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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The fate of tributyltin in the aquatic environment (1988)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Environmental science & technology 22 (1988), S. 600-604 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5851
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es00171a001
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Supercritical fluid extraction of s-triazines and phenylurea herbicides from sediment (1994)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Environmental science & technology 28 (1994), S. 346-351 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5851
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es00051a023
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mass balance of heavy metal uptake by encapsulated cultures ofKlebsiella aerogenes (1983)
    Springer
    Microbial ecology 9 (1983), S. 261-272 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-184X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Dialysis was employed as a method of speciating heavy metals in cultures of an extracellular polymer forming strain ofKlebsiella aerogenes. A noncapsulated strain of the same bacterium was used as a control, and a mass balance of copper, cadmium, cobalt, nickel, and manganese in batch culture at pH 4.5 and pH 6.8 and in continuous culture at pH 6.8 was constructed. Copper and cadmium were accumulated by the cell during rapid proliferation whereas all 5 metals were bound nonspecifically by extracellular polymer produced during stationary phase and at low dilution rates. The presence of extracellular polymer appeared to inhibit cellular uptake of nickel. At the lower pH, metal uptake was considerably reduced. The results are discussed in the context of metal removal in the activated sludge process of waste water treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02097741
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The use of extraction methods for the quantification of extracellular polymer production byKlebsiella aerogenes under varying cultural conditions (1982)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 16 (1982), S. 23-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary A combination of ultrasonication at 18 W for 10 min and centrifugation at 33,000 g for 60 min was found to achieve the highest recovery of extracellular polymer fromKlebsiella aerogenes, NCTC 8172, allowing both soluble and colloidal phases to be separated. Estimates of the total polymer present, made by gravimetry and by acid hydrolysis, indicated that polymer production was greater in continuous culture than in batch culture, and increased in continuous culture as the dilution rate decreased from 0.5 h−1 to 0.01 h−1. Extraction of polymer from these cultures varied in efficiency; up to 73% of the total polymer was extracted at low dilution rates where the colloidal form of polymer was predominant, but only 22% was extracted at high dilution rates where the majority of the polymer was in the soluble phase. Consequently, this extraction method was considered to be unsuitable as a quantitative measure of polymer production.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01008238
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mercury Contamination of the EEL (Anguilla Anguilla) and Roach (Rutilus Rutilus) in East Anglia, UK (1999)
    Springer
    Environmental monitoring and assessment 55 (1999), S. 371-387 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2959
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The muscle tissue total mercury (THg) and organomercury (OrHg) concentrations of eel (Anguilla anguilla) and roach (Rutilus rutilis) from the Hg-contaminated River Yare and the uncontaminated Ormesby Broad were compared to their respective bed sediment THg and OrHg concentrations in order to determine if fish in the River Yare had begun to approach 'background' levels. While eel from the Yare had higher flesh concentrations (260 μg kg-1) than those from Ormesby Broad (102 μg kg- 1), roach were found to have similar concentrations regardless of location (55 and 54 μg kg-1 for Yare and Ormesby respectively). However, roach in the Yare had significantly higher body burdens of Hg and organomercury, which when analysed over time (1985–95) showed a decreasing trend approaching the levels observed in fish from Ormesby Broad, suggesting that roach are an overall better biomonitor of contamination then eel. This said, the elevated levels of Hg found in fish from Ormesby Broad indicate the existence of a diffuse source such as atmospheric deposition to the surface waters of East Anglia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005930931105
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Bioavailability of Copper and Mercury to the Common Nettle (Urtica Dioica) and the Earthworm Eisenia Fetida from Contaminated Dredge Spoil (1998)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 102 (1998), S. 75-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: bioavailability ; copper ; dredge spoil ; Eisenia fetida (brandling worm) ; mercury ; sequential extractions ; Urtica dioica (common nettle)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The contaminants Hg and Cu, as well as Fe, Mn and K were sequentially extracted from upland disposed dredge spoil using DTPA and 10% nitric acid. Concentrations of these metals in aerial plant tissue and roots of Urtica dioica growing on the dredge spoil were also determined and used to correlate the biological absorption coefficients (BACs) and mobile element absorption coefficients (MACs) with soil extractable metals. DTPA extractions were most suitable for prediction of aerial plant tissue uptake of Cu, Mn and K whilst total Hg and Fe soil concentrations were correlated with plant root BACs and MACs. A laboratory bioassay using Eisenia fetida was also used to assess the potential biological uptake of the contaminants. Both Hg and Cu were accumulated by the worms, but interpretation of the results was hampered by the inherent difficulties of such active biomonitoring.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004993912639
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anthropogenic heavy metal inputs to lowland river systems, a case study. The River Stour, U.K. (1994)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 78 (1994), S. 279-296 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Surface waters, sediments and interstitial waters were collected from 9 sites of the River Stour, UK, during June 1987. The aim was to identify the sources of EC List I (Hg, Cd) and List II (As, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn) metals and metalloids to this lowland river system and to assess the magnitude of metal enrichment. The study reach spanned some 60 km, traversing rural and urban landscapes. Results indicate that the larger municipal sewage treatment works (STW), which receive industrial effluents, were the major source of metals, but smaller rural works also exerted some contaminative influences. Metal concentrations in bottom sediments, displayed 2–11 fold increases over catchment background levels with maximum loadings coinciding with discharges from the Great Cornard and Sudbury STWs. Elevations in water column metal concentrations were also apparent downstream of point source inputs, but concentrations were consistently below designated ‘Water Quality Standards’. Distance from the point source, sediment texture and hydrology appeared to be the main factors responsible for the observed distribution of metals within this river system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00483037
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anaerobic acidogenesis of a complex wastewater: I. The influence of operational parameters on reactor performance (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 31 (1988), S. 958-968 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The influence of operational, parameters, such as hydraulic retention time, organic loading rate, influent substrate concentration, pH, and temperature, on the performance of the first phase of anaerobic digestion has been investigated. A complex substrate based on beef extract was used, and six series of experimental runs were conducted, each one showing the effect of one operational variable. The predominant fermentation products were always acetic and propionic acid, independent of the values of the operational parameters. For initial COD concentrations and hydraulic retention times above the critical values identified as 3 g/L and 6 h, respectively, the degree of acidification achieved was between 30 and 60%. The degree of acidification was found to increase with the hydraulic retention time and decrease with the influent substrate concentration and organic loading rate, while the opposite held true for the rate of product formation. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that acidification is primarily determined by the hydraulic retention time and the rate of product formation by the influent substrate concentration. The concentration of the acetic acid produced was found to depend on the operational parameters. However, the concentration of propionic acid produced depended only on the substrate availability with a consistent proportion of 8% initial COD converted to it. The optimum pH and temperature were 7 and 40°C, respectively. The percentage of acetic acid as a proportion of the total volatile fatty acids produced was found to increase with increasing pH and temperature, while the percentage of propionic acid seemed to decrease accordingly. Finally the effect of the temperature on the rate of acidification followed an Arrhenius type equation with an activation energy equal to 4739 cal/mol.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260310908
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Factors affecting biomass attachment during startup and operation of anaerobic fluidized beds (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 30 (1987), S. 611-620 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Three anaerobic fluidized bed reactors at 37°C were utilized to observe the effects of startup and operational procedures on biomass attachment. Using a meat-based synthetic waste and stepped-loading regime, the influences of synthetic polymer addition and maintenance of anaerobiosis during startup were investigated. Subsequently, increasing bed expansions were applied to assess shear effects. Synthetic polymer addition enhanced biomass retention but did not improve process performance. Maintenance of a reduced environment ameliorated fluctuating process parameters during start up and aided biomass retention and substrate removal. A bed expansion of 5% was detrimental to biomass attachment and COD removal but system stability was maintained at expansions between 10% and 30%. Startup was achieved in 56 days. Anaerobiosis appeared to enhance the initial evolution of a stable, well-adapted microbial population, whereas polymer addition interfered with this. Moderate bed expansions had negligible effects on attachment and performance.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260300505
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An evaluation of single- and separated-phase anaerobic industrial wastewater treatment in fluidized bed reactors (1984)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 26 (1984), S. 1054-1065 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Four fluidized bed reactors were used to evaluate single-and separated-phase anaerobic treatments of a high strength wastewater. Two reactors were fed with a synthetic wastewater, containing glucose as the primary carbon source, with a COD of 1.2 × 104 mg/L while the remaining pair were fed with a wastewater with a COD of 6000 mg/L. AT each influent strength, one fluidized bed reactor was operated as a single-phase system while the other was operated as a methanogenic reactor which was preceded by an acidification reactor in a separatedphase system. The reactors were operated under steady-state and variable process conditions. The separated-phase system consistently gave a better quality effluent with lower effluent suspended solids and total COD, and the methane yield was also improved. Under variable process conditions, the separated-phase system was inherently more stable and recovered more rapidly following a shock loading. Propionate and acetate degradation studies indicated that the biomass in the methanogenic fluidized beds of the two-phase systems was more adapted to volatile acid degradation than the biomass in the single-phase fluidized beds.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260260907
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