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  • 1
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    Global environmental change in the ocean and on land (2004)
    Tokyo : TERRAPUB
    Details
    Keywords: marine carbon cycle ; terrestrial carbon cycle ; climatic change
    Description / Table of Contents: MARINE CARBON CYCLE --- Global Scale --- Characterization of Ocean Productivity Using a New Physical-Biological Coupled Ocean Model / K. Nakata, T. Doi, K. Taguchi and S. Aoki / Global Environmental Change in the Ocean and on Land, / pp. 1-44 --- Natural Radiocarbon Distribution in the Deep Ocean / K. Matsumoto and R. M. Key / Global Environmental Change in the Ocean and on Land, / pp. 45-58 --- Equatorial Region --- Variability of Surface Layer CO2 Parameters in the Western and Central Equatorial Pacific / M. Ishii, S. Saito, T. Tokieda, T. Kawano, K. Matsumoto and H. Y. Inoue / Global Environmental Change in the Ocean and on Land, / pp. 59-94 --- Settling Particles Flux in Response to El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in the Equatorial Pacific / H. Kawahata and L. P. Gupta / Global Environmental Change in the Ocean and on Land, / pp. 95-108 --- Particulate Amino Acids and Biogeochemical Processes in the Equatorial Pacific Ocean during the 1999-2001 La Niña Event / L. P. Gupta and H. Kawahata / Global Environmental Change in the Ocean and on Land, / pp. 109-120 --- Floral Response of Coccolithophores to Progressive Oligotrophication in the South Equatorial Current, Pacific Ocean / K. Hagino and H. Okada / Global Environmental Change in the Ocean and on Land, / pp. 121-132 --- Coccolith Carbonate Fluxes in the Northwest Pacific Ocean / Y. Tanaka / Global Environmental Change in the Ocean and on Land, / pp. 133-146 --- Western Pacfic --- Artificial Radionuclides in the Western North Pacific: A Review / G. H. Hong, M. Baskaran and P. P. Povinec / Global Environmental Change in the Ocean and on Land, / pp. 147-172 --- Material Transport Processes on the Continental Margin in the East China Sea / M. Yamada / Global Environmental Change in the Ocean and on Land, / pp. 173-187 --- Cadmium Distribution in the Western Pacific / K. Abe / Global Environmental Change in the Ocean and on Land, / pp. 189-203 --- Ocean Environments in Response to Climatic Change --- Climate Reconstructions from Annually Banded Corals / T. Felis and J. Pätzold / Global Environmental Change in the Ocean and on Land, / pp. 205-227 --- Reef Water CO2 System and Carbon Production of Coral Reefs: Topographic Control of System-Level Performance / A. Suzuki and H. Kawahata / Global Environmental Change in the Ocean and on Land, / pp. 229-248 --- Chemistry of Benthic Foraminiferal Shells for Recording Ocean Environments: Cd/Ca, d13C and Mg/Ca / K. Tachikawa and H. Elderfield / Global Environmental Change in the Ocean and on Land, / pp. 249-263 --- Have the Tropical Pacific Ocean-Atmosphere Interactions Behaved as a Driver of Centennial- to Orbital-Scale Climate Changes? / M. Yamamoto / Global Environmental Change in the Ocean and on Land, / pp. 265-278 --- Long Term Variations of Uranium Isotopes and Radiocarbon in the Surface Seawater Recorded in Corals / Y. Yokoyama and T. M. Esat / Global Environmental Change in the Ocean and on Land, / pp. 279-309 --- TERRESTRIAL CARBON CYCLE --- A Multi-Scale Analysis of a National Terrestrial Carbon Budget and the Effects of Land-Use Change / C. M. Trotter, K. R. Tate, S. Saggar, N. A. Scott and M. A. Sutherland / Global Environmental Change in the Ocean and on Land, / pp. 311-341 --- Global Mapping of Terrestrial Primary Productivity and Light-Use Efficiency with a Process-Based Model / A. Ito and T. Oikawa / Global Environmental Change in the Ocean and on Land, / pp. 343-358 --- Carbon and Nitrogen Accumulation in a Savanna Landscape: Field and Modeling Perspectives / S. Archer, T. W. Boutton and C. R. McMurtry / Global Environmental Change in the Ocean and on Land, / pp. 359-373 --- Estimating Dynamics of CO2 Flux in Agro-Ecosystems based on Synergy of Remote Sensing and Process Modeling-A Methodological Study / Y. Inoue and A. Olioso / Global Environmental Change in the Ocean and on Land, / pp. 375-390 --- Changes in Productivity of East and South Asian Countries in the 21st Century: Regional Trends According to Climate Change / K. Okamoto, M. Yokozawa and H. Kawashima / Global Environmental Change in the Ocean and on Land, / pp. 391-399 --- A Preliminary Study on the Carbon Dynamics of China's Forest Ecosystems in the Past 20 Years / P. Gong, J. Chen and M. Xu / Global Environmental Change in the Ocean and on Land, / pp. 401-410 --- Retrieval of Forest Fire History in Far East Asia by Remote Sensing and Its Analysis with Biomass Burning Simulation and Climate Anomalies / J. Kuçera and Y. Yasuoka / Global Environmental Change in the Ocean and on Land, / pp. 411-424 --- Potential of Woody Carbon Stock Estimation Using High Spatial Resolution Imagery: A Case Study of Spruce Stands / Y. Awaya, S. Tsuyuki, E. Kodani and G. Takao / Global Environmental Change in the Ocean and on Land, / pp. 425-440 --- Multi-Temporal MODIS Data Product for Carbon Cycles Research / Z. Dafang, L. Ronggao and S. Runhe / Global Environmental Change in the Ocean and on Land, / pp. 441-451 --- Photosynthetic Characteristics of Mixed Deciduous-Broadleaf Forests from Leaf to Stand / T. Koike, S. Kitaoka, T. Ichie, T. T. Lei and M. Kitao / Global Environmental Change in the Ocean and on Land, / pp. 453-472 --- Effect of Free-Air CO2 Enrichment on Structures of Weed Communities and CO2 Exchange at the Flood-Water Surface in a Rice Paddy Field / H. Koizumi, T. Kibe, T. Nakadai, Y. Yazaki, M. Adachi, M. Inatomi, M. Kondo and T. Ohtsuka / Global Environmental Change in the Ocean and on Land, / pp. 473-485
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VI, 490 Seiten)
    ISBN: 4887041330
    URL: http://www.terrapub.co.jp/e-library/kawahata/
    Language: English
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular motion of n-alkane chains in urea inclusion adducts studied by analysis of Raman band profiles (1990)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 93 (1990), S. 4659-4672 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A quantitative analysis of the temperature dependence of the motional broadening of the Raman bands associated with the guest alkane molecules accommodated in the hexagonal phase of urea inclusion adducts of even-numbered n-alkanes of n–C14H30 through n–C22H46 was performed according to the site-hopping theory. The profiles of a certain polarization component of the following five bands; the CH2 antisymmetric stretch νa(CH2) (XY), the CH2 scissoring δ(CH2)(ZZ) and the CH2 twist t(CH2)(XZ), and the symmetric and antisymmetric CC stretches νs(CC)(ZZ) and νa(CC)(XZ)[Z(parallel)c,X,Y⊥c], were found to be reproducible by a single Lorentzian function in the whole temperature range covering both the orthorhombic and hexagonal phases. Difference in the broadening behavior among the five Raman bands was interpreted quantitatively in terms of the equation derived previously by the authors. For each adduct, the value of the potential barrier height E* to the rotational motion of the alkane molecules was obtained in a good constancy from the temperature dependence of the half-width of the bands which belonged to different symmetry species and exhibited different broadening behavior. The value of E* for the C-16 adduct agreed well with the barrier height calculated on the basis of van der Waals intermolecular potential functions and the crystal structure. The E* value was found to increase monotonically with an increase in the chain length of the guest n-alkane molecule, except for an anomalous increase at C-20, as has been observed in the chain-length dependence of the transition temperature between the orthorhomic and hexagonal phases. The end-gauche content of the guest molecules in the hexagonal phase was evaluated as about 5 mol% irrespective of the chain length. For the alkane vibrations, bandshifts with variation in temperature were measured and analyzed according to the libration–torsion theory presented by Wood et al.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.458706
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Contributions of diffusional limitation, photoinhibition and photorespiration to midday depression of photosynthesis in Arisaema heterophyllum in natural high light (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 23 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Diurnal changes in photosynthetic gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence were measured under full sunlight to reveal diffusional and non-diffusional limitations to diurnal assimilation in leaves of Arisaema heterophyllum Blume plants grown either in a riparian forest understorey (shade leaves) or in an adjacent deforested open site (sun leaves). Midday depressions of assimilation rate (A) and leaf conductance of water vapour were remarkably deeper in shade leaves than in sun leaves. To evaluate the diffusional (i.e. stomatal and leaf internal) limitation to assimilation, we used an index [1–A/A350], in which A350 is A at a chloroplast CO2 concentration of 350 μmol mol−1. A350 was estimated from the electron transport rate (JT), determined fluorometrically, and the specificity factor of Rubisco (S), determined by gas exchange techniques. In sun leaves under saturating light, the index obtained after the ‘peak’ of diurnal assimilation was 70% greater than that obtained before the ‘peak’, but in shade leaves, it was only 20% greater. The photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (ΔF/Fm′) and thus JT was considerably lower in shade leaves than in sun leaves, especially after the ‘peak’. In shade leaves but not in sun leaves, A at a photosynthetically active photon flux density (PPFD) 〉 500 μmol m−2 s−1 depended positively on JT throughout the day. Electron flows used by the carboxylation and oxygenation (JO) of RuBP were estimated from A and JT. In sun leaves, the JO/JT ratio was significantly higher after the ‘peak’, but little difference was found in shade leaves. Photorespiratory CO2 efflux in the absence of atmospheric CO2 was about three times higher in sun leaves than in shade leaves. We attribute the midday depression of assimilation in sun leaves to the increased rate of photorespiration caused by stomatal closure, and that in shade leaves to severe photoinhibition. Thus, for sun leaves, increased capacities for photorespiration and non-photochemical quenching are essential to avoid photoinhibitory damage and to tolerate high leaf temperatures and water stress under excess light. The increased Rubisco content in sun leaves, which has been recognized as raising photosynthetic assimilation capacity, also contributes to increase in the capacity for photorespiration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3040.2000.00547.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement of soil respiration using closed chamber method: An IRGA technique (1995)
    Springer
    Ecological research 10 (1995), S. 369-373 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1703
    Keywords: closed chamber method ; IRGA ; soil respiration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A closed chamber method (CC-method) using an infra-red gas analyzer (IRGA) for measuring soil respiration was examined. Two major factors which potentially cause errors: (i) volume of air sampled from the chamber; and (ii) measuring period of time, were examined in laboratory experiments. Field measurements were also conducted with both the CC-method and the open-flow IRGA method (OF-method) throughout a year. The results of laboratory experiments showed that (i) sampling volume of air should be less than 0.2% of the volume of the chamber; and (ii) the air within the chamber should be sampled several times within 20 min. Field measurements showed that soil respiration rates measured by the CC-method were not significantly different from those by the OF-method. The results of this study indicate that the CC-method is as effective for the measurement of the soil respiration rates as the OF-method.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02347863
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Light environment and carbon gain of understory herbs associated with sunflecks in a warm temperate deciduous forest in Japan (1993)
    Springer
    Ecological research 8 (1993), S. 135-142 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1703
    Keywords: carbon gain ; deciduous forest ; Pyrola japonica ; sunflecks ; Syneilesis palmata
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Seasonal variation in the light environment on the forest floor of a deciduous forest was investigated with special reference to sunflecks. Diurnal variations and seasonal changes in frequency and irradiation period of the sunflecks (sunfleck duration) were measured. The hourly total sunfleck duration varied seasonally; that is, 30–40 min in spring and autumn and about 15–20 min in summer. There was no large variation in the hourly sunfleck duration during daytime hours (from 9.00 to 15.00 h). The emergence frequency of sunflecks was 1.3–4.8 per h with two peaks, one in the morning and one in the afternoon. The mean duration of a sunfleck, however, showed a characteristic daily pattern with a peak around noon. Sunfleck duration was long around noon, ranging from 12 to 18 min, and short around 10.00 and 14.00 h, ranging from 6 to 10 min. Using the light photosynthesis curves ofPyrola japonica andSyneilesis palmata (Koizumi & Oshima 1985), the contribution of sunflecks to the dry matter production of these understory species was evaluated. It was shown that the sunflecks contributed 7–10% of the carbon gain inS. palmata, but only 2–3% of that inP. japonica.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02348525
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A preliminary study on the photosynthetic induction response ofQuercus serrata seedlings (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of plant research 106 (1993), S. 219-222 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-0860
    Keywords: Assimilation ; Light ; Microsite ; Photosynthetic induction ; Sunfleck
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract To understand the sunfleck utilization of leaves in heliophilic trees within grass canopies, we studied the photosynthetic induction response ofQuercus serrata seedlings grown for 5 months in different microsites in aMiscanthus sinensis canopy. Two phases, a rapid increase in CO2 uptake and a following slow increase, were recognizabie in the time course of CO2 uptake in response to an increase of photon flux densities (PFD). When the preceding period of low light became shorter, the period of the two phases became shorter. The capacity of response to a sudden light increase was evaluated by the relative photosynthetic induction efficiency (RPIE) defined as the ratio of integrated carbon gain measured to that calculated by assuming that a steady-state assimilation would be achieved instantaneously after the light increase. RPIEs estimated were negatively related to potential sunfleck PFD of microsite. The leaves of the seedlings grown in the microsite with a lower sunfleck PFD and a shorter sunfleck duration showed a more rapid response to a sudden increase of light. These findings suggest that the leaves ofQ. serrata seedlings growing under a lower sunfleck PFD are able to increase the photosynthetic capacity more rapidly to an increase of PFD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02344588
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Examination of the method for measuring soil respiration in cultivated land: Effect of carbon dioxide concentration on soil respiration (1993)
    Springer
    Ecological research 8 (1993), S. 65-71 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1703
    Keywords: alkali absorption method ; CO2 concentration ; open-flow IRGA method ; soil respiration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract An acceleration of soil respiration with decreasing CO2 concentration was suggested in the field measurements. The result supporrs that obtained in laboratory experiments in our previous study. The CO2 concentrations in a chamber of the alkali absorption method (the AA-method) were about 150–250 parts/106 lower than that in the atmosphere (about 350 parts/106), while those observed in the open-flow IRGA method (the OF-method) were nearly equal to the soil surface CO2 levels. The AA-method at such low CO2 levels in the chamber appears to overestimate the soil respiration. Our results showed that the rates obtained by the AA-method were about twice as large as those by the OF-method in field and laboratory measurements. This finding has important consequences with respect to the validity of the existing data obtained by the AA-method and the estimation of changes in the terrestrial carbon flow with elevated CO2
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02348608
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Winter CO2 flux from soil and snow surfaces in a cool-temperate deciduous forest, Japan (2000)
    Springer
    Ecological research 15 (2000), S. 363-372 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1703
    Keywords: cool-temperate forest ; soil respiration ; snow surface CO2 flux ; soil temperature profile ; temperature–flux relationship
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We measured diurnal and wintertime changes in CO2 fluxes from soil and snow surfaces in a Japanese cool-temperate Quercus/Betula forest between December 1994 and May 1995. To evaluate the relationship between these winter fluxes and temperature, flux measurements were made with the open-flow infrared gas analyzer (IRGA) method rather than with the more commonly used closed chamber method or the snow CO2 profile method. The open-flow IRGA method proved to be more successful in measurements of winter CO2 fluxes than the two standard methods. Despite colder air temperatures, soil temperature profiles were greater than 0°C because of the thermal insulation effect of deep snowpack. This reveals that soil temperature is satisfactory for microbial respiration throughout the winter. Unfrozen soils under the snowpack showed neither diurnal nor wintertime trends in CO2 fluxes or in soil surface temperature, although there was a daily snow surface CO2 flux of 0.18–0.32 g m−2. By combining this with other reference data, Japanese cool-temperate forest soils in snowy regions can be estimated to emit 〈 100 g m−2 carbon over an entire winter, and this value accounts for 〈 15% of the annual emission. In the present study, when data for all winter fluxes were taken together, fluxes were most highly correlated with deep soil temperatures rather than the soil surface temperature. Such a high correlation can be attributed to the relatively increased respiration of the deep soil where the temperature was higher than the soil surface temperature. Thus, deeper soil temperature is a better predictor of winter CO2 fluxes in cold and snowy ecosystems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1703.2000.00357.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on ecology and behavior of Japanese black swallowtail butterflies. VII. Nectar of a glory tree,Clerodendron trichotomum, as a food resource of adults in summer (1988)
    Springer
    Ecological research 3 (1988), S. 175-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02346938
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Altitudinal variations in germination and growth responses ofReynoutria japonica populations on Mt Fuji to a controlled thermal environment (1993)
    Springer
    Ecological research 8 (1993), S. 27-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1703
    Keywords: altitudinal gradient ; development ; germination ; growth ; Reynoutria japonica ; thermal environment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The authors examined altitudinal variations in the thermal responses of seed germination and seedling growth inReynoutria japonica (=Polygonum cuspidatum) under controlled environmental conditions. Seed populations were collected from different altitudes on Mt Fuji in Japan. The mean seed weight of the upland populations (above 1500 m) was significantly (1.5-fold) heavier than that of the lowland populations (below 1400 m). Under the lowest temperature regime of 15/10°C (day/night) the upland populations showed a significantly higher percentage and speed of germination than the lowland populations; this was not significant under higher temperature regimes. These results indicate that the germination traits of the upland populations on Mt Fuji are favorable for colonization in their cold habitats (low temperature and short growing season). Growth and shoot development were compared between the seedlings grown from seeds collected at altitudes of 700 and 2420 m. The upland seedlings showed a significantly larger biomass and leaf area than the lowland seedlings at 15°C, but there was no difference at 25°C. The difference in biomass at 15°C was attributed to the difference in seed weight. The upland seedlings produced a significantly larger number of branches with smaller and more numerous leaves at both 15°C and 25°C. these developmental traits of the upland seedlings were considered to represent the adaptation of the life form to upland environments. It was concluded that theR. japonica populations along an altitudinal gradient on Mt Fuji can be classified into two ecotypes, whose distribution border lies at an altitude of about 1400–1500m. In this study, the seed weight and germination traits of twoR. japonica seed populations collected in Chiba Prefecture were briefly compared with those of the lowland populations on Mt Fuji.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02348604
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