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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The call-timing algorithm of the white-lipped frog,Leptodactylus albilabris (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 164 (1989), S. 309-319 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. The call-timing algorithm of the white-lipped frog,Leptodactylus albilabris, was studied in the field using playback of conspecific advertisement calls (‘chirps’) recorded with a digital electronic device developed for these studies. 2. A call refractory period is present. The interval between the onsets of successive chirps from one individual is always greater than this period of time. 3. Call timing is characterized further by a delayed, post-stimulus inhibition period during which a subject does not initiate a chirp. The calling gap produced by this delayed inhibition seems to be necessary for continued chorusing, and thus may be an important component of intraspecific communication in this species. 4. Calling males show spontaneous chirp interval distributions that suggest an underlying periodic call oscillator with noise or random variability. 5. Call timing was investigated also in one individual ofLeptodactylus melanonotus. Data from this frog suggest that call timing in this species also involves a noisy periodic call oscillator, a refractory period, and delayed, post-stimulus inhibition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00612991
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The tonotopic organization of the bullfrog amphibian papilla, an auditory organ lacking a basilar membrane (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 145 (1982), S. 437-445 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Intracellular dye-injection studies have revealed tonotopic organization of the bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) amphibian papilla, an auditory organ lacking a basilar membrane or its equivalent. The best excitatory frequency (BEF) for auditory stimuli was identified in each of twenty-nine VIIIth-nerve afferent axons that subsequently were traced to their peripheral terminations at the sensory surface. Among those axons, the five with BEFs greater than 550 Hz all terminated in the caudalmost region of the papilla, the ten with the BEFs greater than 300 Hz and less than or equal to 550 Hz all terminated in the central region of the papilla, and the fourteen with BEFs equal to or less than 300 Hz all terminated in the rostralmost region of the papilla (Fig. 4). The tectorium is very much larger and presumably more massive under the low-frequency region of the papilla than it is under the high-frequency region (Fig. 1). Higher-frequency axons tended to innervate few (one to four) receptor cells, and low-frequency axons tended to innervate many (six or more). Higher-frequency axons often terminated in large claw-like structures that engulfed the basal portions of individual hair cells and in this way were morphologically similar to type I terminals in the inner ears of higher vertebrates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00612809
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Seismic and auditory tuning curves from bullfrog saccular and amphibian papular axons (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 169 (1991), S. 241-248 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Sacculus ; Amphibian papilla ; Seismic ; Auditory
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary We present seismic and auditory frequency tuning curves of individual bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana, saccular and amphibian papilla axons that responded to both seismic and auditory stimuli. In this study we found: 1) most saccular axons respond well to auditory stimuli with moderate signal strength (50–70 dB SPL) as well as to seismic stimuli; 2) most amphibian papilla axons respond well to seismic stimuli as well as to auditory stimuli, and their seismic sensitivities are comparable to those of saccular axons (responding to sinusoidal stimuli with peak accelerations in the range 0.001 to 0.1 cm/s2); 3) the responses to both seismic and auditory stimuli from both saccule and amphibian papilla are tuned, i.e. the strength of the response varies with the frequency of the stimulus; and this tuning is clearly not the result of second order resonance; 4) in individual axons the tuning properties for seismic stimuli often are not the same as those for auditory stimuli, a fact that may provide clues about how the stimulus signal energy is transferred to the hair cells in each case.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00215871
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diversity of form in the amphibian papilla of Puerto Rican frogs (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 171 (1992), S. 421-435 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In modern frogs, the amphibian papilla exhibits a caudal extension whose shape, relative length, and proportion of hair cells vary markedly from species to species. Tuning in the caudal extension is organized tonotopically and evidently involves the tectorium. In terms of the proportion of amphibian-papillar hair cells in the caudal extension, we report more diversity among 8 species of a single genus (Eleutherodactylus) on a single island (Puerto Rico) than has been found so far among all of the (more than 50) other modern anurans examined for this feature from around the world. These 8 Puerto Rican species have overlapping habitat and conspicuous diversity in the male advertisement call. For 7 of the 8 species, we report that the call has transient spectral components in the frequency range of the amphibian papilla, and that the proportion of caudal extension hair cells and the frequency distribution of those components are correlated. Thus one might conclude that the selective pressures that led to diversity of calls among the 8 species also led to diversity in form of the amphibian papilla.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00194575
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Seismic signal transmission between burrows of the Cape mole-rat, Georychus capensis (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 170 (1992), S. 13-21 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Seismic signals ; Mole-rat ; Communication ; Footdrumming ; Georychus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Both seismic and auditory signals were tested for their propagation characteristics in a field study of the Cape mole-rat (Georychus capensis), a subterranean rodent in the family Bathyergidae. This solitary animal is entirely fossorial and apparently communicates with its conspecifics by alternately drumming its hind legs on the burrow floor. Signal production in this species is sexually dimorphic, and mate attraction is likely mediated primarily by seismic signalling between individuals in neighboring burrows. Measurements within, and at various distances away from, natural burrows suggest that seismic signals propagate at least an order of magnitude better than auditory signals. Moreover, using a mechanical thumper which could be triggered from a tape recording of the mole-rat's seismic signals, we established that the vertically-polarized surface wave (Rayleigh wave) propagates with less attenuation than either of the two horizontally-polarized waves. Thus, we tentatively hypothesize that Rayleigh waves subserve intraspecific communication in this species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00190397
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  • 6
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    Introduction to Bioengineering (1998)
    American Institute of Physics
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0031-9228
    Electronic ISSN: 1945-0699
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 7
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    Biological sensors (1986)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-02-01
    Print ISSN: 0250-6874
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-3050
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 8
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    An Introduction to the Mathematics of Neurons (1987)
    Cell Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987-05-01
    Print ISSN: 0166-2236
    Electronic ISSN: 1878-108X
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Cell Press
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  • 9
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    Studies with spike initiators - Linearization by noise allows continuous signal modulation in neural networks (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: It is shown that noise can be an important element in the translation of neuronal generator potentials (summed inputs) to neuronal spike trains (outputs), creating or expanding a range of amplitudes over which the spike rate is proportional to the generator potential amplitude. Noise converts the basically nonlinear operation of a spike initiator into a nearly linear modulation process. This linearization effect of noise is examined in a simple intuitive model of a static threshold and in a more realistic computer simulation of spike initiator based on the Hodgkin-Huxley (HH) model. The results are qualitatively similar; in each case larger noise amplitude results in a larger range of nearly linear modulation. The computer simulation of the HH model with noise shows linear and nonlinear features that were earlier observed in spike data obtained from the VIIIth nerve of the bullfrog. This suggests that these features can be explained in terms of spike initiator properties, and it also suggests that the HH model may be useful for representing basic spike initiator properties in vertebrates.
    Keywords: CYBERNETICS
    Type: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering (ISSN 0018-9294); 36; 36-43
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 10
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    Micromotional studies of utricular and canal afferents (1989)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The long-range goal of this research was to refine our understanding of the sensitivity of the vestibular components of the ear to very-low-amplitude motion, especially, the role of gravity in this sensitivity. We focused on the American bullfrog--a common animal subject for vestibular sensory research. Our principal experimental method was to apply precise, sinusoidal microrotational stimuli to an anesthetized animal subject, to record the resulting responses in an individual vestibular nerve fiber from the intact ear, and to use intracellular dye to trace the fiber and thus identify the vestibular sensor that gave rise to it. In this way, we were able to identify specific micromotional sensitivities and to associate those sensitivities definitely with specific sensors. Furthermore, by recording from nerve fibers after they leave the intact inner-ear cavity, we were able to achieve these identifications without interrupting the delicate micromechanics of the inner ear. We were especially concerned with the relative roles of the utricle and the anterior semicircular canal in the sensing of microrotational motion of the head about horizontal axes, and with the role of gravity in mediating that sensing process in the utricle. The functional characterization of individual nerve fibers was accomplished with a conventional analytical tool, the cycle histogram, in which the nerve impulse rate was plotted against the phase of the sinusoidal stimulus.
    Keywords: LIFE SCIENCES (GENERAL)
    Type: NASA-CR-192703 , NAS 1.26:192703
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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