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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The adsorption of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans on coal surfaces (1986)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 28 (1986), S. 467-479 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The adsorption of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans to coal surfaces has been studied. Adsorption experiments were conducted on coal samples from eight different Eastern coal fields. In all cases the adsorption process was at least 90% complete within the first two minutes following inoculation. The results of these experiments were used to test the validity of two proposed adsorption models. The first model assumes that bacterial adsorption follows second-order irreversible kinetics of the second kind with respect to the concentration of bacteria and substratum surface area in the system. The second model allows for the contribution of reversible adsorption detected in desorption experiments. It was found that the combined reversible-irreversible model more accurately describes the initial stages of adsorption. Rate constants in both models were calculated for each coal sample. The relation of each of these constants to the pyrite concentration in coal is presented and the significance of these relations is discussed.Scanning electron micrographs of inoculated coal samples sho that Thiobacillus ferrooxidans selectively adsorb to exposed pyrite phases dispersed throughout the organic coal matrix. Preferential attachment was also observed along topographical faults in the caol surface. Mercury contact angle measurements on coal indicate that the selective adsorption of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans may be attributable to the lower surface free energy of pyrite relative to the organic coal matrix.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260280402
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 2
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    Space station ECLSS simplified integrated test (1989)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A discussion of the Space Station Simplified Integrated Test (SIT) was conducted. The first in a series of three integrated Environmental Control and Life Support (ECLS) system tests, the primary objectives of the SIT were to verify proper operation of ECLS subsystems functioning in an integrated fashion as well as to gather preliminary performance data for the partial ECLS system used in the test. A description of the SIT configuration, a summary of events, a discussion of anomalies that occurred during the test, and detailed results and analysis from individual measurements and water and gas samples taken during the test are included. The preprototype ECLS hardware used in the test is reported providing an overall process description and theory of operation for each hardware item.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: NASA-TM-100363 , NAS 1.15:100363
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Phase III integrated water recovery testing at MSFC - Design, plans, and protocols (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A series of tests is being conducted at the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) to evaluate the performance of a closed-loop water recovery system. Testing will be conducted at various levels of integration and loop-closure, culminating in complete closure of the water system with man-in-the-loop. This paper summarizes the test goals and objectives as well as the system design, plans, and protocols which have been established.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: SAE PAPER 891554
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    CMIF ECLS system test findings (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: During 1987 three Space Station integrated Environmental Control and Life Support System (ECLSS) tests were conducted at the Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) Core Module Integration Facility (CMIF) as part of the MSFC ECLSS Phase II test program. The three tests ranged in duration from 50 to 150 hours and were conducted inside of the CMIF module simulator. The Phase II partial integrated system test configuration consisted of four regenerative air revitalization subsystems and one regenerative water reclamation subsystem. This paper contains a discussion of results and lessons learned from the Phase II test program. The design of the Phase II test configuration and improvements made throughout the program are detailed. Future plans for the MSFC CMIF test program are provided, including an overview of planned improvements for the Phase III program.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: SAE PAPER 891552
    Format: text
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  • 5
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    Application of biocatalysts to Space Station ECLSS and PMMS water reclamation (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Immobilized enzyme reactors have been developed and tested for potential water reclamation applications in the Space Station Freedom Environmental Control and Life Support System (ECLSS) and Process Materials Management System (PMMS). The reactors convert low molecular weight organic contaminants found in ECLSS and PMMS wastewaters to compounds that are more efficiently removed by existing technologies. Demonstration of the technology was successfully achieved with two model reactors. A packed bed reactor containing immobilized urease was found to catalyze the complete decomposition of urea to by-products that were subsequently removed using conventional ion exchange results. A second reactor containing immobilized alcohol oxidase showed promising results relative to its ability to convert methanol and ethanol to the corresponding aldehydes for subsequent removal. Preliminary assessments of the application of biocatalysts to ECLSS and PMMS water reclamation sytems are presented.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: SAE PAPER 891442
    Format: text
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  • 6
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    Space Station CMIF extended duration metabolic control test (1989)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The Space Station Extended Duration Metabolic Control Test (EMCT) was conducted at the MSFC Core Module Integration Facility. The primary objective of the EMCT was to gather performance data from a partially-closed regenerative Environmental Control and Life Support (ECLS) system functioning under steady-state conditions. Included is a description of the EMCT configuration, a summary of events, a discussion of anomalies that occurred during the test, and detailed results and analysis from individual measurements of water and gas samples taken during the test. A comparison of the physical, chemical, and microbiological methods used in the post test laboratory analyses of the water samples is included. The preprototype ECLS hardware used in the test, providing an overall process description and theory of operation for each hardware item. Analytical results pertaining to a system level mass balance and selected system power estimates are also included.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE
    Type: NASA-TM-100362 , NAS 1.15:100362
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 7
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    Phase 3 integrated water recovery testing at MSFC: Single loop test results and lessons learned (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A series of tests has been conducted at the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) to evaluate the performance of the Space Station Freedom (SSF) water recovery system. Potable and urine reclamation processors were integrated with waste water generation equipment and sucessfully operated for a total of 144 days. This testing marked the first occasion in which the waste feed sources for the previous potable and hygiene loops were combined into a single loop and processed to potable water quality. Reclaimed potable water from the combined waste waters routinely met the SSF water quality specifications.In the last stage of testing, data was obtained that indicated that the water processor (WP) presterilizer may not be required to meet the potable water quality specification. The removal of the presterilizer from the Water Processor design would provide a significant power savings, though an increase in the residence time of the catalytic oxidation reactor may be required to meet the potable microbial and total Organic Carbon specifications. This paper summarizes the test objectives, system design, test activities/protocols, significant results/anomalies and major lessons learned.
    Keywords: COMPUTER PROGRAMMING AND SOFTWARE
    Type: SAE PAPER 932048 , (ISSN 0148-7191); 19 p.|SAE, International Conference on Environmental Systems; Jul 12, 1993 - Jul 15, 1993; Colorado Springs, CO; United States
    Format: text
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  • 8
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    Constellation Program Thermal and Environmental Control and Life Support System Status: 2009 - 2010 (2009)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-19
    Description: The Constellation Program (CxP) consists of spacecrafts, launch vehicles, and support systems to execute the Exploration Architecture. The Program is currently divided into three distinct phases. The first phase is to develop a vehicle to provide limited cargo resupply capability and allow crew member rotation to the International Space Station (ISS). The second phase is to support the return of humans to the moon. The final phase is currently envisioned to allow the delivery of humans and cargo to Mars for an extended time. To implement this phased approach the CxP is currently working on the first vehicle and support systems to replace the Space Shuttle and allow continued access to space. This paper provides a summary of the CxP Thermal and Environmental Control and Life Support (ECLS) work that that has occurred across the different parts of the Program in support of these three phases over the past year.
    Keywords: Man/System Technology and Life Support
    Type: JSC-CN-19311 , International Conference on Environmental Systems; Jul 11, 2010 - Jul 15, 2010; Barcelona; Spain
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 9
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    National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Environmental Control and Life Support (ECLS) Capability Roadmap Development for Exploration (2012)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: NASA is considering a number of future human space exploration mission concepts. Although detailed requirements and vehicle architectures remain mostly undefined, near-term technology investment decisions need to be guided by the anticipated capabilities needed to enable or enhance the mission concepts. This paper describes a roadmap that NASA has formulated to guide the development of Environmental Control and Life Support Systems (ECLSS) capabilities required to enhance the long-term operation of the International Space Station (ISS) and enable beyond-Low Earth Orbit (LEO) human exploration missions. Three generic mission types were defined to serve as a basis for developing a prioritized list of needed capabilities and technologies. Those are 1) a short duration micro gravity mission; 2) a long duration transit microgravity mission; and 3) a long duration surface exploration mission. To organize the effort, ECLSS was categorized into three major functional groups (atmosphere, water, and solid waste management) with each broken down into sub-functions. The ability of existing, flight-proven state-of-the-art (SOA) technologies to meet the functional needs of each of the three mission types was then assessed. When SOA capabilities fell short of meeting the needs, those "gaps" were prioritized in terms of whether or not the corresponding capabilities enable or enhance each of the mission types. The resulting list of enabling and enhancing capability gaps can be used to guide future ECLSS development. A strategy to fulfill those needs over time was then developed in the form of a roadmap. Through execution of this roadmap, the hardware and technologies needed to enable and enhance exploration may be developed in a manner that synergistically benefits the ISS operational capability, supports Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle (MPCV) development, and sustains long-term technology investments for longer duration missions. This paper summarizes NASA s ECLSS capability roadmap development process, findings, and recommendation
    Keywords: Space Sciences (General)
    Type: GLEX-2012.10.1.1x12284 , M12-1707 , M12-1770 , Global Space Exploration Conference; May 22, 2012 - May 24, 2012; Washington, DC; United States
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  • 10
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    An Environmental Control and Life Support System Concept for a Pressurized Lunar Rover (2010)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Pressurized rovers can add many attractive capabilities to a human lunar exploration campaign, most notably by extending the reach of astronauts far beyond the immediate vicinities of lunar landers and fixed assets such as habitats. Effective campaigns will depend on an efficient allocation of environmental control and life support system (ECLSS) equipment amongst mobile rovers and fixed habitats such that widespread and sustainable exploration can be achieved. This paper will describe some of the key drivers that influence the design of an ECLSS for a pressurized lunar rover and a conceptual design that has been formulated to address those drivers. Opportunities to realize programmatic and operational efficiencies through commonality of rover ECLSS and extravehicular activity (EVA) equipment have also been explored and will be described. Plans for the inclusion of ECLSS functionality in prototype lunar rovers will be summarized
    Keywords: Man/System Technology and Life Support
    Type: M10-0804 , International Conference on Environmental Systems; Jul 12, 2010 - Jul 16, 2010; Barcelona; Spain
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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