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  • 1
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    Impacts of In-Space Assembly as Applied to Human Exploration Architectures (2019)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-10-30
    Description: Human missions to Mars present several major challenges that must be overcome, including delivering multiple large mass and volume elements, keeping the crew safe and productive, meeting cost constraints, and ensuring a sustainable campaign. Traditional methods for executing human Mars missions minimize or eliminate in-space assembly (iSA), which provides a narrow range of options for addressing these challenges and limits the types of missions that can be performed. This paper discusses recent work to evaluate how the inclusion of in-space assembly in space mission architectural concepts could provide novel solutions to address these challenges by increasing operational flexibility, robustness, risk reduction, crew health and safety, and sustainability. Several assembly focus areas identified through previous work were developed and evaluated to identify high-potential iSA applications that can have meaningful impacts on the challenges facing Mars missions. Architecture trade options were developed and assessed through sensitivity analyses, resulting in identification of six iSA-based architecture solutions that could be incorporated into Mars mission architectures with moderate levels of assembly. Assembly agent and infrastructure concepts were also developed that would be necessary to enable or facilitate the iSA operations. Several observations developed through the study are presented to inform future human mission architecture and campaign developments.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: NF1676L-29286 , AIAA SPACE Forum; Sep 17, 2018 - Sep 19, 2018; Orlando, FL; United States
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  • 2
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    Space Science and Technology Partnership Forum: Integration with Commercial In-Space Assembly Activities (2020)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-01-22
    Description: No abstract available
    Keywords: Space Sciences (General)
    Type: HQ-E-DAA-TN73359-2 , AIAA SciTech Forum; Jan 06, 2020 - Jan 10, 2020; Orlando, FL; United States
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  • 3
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    Space Science and Technology Partnership Forum: Integration with Commercial In-Space Assembly Activities (2020)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-01-22
    Description: The interagency Space Science and Technology (S&T) Partnership Forum was established in 2015 with participation from the United States Air Force, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and the National Reconnaissance Office. Seeking to leverage synergies and influence agency portfolios with a focus on key pervasive and game-changing technologies, the S&T Partnership Forum successfully identified and prioritized several collaboration topic areas with high potential for future cross-agency work. The S&T Partnership Forum determines the forum strategy, goals, and objectives, as well as the strategies and objectives specific to each collaboration topic area. In November 2018, the Partnership held a public open forum that focused on the topic area of in-space assembly (iSA). This open forum was coordinated to facilitate government and commercial dialogue, collect data, and perform data analysis to identify potential cross-agency collaboration between government and commercial participants for in-space assembly and promising technologies. This paper discusses the analysis performed on the commercially provided data in relation to previously identified government needs, observations on the correlation between technologies and capabilities between government and commercial industry, and recommendations for future government collaborations with commercial industry for iSA.
    Keywords: Space Sciences (General)
    Type: HQ-E-DAA-TN73559-1 , AIAA SciTech Forum; Jan 06, 2020 - Jan 10, 2020; Orlando, FL; United States
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  • 4
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    Lunar Lander Offloading Operations Using a Heavy-Lift Lunar Surface Manipulator System (2010)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: This study investigates the feasibility of using a heavy-lift variant of the Lunar Surface Manipulator System (LSMS-H) to lift and handle a 12 metric ton payload. Design challenges and requirements particular to handling heavy cargo were examined. Differences between the previously developed first-generation LSMS and the heavy-lift version are highlighted. An in-depth evaluation of the tip-over risk during LSMS-H operations has been conducted using the Synergistic Engineering Environment and potential methods to mitigate that risk are identified. The study investigated three specific offloading scenarios pertinent to current Lunar Campaign studies. The first involved offloading a large element, such as a habitat or logistics module, onto a mobility chassis with a lander-mounted LSMS-H and offloading that payload from the chassis onto the lunar surface with a surface-mounted LSMS-H. The second scenario involved offloading small pressurized rovers with a lander-mounted LSMS-H. The third scenario involved offloading cargo from a third-party lander, such as the proposed ESA cargo lander, with a chassis-mounted LSMS-H. In all cases, the analyses show that the LSMS-H can perform the required operations safely. However, Chariot-mounted operations require the addition of stabilizing outriggers, and when operating from the Lunar surface, LSMS-H functionality is enhanced by adding a simple ground anchoring system.
    Keywords: Ground Support Systems and Facilities (Space)
    Type: NF1676L-10118 , AIAA SPACE 2010 Conference and Exposition; Aug 31, 2010 - Sep 02, 2010; Anaheim, CA; United States
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  • 5
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    Ground-Based Testing of TiB2 and Al2O3/TiB2 Response to Space Environment (2007)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Two materials, titanium diboride and an alumina/titanium diboride composite, exhibit characteristics favorable for use in multiple space applications. These characteristics include low mass (4.52 gm/cc), high strain rate impact resistance, high temperature use (3000oC M.P.), thermal and electrical conductivity, thermal shock resistance, and high visible-range reflectivity. Additionally, the presence of boron in these materials gives them the potential to shield against neutron radiation as well as charged radiation. These materials are flying on MISSE 6 to assess material changes resulting from exposure to the space environment. This study provides a preliminary, ground-based examination of these materials' interactions with individual components of the space environment, in particular atomic oxygen (AO) and neutron radiation, in order to better predict and understand post-flight results. Individual specimens are exposed to ground state AO and surface oxidation is measured. Equivalent exposures of up to 13 months show no rapid oxidation, however evidence indicates some surface oxidation occurring. Other samples are placed near a polyethylene moderated, one Ci Am/Be neutron source to determine their shielding capability. Comparisons between exposed and shielded indium foil, which is activated by transmitted neutrons, measure each material's ability to shield neutrons. Preliminary results indicate a significant shielding benefit provided by both materials.
    Keywords: Composite Materials
    Type: 2007 National Space and Missile Materials Symposium; Jun 25, 2007 - Jun 29, 2007; Keystone, CO; United States
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  • 6
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    Viability of a Reusable In-Space Transportation System (2015)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is currently developing options for an Evolvable Mars Campaign (EMC) that expands human presence from Low Earth Orbit (LEO) into the solar system and to the surface of Mars. The Hybrid in-space transportation architecture is one option being investigated within the EMC. The architecture enables return of the entire in-space propulsion stage and habitat to cis-lunar space after a round trip to Mars. This concept of operations opens the door for a fully reusable Mars transportation system from cis-lunar space to a Mars parking orbit and back. This paper explores the reuse of in-space transportation systems, with a focus on the propulsion systems. It begins by examining why reusability should be pursued and defines reusability in space-flight context. A range of functions and enablers associated with preparing a system for reuse are identified and a vision for reusability is proposed that can be advanced and implemented as new capabilities are developed. Following this, past reusable spacecraft and servicing capabilities, as well as those currently in development are discussed. Using the Hybrid transportation architecture as an example, an assessment of the degree of reusability that can be incorporated into the architecture with current capabilities is provided and areas for development are identified that will enable greater levels of reuse in the future. Implications and implementation challenges specific to the architecture are also presented.
    Keywords: Space Transportation and Safety
    Type: NF1676L-20778 , AIAA Space; Aug 31, 2015 - Sep 02, 2015; Pasadena, CA; United States
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  • 7
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    Analysis of Water Surplus at the Lunar Outpost (2010)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: This paper evaluates the benefits to the lunar architecture and outpost of having a surplus of water, or a surplus of energy in the form of hydrogen and oxygen, as it has been predicted by Constellation Program's Lunar Surface System analyses. Assumptions and a scenario are presented leading to the water surplus and the revolutionary surface element options for improving the lunar exploration architecture and mission objectives. For example, some of the elements that can benefit from a water surplus are: the power system energy storage can minimize the use of battery systems by replacing batteries with higher energy density fuel cell systems; battery packs on logistics pallets can also be minimized; mobility asset power system mass can be reduced enabling more consumables and extended roving duration and distance; small robotic vehicles (hoppers) can be used to increase the science exploration range by sending round-trip robotic missions to anywhere on the Moon using in-situ produced propellants.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: KSC-2010-170 , AIAA Space 2010 Conference and Exposition; Aug 30, 2010 - Sep 02, 2010; Anaheim, CA; United States
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  • 8
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    Space Science and Technology Partnership Forum: Analysis for a Joint Demonstration of High Priority, In-Space Assembly Technology (2018)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-12-05
    Description: The various U. S. government agencies that are pursuing in-space assembly technology have a common need to demonstrate technological capabilities on a space-based platform. Several of the agencies, and different mission developers within an agency, have independently begun planning such demonstrations. This paper reports on a study of how well the different planned platforms could support demonstrations of the agencies joint needs. The study first prioritized a comprehensive list of the needs for in-space assembly capabilities across the agencies against jointly agreed evaluation criteria. Each planned demonstration platform was characterized to a first order. The capability needs were qualitatively assessed against four figures of merit including their joint priority, and the platforms were assessed against five criteria to produce a quantitative weighting factor of reach capability need and each platform. A Quality Function Deployment (QFD) matrix was used to deploy the weighted capability needs against the weighted platforms capabilities. This first-order assessment showed that the platforms reflect a great deal of redundant capability without a strong reason to prefer one over the others. These results were largely insensitive to the details of the assumptions.
    Keywords: Spacecraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Type: NF1676L-30846 , 2962199 , 2018 AIAA SPACE Forum; Sep 17, 2018 - Sep 19, 2019; Orlando, FL; United States
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  • 9
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    In-Space Assembly Capability Assessment for Potential Human Exploration and Science Applications (2017)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-14
    Description: Human missions to Mars present several major challenges that must be overcome, including delivering multiple large mass and volume elements, keeping the crew safe and productive, meeting cost constraints, and ensuring a sustainable campaign. Traditional methods for executing human Mars missions minimize or eliminate in-space assembly, which provides a narrow range of options for addressing these challenges and limits the types of missions that can be performed. This paper discusses recent work to evaluate how the inclusion of in-space assembly in space mission architectural concepts could provide novel solutions to address these challenges by increasing operational flexibility, robustness, risk reduction, crew health and safety, and sustainability. A hierarchical framework is presented to characterize assembly strategies, assembly tasks, and the required capabilities to assemble mission systems in space. The framework is used to identify general mission system design considerations and assembly system characteristics by assembly strategy. These general approaches are then applied to identify potential in-space assembly applications to address each challenge. Through this process, several focus areas were identified where applications of in-space assembly could affect multiple challenges. Each focus area was developed to identify functions, potential assembly solutions and operations, key architectural trades, and potential considerations and implications of implementation. This paper helps to identify key areas to investigate were potentially significant gains in addressing the challenges with human missions to Mars may be realized, and creates a foundation on which to further develop and analyze in-space assembly concepts and assembly-based architectures.
    Keywords: Systems Analysis and Operations Research
    Type: NF1676L-26534 , AIAA SPACE 2017 Conference; Sep 12, 2017 - Sep 14, 2017; Orlando, FL; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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