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  • 1
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    XAS STUDY OF Fe MINERALOGY IN A CHRONOSEQUENCE OF SOIL CLAYS FORMED IN BASALTIC CINDERS (2011)
    Clay Minerals Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-01-21
    Description: The characterization of poorly crystalline minerals formed by weathering is difficult using conventional techniques. The objective of this study was to use cutting-edge spectroscopic techniques to characterize secondary Fe mineralogy in young soils formed in basaltic cinders in a cool, arid environment. The mineralogy of a chronosequence of soils formed on 2, 6, and 15 thousand year old basaltic cinders at Craters of the Moon National Monument (COM) was examined using synchrotron-based X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopy in combination with selective extractions. Fe K-edge XAFS is useful for determining speciation in poorly crystalline materials such as young weathering products. Over 86% of Fe in the soil clay fractions was contained in poorly crystalline materials, mostly in the form of ferrihydrite, with the remainder in a poorly crystalline Fe-bearing smectite. The XAFS spectra suggest that ferrihydrite in the 15 ka soil clay is more resistant to ammonium oxalate (AOD) extraction than is ferrihydrite in the younger materials. Fe in the poorly crystalline smectite is subject to dissolution during citrate-bicarbonate-dithionite (CBD) extraction. The results indicate that relatively few mineralogical changes occur in these soils within the millennial time frame and under the environmental conditions associated with this study. Although the secondary mineral suite remains similar in the soils of different ages, ferrihydrite crystallinity appears to increase with increasing soil age.
    Print ISSN: 0009-8604
    Electronic ISSN: 1552-8367
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Clay Minerals Society
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  • 2
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    Functional metagenomic profiling of nine biomes (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-03-14
    Description: Microbial activities shape the biogeochemistry of the planet and macroorganism health. Determining the metabolic processes performed by microbes is important both for understanding and for manipulating ecosystems (for example, disruption of key processes that lead to disease, conservation of environmental services, and so on). Describing microbial function is hampered by the inability to culture most microbes and by high levels of genomic plasticity. Metagenomic approaches analyse microbial communities to determine the metabolic processes that are important for growth and survival in any given environment. Here we conduct a metagenomic comparison of almost 15 million sequences from 45 distinct microbiomes and, for the first time, 42 distinct viromes and show that there are strongly discriminatory metabolic profiles across environments. Most of the functional diversity was maintained in all of the communities, but the relative occurrence of metabolisms varied, and the differences between metagenomes predicted the biogeochemical conditions of each environment. The magnitude of the microbial metabolic capabilities encoded by the viromes was extensive, suggesting that they serve as a repository for storing and sharing genes among their microbial hosts and influence global evolutionary and metabolic processes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dinsdale, Elizabeth A -- Edwards, Robert A -- Hall, Dana -- Angly, Florent -- Breitbart, Mya -- Brulc, Jennifer M -- Furlan, Mike -- Desnues, Christelle -- Haynes, Matthew -- Li, Linlin -- McDaniel, Lauren -- Moran, Mary Ann -- Nelson, Karen E -- Nilsson, Christina -- Olson, Robert -- Paul, John -- Brito, Beltran Rodriguez -- Ruan, Yijun -- Swan, Brandon K -- Stevens, Rick -- Valentine, David L -- Thurber, Rebecca Vega -- Wegley, Linda -- White, Bryan A -- Rohwer, Forest -- England -- Nature. 2008 Apr 3;452(7187):629-32. doi: 10.1038/nature06810. Epub 2008 Mar 12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182, USA. elizabeth_dinsdale@hotmail.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18337718" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anthozoa/physiology ; Archaea/genetics/isolation & purification/metabolism ; Bacteria/*genetics/isolation & purification/*metabolism ; Chemotaxis/genetics ; Computational Biology ; Culicidae/physiology ; *Ecosystem ; Fishes/physiology ; Fresh Water ; *Gene Expression Profiling ; Genome, Archaeal ; Genome, Bacterial ; Genome, Viral ; *Genomics ; Microbiology ; Seawater ; Viruses/*genetics/isolation & purification/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 3
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    A protein interaction map of Drosophila melanogaster (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-11-08
    Description: Drosophila melanogaster is a proven model system for many aspects of human biology. Here we present a two-hybrid-based protein-interaction map of the fly proteome. A total of 10,623 predicted transcripts were isolated and screened against standard and normalized complementary DNA libraries to produce a draft map of 7048 proteins and 20,405 interactions. A computational method of rating two-hybrid interaction confidence was developed to refine this draft map to a higher confidence map of 4679 proteins and 4780 interactions. Statistical modeling of the network showed two levels of organization: a short-range organization, presumably corresponding to multiprotein complexes, and a more global organization, presumably corresponding to intercomplex connections. The network recapitulated known pathways, extended pathways, and uncovered previously unknown pathway components. This map serves as a starting point for a systems biology modeling of multicellular organisms, including humans.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Giot, L -- Bader, J S -- Brouwer, C -- Chaudhuri, A -- Kuang, B -- Li, Y -- Hao, Y L -- Ooi, C E -- Godwin, B -- Vitols, E -- Vijayadamodar, G -- Pochart, P -- Machineni, H -- Welsh, M -- Kong, Y -- Zerhusen, B -- Malcolm, R -- Varrone, Z -- Collis, A -- Minto, M -- Burgess, S -- McDaniel, L -- Stimpson, E -- Spriggs, F -- Williams, J -- Neurath, K -- Ioime, N -- Agee, M -- Voss, E -- Furtak, K -- Renzulli, R -- Aanensen, N -- Carrolla, S -- Bickelhaupt, E -- Lazovatsky, Y -- DaSilva, A -- Zhong, J -- Stanyon, C A -- Finley, R L Jr -- White, K P -- Braverman, M -- Jarvie, T -- Gold, S -- Leach, M -- Knight, J -- Shimkets, R A -- McKenna, M P -- Chant, J -- Rothberg, J M -- HG01536/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Dec 5;302(5651):1727-36. Epub 2003 Nov 6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉CuraGen Corporation, 555 Long Wharf Drive, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14605208" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Differentiation ; Cloning, Molecular ; Computational Biology ; DNA, Complementary ; Drosophila Proteins/*metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster/*genetics/*metabolism/physiology ; Genes, Insect ; Immunity, Innate ; Mathematics ; Models, Statistical ; Photoreceptor Cells, Invertebrate/cytology ; Protein Binding ; *Protein Interaction Mapping ; *Proteome ; RNA Splicing ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Transcription, Genetic ; Two-Hybrid System Techniques
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Inhibition of miR-33a/b in non-human primates raises plasma HDL and lowers VLDL triglycerides (2011)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-10-21
    Description: Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of mortality in westernized countries, despite optimum medical therapy to reduce the levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-associated cholesterol. The pursuit of novel therapies to target the residual risk has focused on raising the levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-associated cholesterol in order to exploit its atheroprotective effects. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as important post-transcriptional regulators of lipid metabolism and are thus a new class of target for therapeutic intervention. MicroRNA-33a and microRNA-33b (miR-33a/b) are intronic miRNAs whose encoding regions are embedded in the sterol-response-element-binding protein genes SREBF2 and SREBF1 (refs 3-5), respectively. These miRNAs repress expression of the cholesterol transporter ABCA1, which is a key regulator of HDL biogenesis. Recent studies in mice suggest that antagonizing miR-33a may be an effective strategy for raising plasma HDL levels and providing protection against atherosclerosis; however, extrapolating these findings to humans is complicated by the fact that mice lack miR-33b, which is present only in the SREBF1 gene of medium and large mammals. Here we show in African green monkeys that systemic delivery of an anti-miRNA oligonucleotide that targets both miR-33a and miR-33b increased hepatic expression of ABCA1 and induced a sustained increase in plasma HDL levels over 12 weeks. Notably, miR-33 antagonism in this non-human primate model also increased the expression of miR-33 target genes involved in fatty acid oxidation (CROT, CPT1A, HADHB and PRKAA1) and reduced the expression of genes involved in fatty acid synthesis (SREBF1, FASN, ACLY and ACACA), resulting in a marked suppression of the plasma levels of very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)-associated triglycerides, a finding that has not previously been observed in mice. These data establish, in a model that is highly relevant to humans, that pharmacological inhibition of miR-33a and miR-33b is a promising therapeutic strategy to raise plasma HDL and lower VLDL triglyceride levels for the treatment of dyslipidaemias that increase cardiovascular disease risk.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3235584/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3235584/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rayner, Katey J -- Esau, Christine C -- Hussain, Farah N -- McDaniel, Allison L -- Marshall, Stephanie M -- van Gils, Janine M -- Ray, Tathagat D -- Sheedy, Frederick J -- Goedeke, Leigh -- Liu, Xueqing -- Khatsenko, Oleg G -- Kaimal, Vivek -- Lees, Cynthia J -- Fernandez-Hernando, Carlos -- Fisher, Edward A -- Temel, Ryan E -- Moore, Kathryn J -- 1P30HL101270/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P01HL098055/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R00 HL088528/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R00 HL088528-04/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R00 HL088528-05/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R00HL088528/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01AG02055/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01HL084312/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01HL107953/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01HL108182/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01HL58541/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada -- England -- Nature. 2011 Oct 19;478(7369):404-7. doi: 10.1038/nature10486.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Marc and Ruti Bell Vascular Biology and Disease Program, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22012398" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: ATP Binding Cassette Transporter 1 ; ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/metabolism ; Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; *Cercopithecus aethiops/blood/genetics/metabolism ; Cholesterol, LDL/blood ; Gene Expression Regulation/*drug effects ; Gene Silencing ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; Lipoproteins, HDL/*blood ; Lipoproteins, VLDL/*blood ; Liver/*drug effects/metabolism ; Male ; MicroRNAs/*antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Oligoribonucleotides, Antisense/*pharmacology ; Time Factors ; Triglycerides/*blood
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 5
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    Wild-type microglia do not reverse pathology in mouse models of Rett syndrome (2015)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-05-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4684952/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4684952/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wang, Jieqi -- Wegener, Jan Eike -- Huang, Teng-Wei -- Sripathy, Smitha -- De Jesus-Cortes, Hector -- Xu, Pin -- Tran, Stephanie -- Knobbe, Whitney -- Leko, Vid -- Britt, Jeremiah -- Starwalt, Ruth -- McDaniel, Latisha -- Ward, Chris S -- Parra, Diana -- Newcomb, Benjamin -- Lao, Uyen -- Nourigat, Cynthia -- Flowers, David A -- Cullen, Sean -- Jorstad, Nikolas L -- Yang, Yue -- Glaskova, Lena -- Vingeau, Sebastien -- Kozlitina, Julia -- Yetman, Michael J -- Jankowsky, Joanna L -- Reichardt, Sybille D -- Reichardt, Holger M -- Gartner, Jutta -- Bartolomei, Marisa S -- Fang, Min -- Loeb, Keith -- Keene, C Dirk -- Bernstein, Irwin -- Goodell, Margaret -- Brat, Daniel J -- Huppke, Peter -- Neul, Jeffrey L -- Bedalov, Antonio -- Pieper, Andrew A -- P30 AI036211/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P30 CA138292/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P30 ES005605/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- P30 HD018655/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- P30 HD024064/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG031892/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 HD062553/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- S10 RR024574/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- T32 AG000183/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- T32 HL092332/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- U01 HL100395/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HD083092/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2015 May 21;521(7552):E1-4. doi: 10.1038/nature14444.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA. ; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Neurology, University Medical Center Gottingen, Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, 37075 Gottingen, Germany. ; 1] Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute (Texas Children's Hospital), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA [2] Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA. ; Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA. ; 1] Graduate Program of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA [2] Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA. ; Graduate Program of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA. ; Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA. ; Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA. ; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute (Texas Children's Hospital), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA. ; Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA. ; Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA. ; Department of Cell &Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA. ; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA. ; Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA. ; Institute for Cellular and Molecular Immunology; University of Gottingen Medical School, Humboldtallee 34, 37073 Gottingen, Germany. ; 1] Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA [2] Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA. ; 1] Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA [2] Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA [3] Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA [4] Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA [5] Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA [6] Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA. ; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA. ; 1] Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute (Texas Children's Hospital), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA [2] Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA [3] Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA [4] Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA [5] Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA [6] Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA. ; 1] Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA [2] Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98105, USA. ; 1] Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA [2] Department of Neurology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA [3] Veterans Affairs, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA [4] Weill Cornell Autism Research Program, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25993969" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Disease Progression ; Female ; Male ; Methyl-CpG-Binding Protein 2/*metabolism ; Microglia/*cytology/*physiology ; Rett Syndrome/*pathology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 6
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    Corrigendum: Wild-type microglia do not reverse pathology in mouse models of Rett syndrome (2015)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-07-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wang, Jieqi -- Wegener, Jan Eike -- Huang, Teng-Wei -- Sripathy, Smitha -- De Jesus-Cortes, Hector -- Xu, Pin -- Tran, Stephanie -- Knobbe, Whitney -- Leko, Vid -- Britt, Jeremiah -- Starwalt, Ruth -- McDaniel, Latisha -- Ward, Chris S -- Parra, Diana -- Newcomb, Benjamin -- Lao, Uyen -- Nourigat, Cynthia -- Flowers, David A -- Cullen, Sean -- Jorstad, Nikolas L -- Yang, Yue -- Glaskova, Lena -- Vigneau, Sebastien -- Kozlitina, Julia -- Yetman, Michael J -- Jankowsky, Joanna L -- Reichardt, Sybille D -- Reichardt, Holger M -- Gartner, Jutta -- Bartolomei, Marisa S -- Fang, Min -- Loeb, Keith -- Keene, C Dirk -- Bernstein, Irwin -- Goodell, Margaret -- Brat, Daniel J -- Huppke, Peter -- Neul, Jeffrey L -- Bedalov, Antonio -- Pieper, Andrew A -- England -- Nature. 2015 Sep 24;525(7570):552. doi: 10.1038/nature14671. Epub 2015 Jul 15.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26176914" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 7
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    Application of Pleistocene Climate Models to Gulf Coast Hydrocarbon Reservoirs: ABSTRACT (1985)
    American Association of Petroleum Geologists
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0149-1423
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-2674
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by American Association of Petroleum Geologists
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  • 8
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    Evidence for the presence of type I IL-1 receptors on β-cells of islets of Langerhans (1997)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-10-01
    Print ISSN: 0925-4439
    Electronic ISSN: 1879-260X
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plankton blooms Lysogeny in marine Synechococcus (2002)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 415 (2002), S. 496-496 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Viral infection of bacteria can be lytic, causing destruction of the host cell, or lysogenic, in which the viral genome is instead stably maintained as a prophage within its host. Here we show that lysogeny occurs in natural populations of an autotrophic picoplankton (Synechococcus) and that ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/415496a
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of variability and diurnal range of daily temperature in a nested regional climate model: comparison with observations and doubled CO2 results (1995)
    Springer
    Climate dynamics 11 (1995), S. 193-209 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0894
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Analysis of daily variability of temperature in climate model experiments is important as a model diagnostic and for determination of how such variability may change under perturbed climate conditions. The latter could be important from a climate impacts perspective. We analyze daily mean, diurnal range and variability of surface air temperature in two continuous 3 1/2 year long climate simulations over the continental USA, one for present day conditions and one for conditions under doubled carbon dioxide concentration, conducted with a regional climate model (RegCM), on a 60 km grid, nested in a general circulation model (GCM). Model output is compared with a 30-year daily observational data set for various regions of the USA. In comparison with observations the diurnal range in the model control run is somewhat too low although the daily temperature mean is often well reproduced. The daily variability of temperature is underestimated by the model in all areas, but particularly when and where the observed variability is relatively high. Causes for these underestimations are traced to deficiencies in the general circulation of the driving GCM. With doubled CO2, both maximum and minimum temperatures increase, but the change in the diurnal temperature range (DTR) varies spatially and seasonally. On an annual average over the land domain, the DTR decreases by 0.25'C. Changes in DTR are most strongly correlated with changes in absorbed shortwave radiation at the surface, which explains 72% of the variance in DTR on an annual basis. Change in evaporation was a factor affecting DTR only in the summer when it explained 52% of the variance. The most significant findings with CO2 doubling are substantial decreases in daily variability in winter over large portions of the domain, and localized increases in summer. Causes for these changes are traced to fluctuations in the intensity and position of the jet stream.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00215007
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