is up to 20 % (Maria et al., 2003: doi:10.1029/2003jd003703; Russell et al., 2010: doi:10.1073/pnas.0908905107). The seawater chlorophyll-a concentration was measured by filtering 2 litres of sample water onto GF/F Whatman filters, with immediate freezing in liquid nitrogen and subsequent analysis within 3 months of collection. Filters were ground and chlorophyll-a extracted in 90 % acetone with concentration determined by a calibrated fluorometer (Perkin-Elmer), with an analytical precision of 0.001 mg/m3 (Law et al., 2011: doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2010.10.018).

Keywords: Acid functional groups per total organic mass fraction; aerosols; Alcohol functional groups per total organic mass fraction; Alkane functional groups per total organic mass fraction; Amine functional groups per total organic mass fraction; Carbonyl functional groups per total organic mass fraction; ccn; Chatham Rise; Chlorophyll a; CTD/Rosette; CTD-RO; Date/Time of event; Depth, description; DEPTH, water; Event label; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR); FTIR; functional groups; hygroscopicity; IBA; ion beam; Latitude of event; Longitude of event; Organic mass, total; Organic mass fraction; PTFE bottle, 5L; sea spray; SOAP; SOAP (Surface Ocean Aerosol Production); SSA; TAN1203; Tangaroa; TDMA; U7505; U7506; U7507; U7508; U7510; U7518; U7520; U7521; U7524; U7528; U7530; U7532; volatility; WB1; WB10; WB4; WB5; WB6; WB7; WB8; WB9

Type: Dataset

Format: text/tab-separated-values, 174 data points

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