ALBERT — All Library Books, journals and Electronic Records Telegrafenberg

1

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Effects of ultraviolet-B radiation on growth, mycorrhizas and mineral nutrition of silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) seedlings grown in low-nutrient conditions (2003)

De La Rosa, Tania M. ; Aphalo, Pedro J. ; Lehto, Tarja

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd

Global change biology 9 (2003), S. 0

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ISSN: 1365-2486

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography

Notes: The effects of increased ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation on the growth, mycorrhizas and mineral nutrition of silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) seedlings were studied in greenhouse conditions. Seedlings—planted in a birch-forest top soil and sand substrate—were grown without additional nutrient supply. Ultraviolet treatment started immediately after the seedlings emerged and the daily integrated biologically effective UV-B irradiance on the UV-B-treated plants was equivalent to a 25% depletion of stratospheric ozone under clear sky conditions. Visible symptoms of UV-B damage or nutrient deficiency were not observed throughout the experiment. Seedling height and dry weight (DW) (measured after 58 days and 76 days of treatment) were not affected by increased UV-B. However, a significant shift in DW allocation toward roots resulted in a lower shoot/root ratio and leaf area ratio in UV-B-treated plants compared to control plants. At the first harvest (after 58 days of treatment), the percentage of various mycorrhizal morphotypes and the number of short roots per unit of root length or weight were not affected by increased UV-B despite significantly increased DW allocation toward roots. Subtle reduction in the allocation of nitrogen (N) to leaves and increased allocation of phosphorus (P) to roots may suggest cumulative effects that could affect the plant performance over the long-term.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2003.00525.x

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Allocation of carbon to growth and secondary metabolites in birch seedlings under UV-B radiation and CO2 exposure (2000)

Lavola, Anu ; Julkunen-Tiitto, Riitta ; de la Rosa, Tania M. ; [et al.]

Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers

Physiologia plantarum 109 (2000), S. 0

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ISSN: 1399-3054

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Biology

Notes: In plants, the allocation of carbon to secondary metabolites has been shown to be determined by both the availability of resources (e.g., CO2 concentration) and by specific stress factors (e.g., ultraviolet [UV]-radiation). It has been suggested that, in combination, CO2 and UV-B radiation may differentially affect plant growth and morphogenic parameters, and elevated CO2 may ameliorate the effects of UV-B radiation. In the present work, the effects of increased atmospheric CO2 concentration and UV-B radiation on growth and the accumulation of different types of secondary metabolites were studied in silver birch (Betula pendula Roth). Seedlings were exposed to 350 and 700 μmol mol−1 of CO2 in a greenhouse. At both CO2 levels, additional UV-B was either present (8.16 kJ m−2 day−1 of biologically effective UV-B irradiance) or absent. The time course of accumulation of individual secondary compounds and the shifts in allocation of carbon between biomass and the secondary metabolites (phenolic acids, flavonoids, condensed tannins) were studied during a 1-month-long exposure. Additionally, the activities of enzymes ( l-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase [PAL], EC 4.3.1.5; peroxidase, EC 1.11.1.7; polyphenol oxidase, EC 1.10.3.1) were determined for leaves. UV-B radiation significantly increased biomass, PAL activity, and the accumulation of phenolic acids and flavonoids in seedlings. Elevated CO2 concentration increased the activities of all the enzymes studied and the accumulation of condensed tannins in leaves, especially with UV-B radiation. Because the observed UV-B induction of flavonoids was smaller under a high CO2 concentration, it was suggested that the excess of carbon in the atmosphere may moderate the effect of UV-B by increasing the metabolic activity of leaves (high enzyme activities) and by changing the allocation of internal carbon between different primary and secondary metabolites in the plant. Our results demonstrate the significant increase in the allocation of carbon to secondary metabolites without any large change in growth due to the elevation of CO2 concentration and UV-B radiation. There also was a stronger impact of CO2 than UV-B on the phenolic metabolism of birch seedlings.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-3054.2000.100306.x

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3

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Effects of liming and boron fertilization on mycorrhizas of Picea abies (1994)

Lehto, Tarja

Springer

Plant and soil 163 (1994), S. 65-68

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ISSN: 1573-5036

Keywords: boron ; Cenococcum geophilum ; ectomycorrhiza ; liming ; Picea abies ; Piloderma croceum

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Abstract Effects of liming and B fertilization on Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] mycorrhizas were studied in factorial field experiments. The lime was applied twice, about 30 years and 12 years before sampling (2000 and 4000 kg ha-1 dolomite). B was applied at the rate of 1.5 kg B ha-1 two years before sampling. Boron fertilization doubled the number of root tips in the top 10 mm of the humus layer. The proportion of dead short root tips was increased from 10 % in control plots to 29 % in the limed plots. Numbers of dead root tips were increased when both lime and B were applied. The % of mycorrhizas with external mycelium was slightly increased and the % of Piloderma croceum Erikss. and Hjortst. was decreased by lime. In conclusion, adverse effects of lime on mycorrhizas were found, which were ameliorated by B fertilization, but lime-induced B deficiency alone was not the only reason for the effects of lime on root mortality.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00033941

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Effects of soil pH and calcium on mycorrhizas of Picea abies (1994)

Lehto, Tarja

Springer

Plant and soil 163 (1994), S. 69-75

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ISSN: 1573-5036

Keywords: calcium ; lime ; mycorrhiza ; pH ; Picea abies

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Abstract The effects of lime, increased soil pH and increased soil Ca concentration on the mycorrhizas of Norway spruce. [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] were studied independently of each other to elucidate the different mechanisms through which lime may influence mycorrhizas in acidic soil. In a field experiment (mature Norway spruce in podzol), lime was applied as CaCO3; increased Ca concentration without an increase in pH was achieved with CaSO4; and soil pH was increased without calcium by means of Na2CO3 and K2CO3 (Na+K treatment). Treatments were done in October, and mycorrhizas were counted from samples collected in the following June and September. All treatments increased the percentage of dead short root tips compared to controls in September, and Na+K already in June. Cenococcum geophilum Fr. increased in proportion in plots treated with Na+K. In a sand culture experiment, Norway spruce seedlings were grown from seed and inoculated with Cenococcum geophilum, or root inoculum, or left uninoculated. When mycorrhizas were beginning to form, CaCO3 and CaSO4 treatments were applied. Six weeks later, the percent of dead short root tips in both salt treatments was significantly increased from control, but formation of mycorrhizas was not inhibited by treatments. As all the treatments increased the proportion of dead short root tips, it is concluded that lime directly and adversely affected mycorrhizas of Norway spruce in sand culture and in mor humus. Both increased ionic strength and increased pH may be reasons for this rather than Ca2+ specifically.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00033942

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5

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Effects of liming and boron fertilization on boron uptake of Picea abies (1994)

Lehto, Tarja ; Mälkönen, Eino

Springer

Plant and soil 163 (1994), S. 55-64

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ISSN: 1573-5036

Keywords: boron ; calcium ; liming ; pH ; Picea abies

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Abstract The effects of liming on concentrations of boron and other elements in Norway spruce [Picea abies (L) Karst.] needles and in the mor humus layer were studied in long-term field experiments with and without B fertilizer on podzolic soils in Finland. Liming (2000+4000 kg ha-1 last applied 12 years before sampling) decreased needle B concentrations in the four youngest needle age classes from 6–10 mg kg-1 to 5 mg kg-1. In boron fertilized plots the corresponding concentrations were 23–35 mg kg-1 in control plots and 21–29 mg kg-1 in limed plots. Both liming and B fertilizer decreased the Mn concentrations of needles. In the humus layer, total B concentration was increased by both lime and B fertilizer, and Ca and Mg concentrations and pH were still considerably higher in the limed plots than controls. Liming decreased the organic matter concentration in humus layer, whilst B fertilizer increased it. The results about B uptake were confirmed in a pot experiment, in which additionally the roles of increased soil pH and increased soil Ca concentration were separated by means of comparing the effects of CaCO3 and CaSO4. Two-year-old bare-rooted Norway spruce seedlings were grown in mor humus during the extension growth of the new shoot. The two doses of lime increased the pH of soil from 4.1 to 5.6 to 6.1, and correspondingly decreased the B concentrations in new needles from 22 to 12 to 9 mg kg-1. However, CaSO4 did not affect the pH of the soil or needle B concentrations. Hence the liming effect on boron availability in these soils appeared to be caused by the increased pH rather than increased calcium concentration.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00033940

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The responses of Scots pine seedlings to waterlogging during the growing season (2016)

Repo, Tapani ; Launiainen, Samuli ; Lehto, Tarja ; [et al.]

Canadian Science Publishing

In: Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 2016; 46(12): 1439-1450. Published 2016 Dec 01. doi: 10.1139/cjfr-2015-0447.

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Publication Date: 2016-12-01

Description: In the future management and sustainable use of boreal forests, it is crucial to consider the rate and strength of tree responses to an elevated water table and the concurrent oxygen limitations, especially in peatlands. We examined the response dynamics of 7-year-old Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seedlings to a 5-week waterlogging (WL) treatment during a growing season in a root lab (dasotron) experiment. WL took place after shoot elongation had ended but while growth of the trunk diameter was still in progress. Trunk sap flow and needle water potential started to decrease immediately after the onset of WL, while the first signs in needle gas exchange — seen as decreases in the potential efficiency of photosystem II, the rates of light-saturated net assimilation and transpiration, and increased needle respiration — were observed after 3 weeks of WL. New needles responded to WL more strongly than the old ones. Drainage with consequent re-oxygenation of the soil caused a further decrease in sap flow. We conclude that through negative feedback on transpiration and net photosynthesis, WL during the growing season is harmful for Scots pine, leading to potential growth losses or even dying of trees within a few weeks of WL.

Print ISSN: 0045-5067

Electronic ISSN: 1208-6037

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Published by Canadian Science Publishing

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Dynamics of fine-root production and mortality of Scots pine in waterlogged peat soil during the growing season (2020)

Repo, Tapani ; Domisch, Timo ; Kilpeläinen, Jouni ; [et al.]

Canadian Science Publishing

In: Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 2020; 50(5): 510-518. Published 2020 May 01. doi: 10.1139/cjfr-2019-0163.

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Publication Date: 2020-05-01

Description: Excess water in the rooting zone critically reduces tree growth and may even kill trees; however, the relative importance of damage to roots versus aboveground parts and the time course of damage are not well understood. We studied the dynamics of fine-root growth and mortality of 7-year-old Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) saplings affected by a 5-week period of waterlogging (WL) during the growing season. Two out of six WL-exposed saplings survived the treatment. After 1–2 weeks of WL, the mortality of the first-order short roots (usually mycorrhizas) started to increase and the production of these roots started to decrease. WL decreased the longevity of short and long roots. Total root length (especially of fine roots with a diameter 〈 0.5 mm), specific fine-root length, total root dry mass (including stump), and reverse-flow root hydraulic conductance were lower in WL saplings than in control saplings at the end of the experiment; however, several root traits were similar in control and surviving WL saplings. Because of the high importance of fine roots for tree growth and carbon sequestration, their responses to elevated water tables should be considered in sustainable use and management of boreal peatland forests, for example, by continuous cover forestry and (or) ditch network maintenance.

Print ISSN: 0045-5067

Electronic ISSN: 1208-6037

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition