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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Leaf respiration is differentially affected by leaf vs. stand-level night-time warming (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Global change biology 8 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography
    Notes: Plant respiration is an important physiological process in the global carbon cycle serving as a major carbon flux from the biosphere to the atmosphere. Respiration is sensitive to temperature providing a link between environmental variability, climate change and the global carbon cycle. We measured leaf respiration in Populus deltoides after manipulating the air temperature surrounding part of a single leaf, and compared this to the temperature response of the same leaves after manipulating the temperature of the stand. The short-term temperature response of respiration (Q10– change in the respiration rate with a 10 °C increase in leaf temperature) was 1.7 when the leaf temperature was manipulated, but 2.1 when the stand-level temperature was changed. As a result, total night-time carbon release during the five-day experiment was 21% lower when using the Q10 estimates from the tradition leaf manipulation compared to the stand-level manipulation. We conclude that the temperature response of leaf respiration is related to whole plant carbon and energy demands, and that appropriate experimental procedures are required in examining respiratory CO2 release under variable temperature conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2002.00487.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of elevated atmospheric CO2 and drought on sources and sinks of isoprene in a temperate and tropical rainforest mesocosm (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Global change biology 11 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography
    Notes: Isoprene is the most abundant volatile hydrocarbon emitted by many tree species and has a major impact on tropospheric chemistry, leading to formation of pollutants and enhancing the lifetime of methane, a powerful greenhouse gas. Reliable estimates of global isoprene emission from different ecosystems demand a clear understanding of the processes of both production and consumption. Although the biochemistry of isoprene production has been studied extensively and environmental controls over its emission are relatively well known, the study of isoprene consumption in soil has been largely neglected.Here, we present results on the production and consumption of isoprene studied by measuring the following different components: (1) leaf and soil and (2) at the whole ecosystem level in two distinct enclosed ultraviolet light-depleted mesocosms at the Biosphere 2 facility: a cottonwood plantation with trees grown at ambient and elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations and a tropical rainforest, under well watered and drought conditions. Consumption of isoprene by soil was observed in both systems. The isoprene sink capacity of litter-free soil of the agriforest stands showed no significant response to different CO2 treatments, while isoprene production was strongly depressed by elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations. In both mesocosms, drought suppressed the sink capacity, but the full sink capacity of dry soil was recovered within a few hours upon rewetting. We conclude that soil uptake of atmospheric isoprene is likely to be modest but significant and needs to be taken into account for a comprehensive estimate of the global isoprene budget. More studies investigating the capacity of soils to uptake isoprene in natural conditions are clearly needed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.00986.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Elevated CO2 and temperature impacts on different components of soil CO2 efflux in Douglas-fir terracosms (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Global change biology 5 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography
    Notes: Although numerous studies indicate that increasing atmospheric CO2 or temperature stimulate soil CO2 efflux, few data are available on the responses of three major components of soil respiration [i.e. rhizosphere respiration (root and root exudates), litter decomposition, and oxidation of soil organic matter] to different CO2 and temperature conditions. In this study, we applied a dual stable isotope approach to investigate the impact of elevated CO2 and elevated temperature on these components of soil CO2 efflux in Douglas-fir terracosms. We measured both soil CO2 efflux rates and the 13C and 18O isotopic compositions of soil CO2 efflux in 12 sun-lit and environmentally controlled terracosms with 4-year-old Douglas fir seedlings and reconstructed forest soils under two CO2 concentrations (ambient and 200 ppmv above ambient) and two air temperature regimes (ambient and 4 °C above ambient). The stable isotope data were used to estimate the relative contributions of different components to the overall soil CO2 efflux. In most cases, litter decomposition was the dominant component of soil CO2 efflux in this system, followed by rhizosphere respiration and soil organic matter oxidation. Both elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration and elevated temperature stimulated rhizosphere respiration and litter decomposition. The oxidation of soil organic matter was stimulated only by increasing temperature. Release of newly fixed carbon as root respiration was the most responsive to elevated CO2, while soil organic matter decomposition was most responsive to increasing temperature. Although some assumptions associated with this new method need to be further validated, application of this dual-isotope approach can provide new insights into the responses of soil carbon dynamics in forest ecosystems to future climate changes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.1999.00211.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Monosoonal precipitation responses of shrubs in a cold desert community on the Colorado Plateau (1996)
    Springer
    Oecologia 106 (1996), S. 8-17 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Climate change ; Desert shrubs ; Colorado plateau ; Stable isotope ratio ; Summer precipitation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract South-eastern Utah forms a northern border for the region currently influenced by the Arizona monosoonal system, which feeds moisture and summer precipitation into western North America. One major consequence predicted by global climate change scenarios is an intensification of monosoonal (summer) precipitation in the aridland areas of the western United States. We examined the capacity of dominant perennial shrubs in a Colorado Plateau cold desert ecosystem of southern Utah, United States, to use summer moisture inputs. We simulated increases of 25 and 50 mm summer rain events on Atriplex canescens, Artemisia filifolia, Chrysothamnus nauseosus, Coleogyne ramosissima, and Vanclevea stylosa, in July and September with an isotopically enriched water (enriched in deuterium but not 18O). The uptake of this artificial water source was estimated by analyzing hydrogen and oxygen isotope ratios of stem water. The predawn and midday xylem water potentials and foliar carbon isotope discrimination were measured to estimate changes in water status and water-use efficiency. At. canescens and Ch. nauseosus showed little if any uptake of summer rains in either July or September. The predawn and midday xylem water potentials for control and treatment plants of these two species were not significantly different from each other. For A. filifolia and V. stylosa, up to 50% of xylem water was from the simulated summer rain, but the predawn and midday xylem water potentials were not significantly affected by the additional summer moisture input. In contrast, C. ramosissima showed significant uptake of the simulated summer rain (〉50% of xylem water was from the artificial summer rain) and an increase in both predawn and midday water potentials. The percent uptake of simulated summer rain was greater when those rains were applied in September than in July, implying that high soil temperature in midsummer may in some way inhibit water uptake. Foliar carbon isotope discrimination increased significantly in the three shrubs taking up simulated summer rain, but pre-treatment differences in the absolute discrimination values were maintained among species. The ecological implications of our results are discussed in terms of the dynamics of this desert community in response to changes in the frequency and dependability of summer rains that might be associated with a northward shift in the Arizona monsoon boundary.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00334402
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ecosystem carbon exchange in two terrestrial ecosystem mesocosms under changing atmospheric CO2 concentrations (1999)
    Springer
    Oecologia 119 (1999), S. 97-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Key words Atmospheric CO2 ; Canopy photosynthesis ; Coastal desert ; Net ecosystem exchange ; Tropical rainforest
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The ecosystem-level carbon uptake and respiration were measured under different CO2 concentrations in the tropical rainforest and the coastal desert of Biosphere 2, a large enclosed facility. When the mesocosms were sealed and subjected to step-wise changes in atmospheric CO2 between daily means of 450 and 900 μmol mol−1, net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of CO2 was derived using the diurnal changes in atmospheric CO2 concentrations. The step-wise CO2 treatment was effectively replicated as indicated by the high repeatability of NEE measurements under similar CO2 concentrations over a 12-week period. In the rainforest mesocosm, daily NEE was increased significantly by the high CO2 treatments because of much higher enhancement of canopy CO2 assimilation relative to the increase in the nighttime ecosystem respiration under high CO2. Furthermore, the response of daytime NEE to increasing atmospheric CO2 in this mesocosm was not linear, with a saturation concentration of 750 μmol mol−1. In the desert mesocosm, a combination of a reduction in ecosystem respiration and a small increase in canopy CO2 assimilation in the high CO2 treatments also enhanced daily NEE. Although soil respiration was not affected by the short-term change in atmospheric CO2 in either mesocosm, plant dark respiration was increased significantly by the high CO2 treatments in the rainforest mesocosm while the opposite was found in the desert mesocosm. The high CO2 treatments increased the ecosystem light compensation points in both mesocosms. High CO2 significantly increased ecosystem radiation use efficiency in the rainforest mesocosm, but had a much smaller effect in the desert mesocosm. The desert mesocosm showed much lower absolute response in NEE to atmospheric CO2 than the rainforest mesocosm, probably because of the presence of C4 plants. This study illustrates the importance of large-scale experimental research in the study of complex global change issues.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004420050765
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative study of water uptake and photosynthetic gas exchange between scrub and fringe red mangroves, Rhizophora mangle L. (1992)
    Springer
    Oecologia 90 (1992), S. 399-403 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Water uptake ; Photosynthetic gas exchange ; Stable isotope ratios ; Water use efficiency ; Scrub mangroves
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The red mangrove (Rhizophora mangle L.) occurs frequently in both scrub and fringe mangrove forests. Our previous study demonstrated that individuals of this mangrove species growing in scrub and fringe forests differ significantly in both morphological and physiological characteristics. To further characterize physiological differences between scrub and fringe mangroves, we compared their differences in water uptake and photosynthetic gas exchange during different seasons. In the wet season (June–October, 1990), scrub mangroves showed lower δD and δ18O values of stem water than fringe mangroves, indicating more usage of rain-derived freshwater. In the dry season (Jan–April, 1991), however, scrub mangroves utilized the same water source as fringe mangroves, reflected by their similar δD and δ18O values of stem water. Consistently, there were significant differences in predawn water potentials between scrub and fringe mangroves in the wet season (October 1990) with higher values for scrub mangroves, but no significant differences in the dry season (January 1991). Higher elevation in the scrub forest seems to be the major factor responsible for the shift of water sources in scrub mangroves. On Apr. 27 and Aug. 8, 1990, scrub mangroves showed lower CO2 assimilation rate, stomatal conductance, and intercellular CO2 concentration than fringe mangroves. There were no differences in these gas exchange characteristics on the other two measuring dates: Oct. 17, 1990 and Jan. 11, 1991. Instantaneous water use efficiency was significantly higher for scrub mangroves than for fringe mangroves on three of the four sampling dates. Similarly, leaf carbon isotope discrimination of scrub mangroves was always significantly lower than that of fringe mangroves, indicating higher long-term water use efficiency. Higher water use efficiency in scrub mangroves is a result of stomatal limitation on photosynthesis, which may entail considerable carbon cost to the plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00317697
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  • 7
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    Changes in the Community Structure and Diet of Benthic Macrofauna in Invasive Spartina alterniflora Wetlands Following Restoration with Native Mangroves (2014)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-04-18
    Print ISSN: 0277-5212
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-6246
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer
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  • 8
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    Changes of photosynthetic capacity of some plant species under very high CO2 concentrations in Biosphere 2 (1997)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-05-01
    Print ISSN: 1001-6538
    Electronic ISSN: 1861-9541
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Springer
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  • 9
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    Applications of stable isotopes to study plant-animal relationships in terrestrial ecosystems (2004)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-11-01
    Print ISSN: 1001-6538
    Electronic ISSN: 1861-9541
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Springer
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  • 10
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    The AAA protein spastin possesses two levels of basal ATPase activity (2019)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: The AAA ATPase spastin is a microtubule‐severing enzyme that plays important roles in various cellular events including axon regeneration. Herein, we found that the basal ATPase activity of spastin is negatively regulated by spastin concentration. By determining a spastin crystal structure, we demonstrate the necessity of intersubunit interactions between spastin AAA domains. Neutralization of the positive charges in the microtubule‐binding domain (MTBD) of spastin dramatically decreases the ATPase activity at low concentration, although the ATP‐hydrolyzing potential is not affected. These results demonstrate that, in addition to the AAA domain, the MTBD region of spastin is also involved in regulating ATPase activity, making interactions between spastin protomers more complicated than expected.
    Print ISSN: 0014-5793
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-3468
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by Elsevier
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