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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ionic alkylleads in salt marsh periwinkles (Littorina irrorata) (1988)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Environmental science & technology 22 (1988), S. 806-811 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5851
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es00172a010
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Avian tissues as bioindicators of exposure to alkylleads: metabolism of ethyllead salts by Japanese quail (1988)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Environmental science & technology 22 (1988), S. 1038-1043 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5851
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es00174a007
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microstructure and composition in rapidly quenched NdFeB-based hard magnet alloys : The 40th annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 4848-4850 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A detailed study of the microstructure and composition in hot-pressed (MQ-2) and die-upset (MQ-3) magnet alloys based on the Nd2Fe14B composition, utilizing high resolution and analytical transmission electron microscopy, is reported. The initial magnetic properties of the two samples show different behaviors, which are attributed to the difference in the anisotropy of the grain structure and the grain boundaries. The hot-pressed sample shows faceted grains of the 2-14-1 phase, while die-upset sample shows plate-like grains, together with larger equiaxed grains that contain a speckling of precipitates in the grain interior. The grain structure and composition remain rather similar in the two samples. The grain boundary phase averages ∼1–(approximately-greater-than)10 nm in width. The thicker grain boundaries are Nd-rich, while the thinner grain boundaries in the hot-pressed sample exhibit an Fe-rich composition near that of the NdFe3 phase. Nd-rich phases are found at the grain boundary junctions of both samples, with the Nd:Fe ratio near 7:3 in the die-upset sample, and up to 3:2 in the hot-pressed sample. The significance of the microstructure and the grain boundary phases on the magnetic behavior in the two samples is discussed. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.361630
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of epitaxy and polycrystallinity in the magnetoresistance and magnetization of La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 thin films : The 40th annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 5169-5171 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 thin films were simultaneously deposited by pulsed laser ablation on silicon (Si) and LaAlO3 (LAO) substrates. Films on Si were polycrystalline while those on LAO were (100) epitaxial with an in-plane correlation length of ≈10 nm. The magnetization and magnetoresistance behavior of these two films were significantly different. Both films exhibit antiferromagnetic–ferromagnetic transitions—at different temperatures [180 K (LAO); 230 K (Si)]—and their magnetic moments at 10 K were significantly different (Si—0.0035 emu; LAO—0.0022 emu). However, both films showed significant high field slope in magnetization at 10 K. Significant fractions of both films remain antiferromagnetic at low temperatures and hence net susceptibilities, dependent on the direction of the applied magnetic field, are different for the epitaxial (LAO) and randomly oriented polycrystalline (Si) films. The magnetoresistance peak, corresponding to the semiconductor–metal transition is observed at 170 and 130 K for the epitaxial (LAO) and polycrystalline (Si) films, respectively. Moreover, their resistance values are two orders of magnitude different (Si—MØhms; LAO—KOhms). These properties can be interpreted in terms of the major role of grain boundaries in determining the scattering as well as possible differences in O2 stoichiometry. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.361919
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Epitaxial Fe16N2 films grown on Si(001) by reactive sputtering : The 40th annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 5321-5323 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We present a crystallographic template for the growth of the range of Fe-N phases on Si(001) by lattice matching on selected underlayers. Epitaxial films of pure α-Fe, γ′-Fe4N, and α′-Fe8N (N martensite) were grown individually by the optimization of reactive N2 sputtering parameters. The orientation relation of the Fe-N phases was Fe-N(001)(parallel)Ag(001)(parallel)Si(001) and Fe-N[100](parallel)Ag[110](parallel)Si[100]. Annealing the α′-Fe8N films resulted in the formation of α′-Fe8N/α″-Fe16N2 mixtures. In addition to the crystallographic and structural analysis, quantification of x-ray diffraction peak intensities confirmed that the α′/α″ mixtures contained as much as 46 vol % α″ (remaining α′). Vibrating sample magnetometry and SQUID magnetometry measurements of the α′ and α′(54%)/α″(46%) mixture, respectively, indicate enhanced magnetic moments for both the α′ and α″ phases with respect to pure Fe. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.361365
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plasma distribution of cathodic arc deposition systems (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 6785-6790 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The plasma distribution using a cathodic arc plasma source with and without magnetic macroparticle filter has been determined by depositing on a transparent plastic substrate and measuring the film absorption. It was found that the width of the distribution depends on the arc current, and it also depends on the cathode material which leads to a spatial separation of the elements when an alloy cathode is used. By applying a magnetic multicusp field near the exit of the magnetic filter, it was possible to modify the plasma distribution and obtain a flat plasma profile with a constant and homogeneous elemental distribution which was demonstrated by depositing FeNd thin films. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.361523
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic anisotropy and lattice strain in Co/Pt multilayers : 37th Annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 6198-6200 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The correlation is reported between perpendicular anisotropy and in-plane lattice strain in Co/Pt multilayers. (Cox/Pty)n samples, where x, y are the thickness of the individual Co and Pt layers and n is the number of repeats that were prepared by molecular beam epitaxy and studied by means of polar magneto-optic Kerr effect and transmission electron microscopy. Kerr rotation data and electron diffraction experiments show that the largest perpendicular anisotropy and square hysteresis loop occur when x=3 A(ring) while the Pt layers are subjected to about −2% in-plane strain. As Co thickness increases, Co and Pt layers gradually lose coherency and the magnetic anisotropy goes from perpendicular to planar. This is accompanied by a relaxation of lattice strain in both Co and Pt layers. The close relationship between magnetic anisotropy and lattice strain can be explained as magnetoelastic anisotropy or stress anisotropy effect due to lattice mismatch between the adjacent epitaxial layers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.352696
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Giant magnetoresistance and microstructural characteristics of epitaxial Fe-Ag and Co-Ag granular thin films : 38th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 75 (1994), S. 6900-6902 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The microstructure and magnetic properties of phase-separated Fe-Ag and Co-Ag granular alloy films, grown epitaxially on (001) NaCl substrates and exhibiting giant magnetoresistance (GMR), have been investigated. Surprisingly, two Fe-Ag films of similar composition grown under identical conditions are found to have substantially different microstructures yet display similar GMR. The microstructure of the films is characterized by Fe-rich or Co-rich regions, respectively, 350–700 nm in extent, surrounded by a Ag-rich matrix. Within the Ag-rich regions, the Fe concentration varies from 20 to 25 at % and the Co concentration is (approximately-equal-to)16 at %. Within these regions essentially pure fcc Co particles and bcc Fe particles are in parallel and rotated epitaxial alignment respectively with the fcc silver matrix. The Co and Fe particles are (approximately-equal-to)15–25 A(ring) in diameter. It is these small particles which most likely account for the giant magnetoresistance exhibited by these alloys. This suggests that a size distribution of magnetic particles, sharply peaked at the optimum size with limited bulk segregation, might give rise to larger GMR values.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.356774
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetism and magnetization structure of c-axis oriented single-crystal cobalt films grown epitaxially on rigid underlayers (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 75 (1994), S. 7579-7581 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: c-axis oriented, single-crystal, Co films were grown on mica using either Ti or Ru underlayers and exhibited the following crystallographic orientation relationship (00.1)mica (parallel) (00.1)underlayer (parallel) (00.1)Co, and [11.0]mica (parallel) [10.0]underlayer (parallel) [10.0]Co. Fundamental magnetic properties of the films were measured: Hc∼4 kA/m, Bs∼1.95 T, and Ku∼5×105 J/m3. The as-grown magnetization structure of thinner (t≤30 nm) films shows mainly 180° domain walls with a uniform distribution of crossties, while thicker (t=60 nm) samples show stripe domains with a width of 75 nm. In spite of their excellent c-axis orientation (FWHMCo(002)∼1.5°), the effective anisotropy of these films is in-plane but with a small perpendicular magnetization component. These features in the hysteresis behavior are consistent with a simple noninteracting particle model incorporating the shape anisotropy of the small sized grains. For thinner samples the validity of this model has been verified by annealing experiments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.356588
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physiologically-Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling of a Mixture of Toluene and Xylene in Humans (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Risk analysis 15 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1539-6924
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: A physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for a mixture of toluene (TOL) and xylene (XYL), developed and validated in the rat, was used to predict the uptake and disposition kinetics of TOL/XYL mixture in humans. This was accomplished by substituting the rat physiological parameters and the blood:air partition coefficient with those of humans, scaling the maximal velocity for hepatic metabolism on the basis of body weight0.75, and keeping all other model parameters species-invariant. The human TOL/XYL mixture PBPK model, developed based on the quantitative biochemical mechanism of interaction elucidated in the rat (i.e., competitive metabolic inhibition), simulated adequately the kinetics of TOL and XYL during combined exposures in humans. The simulations with this PBPK model indicate that an eight hour co-exposure to concentrations that remain within the current threshold limit values of TOL (50 ppm) and XYL (100 ppm) would not result in significant pharmacokinetic interferences, thus implying that data on biological monitoring of worker exposure to these solvents would be unaffected during co-exposures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.1995.tb00326.x
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