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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Inorganic chemistry 24 (1985), S. 2265-2271 
    ISSN: 1520-510X
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1520-5002
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1520-5002
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1573-4846
    Keywords: hollandite ; meso-porous material ; photocatalyst ; N2 formation ; reductive decomposition of nitrate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Photocatalysis of a hollandite compound K x Ga x Sn8−x O16 (x = ca. 1.8) was examined for the reduction of nitrate to N2 with a reducing agent of methanol in water under UV irradiation. Hollandites have a characteristic one-dimensional tunnel structure. The meso-porous hollandite was prepared by sol-gel method. This hollandite was used as the photocatalyst and its reaction process was quantitatively analyzed by using ion chromatograph and on-line mass spectrometry. The hollandite photocatalyst showed a significant activity for the formation of N2 from NO 3 − . Two factors, an increase in UV intensity and a lowering in pH of the solution, contributed to improvement in the selectivity for N2. The selectivity for N2 was improved to reach the perfect level by adjusting the factors. Although, in the previous report, the nitrate was mainly reduced to NH 4 + or NO 2 − , the present photocatalytic conditions converted it to N2. The observed photocatalytic reduction of NO 3 − to N2 with reducing agent CH3OH was conjugated to the partial oxidation of CH3OH to HCOOH. This high selective photocatalytic decomposition of NO 3 − to N2 may be a new pathway among the others reported so far, and it would be useful for environmental protection of water.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials synthesis and processing 6 (1998), S. 329-333 
    ISSN: 1573-4870
    Keywords: Hollandite-type catalyst ; photo-oxidation ; photo-reduction ; trichloro ethylene ; nitrate ion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The photocatalytic activity of new hollandite compounds was investigated for the oxidative decomposition of trichloro ethylene (ClHC=CCl2) and the selecive reduction of nitrate ion (NO 3 - ) with methanol in water under UV irradiation. The ClHC=CCl2 and the NO 3 - in water are hazardous chemicals to humans. Social interest is put on the development of effective processes to remove these nuisances. The hollandite compounds have a one-dimensional tunnel structure and are well known as alkali ion conductors. In this study, their distinctive catalytic properties in gas phase under heating were applied to photocatalytic reactions. The hollandite catalysts which were prepared by the powder mixing method or sol-gel method had activities for the oxidation of ClHC=CCl2 and the selective reduction of NO 3 - with methanol in water under UV irradiation. The selective reduction of NO 3 - with a reducing agent in the presence of dissolved oxygen in water would be the new way which has not been reported for ordinary photocatalysts such as titanium dioxide (TiO2). Therefore, it was expected that this type of compound had a possibility as a new type of photocatalyst.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of sol gel science and technology 19 (2000), S. 775-778 
    ISSN: 1573-4846
    Keywords: hollandite-type compound ; photocatalytic reduction ; nitrogen monoxide ; in-situ diffuse reflectance FT-IR
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The photocatalytic reduction of nitrogen monoxide (NO) with ethane on the hollandite type catalyst (K2Ga2Sn6O16≡KGSO) was investigated. Using a closed-gas circulating system equipped with a Q-MASS detector and in-situ diffuse reflectance FT-IR spectroscopy. The reactant gases of NO and 13C2H6 decreased with the increasing irradiation time. In contrast, the N2 yield increased proportionally to the conversion of 13C2H6. Nitrogen oxides such as N2O did not reach their detectable levels. The NO adsorbed on KGSO was found to change to its activated species by UV irradiation. The oxidized products of C2H6 such as CH3CHO increased in proportion to the reaction time. The present results strongly suggest that KGSO has remarkable photocatalytic activity for the reduction of NO with C2H6.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of sol gel science and technology 19 (2000), S. 377-381 
    ISSN: 1573-4846
    Keywords: hollandite ; tunnel structure ; NO adsorption ; DRIFTS ; TPD
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Fine powder of K x Ga x Sn8−x O16 hollandite was prepared by the sol-gel process using metal alkoxides, and the adsorption behavior of nitrogen monoxide (NO) on it was examined by temperature programmed desorption (TPD) method and in situ diffuse reflectance fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Any species other than nitrogen monoxide were not detected in the TPD measurement, and the profile showed three stages between 420 and 880 K which were regarded as the desorption of chemically adsorbed NO x species. This desorption behavior seems well consistent with the spectral changes in the FT-IR measurement. The absorption band at 1270 cm−1 was decayed in the first stage from 420 to 640 K, and the bands at 1235 and 1570 cm−1 in the second stage from 640 and 770 K. In the third stage above 770 K, the strong band at 1340 cm−1 disappeared. These NO x species on the hollandite were estimated to have a form of NO3 − in the first and second stages and a form of NO2 − in the third stage, considering the data on adsorption of nitrogen oxides on La2O3 and CaO.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of ethology 8 (1990), S. 129-137 
    ISSN: 1439-5444
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Males of the damselfly,Mnais pruinosa costalis, exhibit wing color dimorphism: one form has orange wings, and the other hyaline wings which resemble female wings. The former is usually territorial and the latter uses sneaky mate securing tactics. When orange-winged males failed to establish territory, they became floaters that day. Hyaline-winged males perched around their territories and often, formed in tandem without any apparent courtship behavior when they found females. Their copulation frequency was higher and copulation duration longer than those of territorial males. A few females oviposited without remating. Total oviposition duration of females with which a hyaline-winged male mated was more than 32 min per male on average in a day Females that copulated with hyaline-winged males often remated with orange-winged residents before oviposition. Total duration of oviposition bouts of females after mating with floaters was short (15 min), while that with territorial residents was long (66 min). As a result, total oviposition duration of females with which an orange-winged male mated was about 40 min in a day. The reproductive success of the hyaline-winged males may be similar to that of the orange-winged males.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1440-1703
    Keywords: amount of sugar ; flower age ; nectar volume ; Rorippa indica ; sugar concentration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Floral nectar production quantity and changes in sugar concentration of the nectar ofRorippa indica were investigated. Flowers were sorted by age. The small flower size was a major factor for the use of BCG test paper in nectar sampling. In flowers of the youngest age category, the nectar volume increased toward the night and decreased during the day. The amount of sugar in the nectar decreased with flower age. The sugar concentration was lower at night than daytime. The variability and changes in nectar concentration enabled various species of insects to forage for nectar.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 57 (2001), S. 458-465 
    ISSN: 1600-5740
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The structure of pseudohexagonal-type InFe1−x−4δTix+3δO3+x/2 (x = 0.61, δ = 0.04), indium iron titanium oxide, was refined on the basis of a four-dimensional superspace group. The crystal has a compositely modulated structure consisting of two orthorhombic subsystems mutually incommensurate in b. The first subsystem InFe1−x−4δTix+3δO2 has a delafossite structure with lattice parameters a = 5.835 (3), b1 = 3.349 (1) and c = 12.082 (7) Å. The second subsystem with b2 = 2.568 (6) Å consists of O atoms. The superspace group of the overall structure is Ccmm(1, 1.305, 0)s00, which can be converted to Amam(0, 0, 0.305)0s0 (No. 63.8). Refinement on 1105 unique reflections converged to R = 0.0303 and wR = 0.0325 with 63 structural parameters. The structure of the first subsystem is the alternate stacking of an edge-shared InO6 octahedral layer and an Fe/Ti triangle-lattice plane along c. A sheet of O atoms in the second subsystem is also extending on the Fe/Ti plane, where displacive modulation of atoms is prominent.
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