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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrasonic communication in frogs (2006)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 440 (2006), S. 333-336 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Among vertebrates, only microchiropteran bats, cetaceans and some rodents are known to produce and detect ultrasounds (frequencies greater than 20 kHz) for the purpose of communication and/or echolocation, suggesting that this capacity might be restricted to mammals. Amphibians, reptiles ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature04416
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acoustics In a fly's ear (2001)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 410 (2001), S. 644-645 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The auditory systems of animals from insects to mammals are adept at detecting and identifying sounds — and, crucially, at locating their source. Although it is certainly helpful for a female tree frog to be informed of a male's presence in the vegetation from the sound of its call, it is ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35070695
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of the advertisement call oscillator in the frogEleutherodactylus coqui (1985)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 156 (1985), S. 223-229 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. Eleutherodactylus coqui treefrogs spontaneously produce advertisement calls. Intercall intervals are typically between 2 and 3 s. 2. When periodic tone burst stimuli were broadcast to individual frogs in the wild, their calling became entrained such that each vocalization occurred in the silent interval between stimulus tones. 3. For stimulus repetition periods similar to the nominal call repetition period (2.5 s), the mode of the distribution of intercall intervals (preferred interval) matched the interstimulus interval (1∶1 locking or entrainment). The preferred interval continued to match the interstimulus interval when the latter was varied over a range of approximately 1 s, or 40% of the nominal spontaneous intercall interval. Faster stimulus rates (shorter interstimulus intervals) resulted in 1∶2 locking, in which calls were produced for every second tone burst. 4. For each frog, the transition between 1∶1 and 1∶2 locking appeared to positively co-vary with the spontaneous preferred interval. 5. The frogs were able to track a pseudorandom sequence of long and short duration tones. Long duration tones tended to be spanned by long intercall intervals while short duration tones were spanned with shorter intervals. Cueing to tone offset is the most parsimonious explanation for such tracking ability. 6. These findings suggest that calling behavior inE. coqui is driven by an internal oscillator, the period of which may be adjusted over a considerable range in order to entrain to an external acoustic stimulus. Furthermore, the period of the oscillator may be changed within a single call cycle in response to a pseudorandom sequence of stimuli.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00610865
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intensity discrimination and the precision of call timing in two species of neotropical treefrogs (1983)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 153 (1983), S. 403-412 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. Field acoustic playback experiments were conducted with maleEleutherodactylus coqui andE. portoricensis. Periodic tone bursts of intensities similar to natural sounds in the habitat of the frogs were used to create sonic interference. The period between tone bursts, the ‘time window’, was varied in duration and in intensity relative to the tone burst. 2. Males of both species suppressed vocalizations during the stimulus tone bursts. The amount of suppression decreased as the tone burst was lengthened. 3. Males of bothE. coqui andE. portoricensis suppressed calling in response to tone bursts of 0.40 to 2.0 kHz, a range which encompasses the principal frequency components present in their vocalizations. 4. BothE. coqui andE. portoricensis initiated significantly (P〈0.01) more calls within the time windows between stimulus tone bursts than would be expected by chance when the window duration was as short as 0.25 s and 0.10 s, respectively. These durations are approximately 10% of the spontaneous call repetition periods for each species. 5. E. coqui initiated significantly (P〈0.01) more calls than would be expected by chance in tone-filled time ‘windows’ which were only 4 to 6 dB less intense than the tone bursts. This ability of intensity discrimination under sonically adverse natural field conditions indicates a level of performance in the same range as that of mammals. 6. The ability of frogs to call preferentially during very brief silent periods or during periods of slight intensity reductions is viewed as an adaptation for avoiding acoustic interference, and thus improves the efficiency of acoustic communication in an intense and complex sonic environment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00612594
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The call-timing algorithm of the white-lipped frog,Leptodactylus albilabris (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 164 (1989), S. 309-319 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. The call-timing algorithm of the white-lipped frog,Leptodactylus albilabris, was studied in the field using playback of conspecific advertisement calls (‘chirps’) recorded with a digital electronic device developed for these studies. 2. A call refractory period is present. The interval between the onsets of successive chirps from one individual is always greater than this period of time. 3. Call timing is characterized further by a delayed, post-stimulus inhibition period during which a subject does not initiate a chirp. The calling gap produced by this delayed inhibition seems to be necessary for continued chorusing, and thus may be an important component of intraspecific communication in this species. 4. Calling males show spontaneous chirp interval distributions that suggest an underlying periodic call oscillator with noise or random variability. 5. Call timing was investigated also in one individual ofLeptodactylus melanonotus. Data from this frog suggest that call timing in this species also involves a noisy periodic call oscillator, a refractory period, and delayed, post-stimulus inhibition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00612991
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of masking noise on evoked calling in the Puerto Rican coqui (Anura: Leptodactylidae) (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 147 (1982), S. 439-446 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. When appropriate synthetic call notes were broadcast to calling maleEleutherodactylus coqui in their natural habitat, the frogs responded by dropping the second note of their advertisement call. Broadband noise was used to mask the synthetic call notes, enabling an ‘effective critical ratio’ (ECR) to be derived. 2. Two classes of masking functions were found: monotonically decreasing masking functions and peaked masking functions. Two hypotheses are presented to account for the existence of these distinct functional classes. 3. The ECR forE. coqui was a function of the stimulus tone level used for its determination. At the lowest level (65 dB SPL), the ECR at 1 kHz was 31 dB. 4. Synthetic call notes were presented in noise of various bandwidths but of constant total power. The ‘effective critical band’ (ECB) at 1 kHz forE. coqui in its natural habitat was estimated to be 500 Hz. 5. These results are discussed in relation to the adaptations ofE. coqui for species-specific communication in a highly noisy environment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00612008
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Communicative significance of the two-note call of the treefrogEleutherodactylus coqui (1978)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 127 (1978), S. 1-9 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Male treefrogs,Eleutherodactylus coqui, on the island of Puerto Rico produce a two-note “Co-Qui” advertisement call throughout most of the year. To determine the communicative significance of two notes in this species' call, natural and synthetic acoustic stimuli were broadcast to calling males in the rain forest. 1. When the playback intensity of the natural or synthetic two-note call exceeds a threshold level, males answer by uttering just a “Co” note about 42% of the time. 2. Reversing the stimulus note sequence, namely “Qui-Co”, is as effective as the normal “Co-Qui” sequence in evoking the male's one-note response. 3. Playback of the “Qui” note alone has relatively little effect on male calling behavior. 4. The “Co” note presented alone is equally effective as the complete natural call in evoking the one-note response from a male. 5. The duration and frequency content of the “Co” note in a natural call are optimal in evoking a male's one-note response.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00611921
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Behavioral refractory period in neotropical treefrogs (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 148 (1982), S. 337-344 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. The evoked vocal responses of the treefrogsEleutherodactylus coqui andHyla ebraccata were studied in their natural habitats. Acoustic playback experiments were performed in which the animals' vocalizations were used to trigger the production of a synthetic acoustic stimulus, after an appropriate delay. 2. For each species, there was a time period immediately following the frog's call during which an acoustic stimulus was almost completely ineffective at eliciting synchronized responses from the male. This was termed the absolutebehavioral refractory period (BRP) and it's mean value differed for the two species: forE. coqui it is 1133 ms, forH. ebraccata it is 210 ms. 3. Immediately following the absolute BRP was a period of about 0.5 s during which an acoustic stimulus evoked synchronized responses with a probability which was a monotonically increasing function of the time of stimulus occurrence, until a particular maximum rate was reached for each individual frog. This period is called the relative BRP. 4. Both the duration of the relative BRP and the functional dependence of the synchronized response rate on the time of stimulus occurrence during the relative BRP were remarkably similar for these two species. 5. These results are discussed in relation to the density of calling males of each species and are interpreted as an adaptation for avoiding acoustic interference when communicating in a highly noisy environment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00679018
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diversity of form in the amphibian papilla of Puerto Rican frogs (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 171 (1992), S. 421-435 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In modern frogs, the amphibian papilla exhibits a caudal extension whose shape, relative length, and proportion of hair cells vary markedly from species to species. Tuning in the caudal extension is organized tonotopically and evidently involves the tectorium. In terms of the proportion of amphibian-papillar hair cells in the caudal extension, we report more diversity among 8 species of a single genus (Eleutherodactylus) on a single island (Puerto Rico) than has been found so far among all of the (more than 50) other modern anurans examined for this feature from around the world. These 8 Puerto Rican species have overlapping habitat and conspicuous diversity in the male advertisement call. For 7 of the 8 species, we report that the call has transient spectral components in the frequency range of the amphibian papilla, and that the proportion of caudal extension hair cells and the frequency distribution of those components are correlated. Thus one might conclude that the selective pressures that led to diversity of calls among the 8 species also led to diversity in form of the amphibian papilla.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00194575
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Seismic signal transmission between burrows of the Cape mole-rat, Georychus capensis (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 170 (1992), S. 13-21 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Seismic signals ; Mole-rat ; Communication ; Footdrumming ; Georychus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Both seismic and auditory signals were tested for their propagation characteristics in a field study of the Cape mole-rat (Georychus capensis), a subterranean rodent in the family Bathyergidae. This solitary animal is entirely fossorial and apparently communicates with its conspecifics by alternately drumming its hind legs on the burrow floor. Signal production in this species is sexually dimorphic, and mate attraction is likely mediated primarily by seismic signalling between individuals in neighboring burrows. Measurements within, and at various distances away from, natural burrows suggest that seismic signals propagate at least an order of magnitude better than auditory signals. Moreover, using a mechanical thumper which could be triggered from a tape recording of the mole-rat's seismic signals, we established that the vertically-polarized surface wave (Rayleigh wave) propagates with less attenuation than either of the two horizontally-polarized waves. Thus, we tentatively hypothesize that Rayleigh waves subserve intraspecific communication in this species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00190397
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