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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relaxed rrn expression and amino acid requirement of a Corynebacterium glutamicum rel mutant defective in (p)ppGpp metabolism (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 201 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The stringent response in Corynebacterium glutamicum was investigated. Sets of rrn–cat fusions were constructed in their native chromosomal position to examine the effects of amino acid starvation in a rel+ strain and a Δrel mutant defective in (p)ppGpp metabolism. The expression of the six rrn operons in the rel+ control was stringently regulated and reduced to 79% upon induction of amino acid starvation. The Δrel mutant displayed a relaxed regulation and was unable to reduce the rrn expression under amino acid depletion conditions. In addition, the Δrel mutant grew more slowly in minimal medium than a rel+ control. This growth effect was restored by a plasmid-encoded copy of rel or, alternatively, by supplementation of the minimal medium with the amino acid mixture casamino acids. In particular, the Δrel strain of C. glutamicum displayed a requirement for the amino acids histidine and serine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.2001.tb10732.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The McbR repressor modulated by the effector substance S-adenosylhomocysteine controls directly the transcription of a regulon involved in sulphur metabolism of Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032 (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 56 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: In a recent proteomics study we have shown that the mcbR gene of Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032 most probably encodes a transcriptional repressor of the TetR type, which regulates the expression of at least six genes involved in the synthesis of sulphur-containing amino acids. By means of DNA microarray hybridizations we detected 86 genes with enhanced transcription in an mcbR mutant when compared with the wild-type strain. Bioinformatic analysis identified the inverted repeat 5′-TAGAC-N6-GTCTA-3′ as a consensus sequence within the upstream region of 22 genes and operons, suggesting that the transcription of at least 45  genes is directly controlled by the McbR repressor. These 45 genes encode a variety of functions in  (S-adenosyl)methionine  and  cysteine  biosynthesis, in sulphate reduction, in uptake and utilization of sulphur-containing  compounds  and  in  transcriptional regulation. The function of the inverted repeat motif as potential McbR binding site in front of the genes hom, cysI, cysK, metK and mcbR was verified experimentally by competitive electrophoretic mobility shift analysis. A systematic search for the potential effector substance modulating the function of McbR revealed that only S-adenosylhomocysteine prevented the binding of McbR to its target sequence. These results indicate that the transcriptional repressor McbR directly regulates a set of genes comprising all aspects of transport and metabolism of the macroelement sulphur in C. glutamicum. As the activity of McbR is modulated by S-adenosylhomocysteine, a major product of transmethylation reactions, the results point also to a novel regulatory mechanism in bacteria to control the biosynthesis of S-adenosylmethionine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.2005.04586.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regulation of AmtR-controlled gene expression in Corynebacterium glutamicum: mechanism and characterization of the AmtR regulon (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 58 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: AmtR, the master regulator of nitrogen control in Corynebacterium glutamicum, represses transcription of a number of genes during nitrogen surplus. Repression is released by an interaction of AmtR with signal transduction protein GlnK. As shown by pull-down assays and gel retardation experiments, only adenylylated GlnK, which is present in the cells during nitrogen limitation, is able to bind to AmtR.The AmtR regulon was characterized in this study by a combination of bioinformatics, transcriptome and proteome analyses. At least 33 genes are directly controlled by the repressor protein including those encoding transporters and enzymes for ammonium assimilation (amtA, amtB, glnA, gltBD), urea and creatinine metabolism (urtABCDE, ureABCEFGD, crnT, codA), a number of biochemically uncharacterized enzymes and transport systems (NCgl1099, NCgl1100, NCgl 1915–1918) as well as signal transduction proteins (glnD, glnK). For the AmtR regulon, an AmtR box has been defined which comprises the sequence tttCTATN6AtAGat/aA. Furthermore, the transcriptional organization of AmtR-regulated genes and operons was characterized.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.2005.04855.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The transcriptional regulator SsuR activates expression of the Corynebacterium glutamicum sulphonate utilization genes in the absence of sulphate (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 58 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: In a recent study, the putative regulatory gene cg0012 was shown to belong to the regulon of McbR, a global transcriptional regulator of sulphur metabolism in Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032. A deletion of cg0012, now designated ssuR (sulphonate sulphur utilization regulator), led to the mutant strain C. glutamicum DK100, which was shown to be blocked in the utilization of sulphonates as sulphur sources. According to DNA microarray hybridizations, transcription of the ssu and seu genes, encoding the sulphonate utilization system of C. glutamicum, was considerably decreased in C. glutamicum DK100 when compared with the wild-type strain. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays with purified SsuR protein demonstrated that the upstream regions of ssuI, seuABC, ssuD2 and ssuD1CBA contain SsuR binding sites. A nucleotide sequence alignment of the four DNA fragments containing the SsuR binding sites revealed a common 21 bp motif consisting of T-, GC- and A-rich domains. Mapping of the transcriptional start sites in front of ssuI, seuABC, ssuD2 and ssuD1CBA indicated that the SsuR binding sites are located directly upstream of identified promoter sequences and that the ssu genes are expressed by leaderless transcripts. Binding of the SsuR protein to its operator was shown to be diminished in vitro by the effector substance sulphate and its direct assimilation products adenosine 5′-phosphosulphate, sulphite and sulphide. Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction experiments verified that the expression of the ssu and seu genes was also repressed in vivo by the presence of sulphate or sulphite. Therefore, the regulatory protein SsuR activates the expression of the ssu and seu genes in C. glutamicum in the absence of the preferred sulphur source sulphate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.2005.04836.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Complete genome sequence of the myxobacterium Sorangium cellulosum (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature biotechnology 25 (2007), S. 1281-1289 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-1696
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] The genus Sorangium synthesizes approximately half of the secondary metabolites isolated from myxobacteria, including the anti-cancer metabolite epothilone. We report the complete genome sequence of the model Sorangium strain S. cellulosum So ce56, which produces several natural products and has ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt1354
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The tetAB genes of the Corynebacterium striatum R-plasmid pTP10 encode an ABC transporter and confer tetracycline, oxytetracycline and oxacillin resistance in Corynebacterium glutamicum (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 173 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The tetracycline resistance region of the 50-kb R-plasmid pTP10 from the clinical isolate Corynebacterium striatum M82B was analyzed in Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032 and confined to a 4.4-kb SphI-SalI DNA fragment. Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed two open reading frames, termed tetA and tetB, specifying proteins of 513 and 528 amino acids, respectively. The deduced amino acid sequences of tetAB displayed similarity to ATP-binding cassette transporters including StrV and StrW of Streptomyces glaucescens which are proposed to play a role in the export of streptomycin-like aminoglycosides. An antibiotic susceptibility screening in C. glutamicum showed that the tetAB genes confer resistance to tetracycline, oxytetracycline and to the structurally and functionally unrelated β-lactam antibiotic oxacillin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1999.tb13503.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolation of insertion elements from Gram-positive Brevibacterium, Corynebacterium and Rhodococcus strains using the Bacillus subtilis sacB gene as a positive selection marker (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 126 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The sacB gene of Bacillus subtilis was successfully applied in various Arthrobacter, Brevibacterium, Corynebacterium and Rhodococcus strains for the isolation of transposable elements. Three different insertion sequence (IS) elements entrapped in sacB were isolated. The IS elements IS-Bl and IS-Cg isolated from Brevibacterium lactofermentum and Corynebacterium glutamicum, respectively, were found to be similar in size (1.45 kb) and generated target duplications of 8 bp. Their inverted repeats showed homology. In contrast, the IS element IS-Rf isolated from Rhodococcus fascians was only 1.3 kb long and generated a 3-bp target duplication. IS-Cg and IS-Rf were not restricted to their original host strains, and we also found strains harbouring more than one element.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1995.tb07381.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Corynebacterium glutamicum DNA is subjected to methylation-restriction in Escherichia coli (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 123 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Efficient electroporation of Escherichia coli with plasmid DNA isolated from Corynebacterium glutamicum depends on the use of Mcr-deficient E. coli strains. The transformation frequency increased nearly 800-fold when the Mcr-deficient E. coli DH5αMCR was used instead of E. coli DH5α. We used E. coli strains with different mutations in the methyl-specific restriction systems to show that McrBC-deficiency is sufficient to generate this effect. The results imply that C. glutamicum DNA contains methylcytosine in specific sequences recognized by the E. coli McrBC system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1994.tb07246.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cloning of a DNA fragment fromCorynebacterium glutamicum conferring aminoethyl cysteine resistance and feedback resistance to aspartokinase (1990)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 32 (1990), S. 443-448 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary TheCorynebacterium glutamicum/Escherichia coli shuttle vector plasmid pZ1 was used to clone the S-(2-aminoethyl)-d,l-cysteine (AEC)-resistance gene from a lysine-excreting, AEC-resistant strain ofC. glutamicum, the aspartokinase activity of which was released from feedback inhibition by mixtures of lysine and threonine or AEC and threonine respectively. A recombinant plasmid designated pCS2 carrying a 9.9-kb chromosomal insert that conferred AEC resistance and the ability to excrete lysine to its host was isolated. The aspartokinase activity of the pCS2-carrying strain was resistant towards inhibition by mixtures of lysine and threonine or AEC and threonine respectively. By deletion analysis the DNA region conferring AEC resistance to the host and feedback resistance to its aspartokinase activity could be confined to a 1.2-kb DNA fragment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00903780
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aspartokinase genes lysCα and lysCβ overlap and are adjacent to the aspartate β-semialdehyde dehydrogenase gene asd in Corynebacterium glutamicum (1990)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 224 (1990), S. 317-324 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Aminoethyl cysteine resistance ; Aspartokinase ; Aspartate β-semialdehyde dehydrogenase ; DNA sequencing ; Lysine production
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A 2.1 kb DNA fragment of the recombinant plasmid pCS2, isolated from an aminoethyl cysteine (AEC)-resistant and lysine-producing Corynebacterium glutamicum mutant strain, and which confers AEC resistance and lysine production on the wild-type G. glutamicum ATCC 13032 was analysed. DNA sequence analysis of this fragment revealed three large open reading frames (ORFs). The incomplete ORF1 does not contain the 5′ end of the coding region. ORF2, which uses the same reading frame as ORF1, is identical to the 3′ end of ORF1 and encodes a putative protein of 172 amino acids (aa) and of Mr 18 584. ORF3 encodes a putative protein of 344 as and of Mr 36275. The amino acid sequences deduced from ORF1 and ORF2 display strong homologies to those of the α- and β-subunits of the Bacillus subtilis aspartokinase II. It is therefore proposed that the incomplete ORF1, termed lysCα, encodes part of the α-subunit of the C. glutamicum aspartokinase whereas the complete ORF2, termed lysCβ, encodes the β-subunit of the same enzyme. ORF2 is responsible for AEC resistance and lysine production due to a feedback-resistant aspartokinase. The amino acid sequence deduced from ORF3, termed asd, is highly homologous to that of the Streptococcus mutans aspartate β-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (ASD). Plasmids carrying the C. glutamicum asd gene complemented Escherichia coli asd mutants. Increase in ASD activity by a factor of 30–60 was measured for C. glutamicum cells harbouring high copy-number plasmids with the C. glutamicum asd gene.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00262424
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