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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2015-09-15
    Description: We report the first UV laser photodissociation spectra of gas-phase I − ⋅ MI (M = Na, K, Cs) alkali halide anionic microclusters. The photodepletion spectra of these clusters display strong absorption bands just below the calculated vertical detachment energies, indicative of the presence of dipole-bound excited states. Photoexcitation at the peak of the transition to the dipole-bound excited state results in production of a primary [MI] − photofragment along with a less intense I − ion. The photofragmentation mechanism of the excited state cluster is discussed in the context of an initial dipole-bound excited state that subsequently relaxes via a vibrational Feschbach resonance. The experiments described have been performed in an electrospray source laser-interfaced quadrupole ion-trap instrument and demonstrated for the first time that dipole-bound excited states can be identified in the relatively high-collision environment of a quadrupole ion-trap, in particular for systems with large dipole moments associated with the presence of charge separation. This indicates considerable potential for future experiments that identify dipole-bound excited states as a “low-resolution” structural probe of biomolecules and molecular charge separation using the instrumentation employed in this work.
    Print ISSN: 0021-9606
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7690
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2014-06-20
    Description: We report on high spatial resolution water maser observations, using the Australia Telescope Compact Array, towards water maser sites previously identified in the H 2 O southern Galactic Plane Survey (HOPS). Of the 540 masers identified in the single-dish observations of Walsh et al., we detect emission in all but 31 fields. We report on 2790 spectral features (maser spots), with brightnesses ranging from 0.06 to 576 Jy and with velocities ranging from –238.5 to +300.5 km s –1 . These spectral features are grouped into 631 maser sites. We have compared the positions of these sites to the literature to associate the sites with astrophysical objects. We identify 433 (69 per cent) with star formation, 121 (19 per cent) with evolved stars and 77 (12 per cent) as unknown. We find that maser sites associated with evolved stars tend to have more maser spots and have smaller angular sizes than those associated with star formation. We present evidence that maser sites associated with evolved stars show an increased likelihood of having a velocity range between 15 and 35 km s –1 compared to other maser sites. Of the 31 non-detections, we conclude they were not detected due to intrinsic variability and confirm previous results showing that such variable masers tend to be weaker and have simpler spectra with fewer peaks.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2008-11-21
    Description: Many species are currently moving to higher latitudes and altitudes. However, little is known about the factors that influence the future performance of range-expanding species in their new habitats. Here we show that range-expanding plant species from a riverine area were better defended against shoot and root enemies than were related native plant species growing in the same area. We grew fifteen plant species with and without non-coevolved polyphagous locusts and cosmopolitan, polyphagous aphids. Contrary to our expectations, the locusts performed more poorly on the range-expanding plant species than on the congeneric native plant species, whereas the aphids showed no difference. The shoot herbivores reduced the biomass of the native plants more than they did that of the congeneric range expanders. Also, the range-expanding plants developed fewer pathogenic effects in their root-zone soil than did the related native species. Current predictions forecast biodiversity loss due to limitations in the ability of species to adjust to climate warming conditions in their range. Our results strongly suggest that the plants that shift ranges towards higher latitudes and altitudes may include potential invaders, as the successful range expanders may experience less control by above-ground or below-ground enemies than the natives.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Engelkes, Tim -- Morrien, Elly -- Verhoeven, Koen J F -- Bezemer, T Martijn -- Biere, Arjen -- Harvey, Jeffrey A -- McIntyre, Lauren M -- Tamis, Wil L M -- van der Putten, Wim H -- England -- Nature. 2008 Dec 18;456(7224):946-8. doi: 10.1038/nature07474. Epub 2008 Nov 19.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Multitrophic Interactions, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), PO Box 40, 6666 ZG Heteren, The Netherlands.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19020504" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological/*physiology ; Altitude ; Animals ; Aphids/physiology ; Biodiversity ; Biomass ; *Ecosystem ; *Feeding Behavior ; Grasshoppers/physiology ; Plant Roots/*physiology ; Plant Shoots/*physiology ; Rivers ; Soil ; Temperature
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1984-03-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Harvey, J A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Mar 16;223(4641):1170.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17742928" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 1979-10-26
    Description: The acquisition and terminal performance of a classical conditioning group compared with a control group indicated that extension of the nictitating membrane elicited by direct electrical stimulation of the abducens nucleus was successfully conditioned to a previously neutral stimulus. The conditioning so obtained was associative and not due to such nonassociative factors as sensitization, pseudo-conditioning, or alteration in base-rate responding.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mis, F W -- Gormezano, I -- Harvey, J A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Oct 26;206(4417):473-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/504990" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Abducens Nerve/*physiology ; Animals ; Brain Stem/*physiology ; Conditioning, Eyelid/*physiology ; Electric Stimulation ; Motor Neurons/physiology ; Nictitating Membrane/*physiology ; Rabbits
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2017-10-28
    Description: We developed lead halide perovskite quantum dot (QD) films with tuned surface chemistry based on A-site cation halide salt (AX) treatments. QD perovskites offer colloidal synthesis and processing using industrially friendly solvents, which decouples grain growth from film deposition, and at present produce larger open-circuit voltages ( V OC ’s) than thin-film perovskites. CsPbI 3 QDs, with a tunable bandgap between 1.75 and 2.13 eV, are an ideal top cell candidate for all-perovskite multijunction solar cells because of their demonstrated small V OC deficit. We show that charge carrier mobility within perovskite QD films is dictated by the chemical conditions at the QD-QD junctions. The AX treatments provide a method for tuning the coupling between perovskite QDs, which is exploited for improved charge transport for fabricating high-quality QD films and devices. The AX treatments presented here double the film mobility, enabling increased photocurrent, and lead to a record certified QD solar cell efficiency of 13.43%.
    Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 173 (1954), S. 942-943 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] THE radiation-widths of levels of low excitation can, if sufficiently narrow (~ 10~6 eV.), be determined directly from the life-time of the state. The vast majority of levels, however, have much greater widths, which are often obtainable from properties of the nuclear reactions in which the levels ...
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1573-8248
    Keywords: Plodia interpunctella ; Venturia canescens ; Corcyra cephalonica ; defensive behaviour
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Résmé Les intéractions, sur le plan comportemental, entre le parasitoïde solitaire koïnobionte,Venturia canescens et deux de ses hôtes,Plodia interpunctella etCorcyra cephalonica ont fait l'objet de cette étude. La réponse des deux hôtes à une exploration antennaire simulée à l'aide d'un pinceau à 2 poils différait selon qu'il s'agissait des petites larves du 3e stade ou des grosses larves du 5e stade. En réponse à ce stimulus, les jeunes larves deP. interpunctella adoptaient principalement un comportement de fuite (en se contorsionnant ou en se débattant) alors que les larves de 3e stade deC. cephalonica se montraient plus agressives (en rejetant la tête en arrière et en donnant des coups de patte). Au stade L5, les larves deP. interpunctella s'immobilisaient après l'application du stimulus, alors que celles deC. cephalonica avaient une réponse moins agressive qu'aux stades précédents. Alors queV. canescens enfoncait rapidement son ovipositeur dans les 2 hôtes après une exploration antennaire,P. interpunctella était nettement plus sensible à l'attaque du parasitoïde queC. cephalonica, et ce sans tenir compte de la taille du dernier stade (L5).C. cephalonica, l'hôte le plus grand et le plus agressif, résiste activement au parasitisme tandis quePlodia répond de façon beaucoup plus passive au contact du parasitoïde. Les parasitoïdes examinent les hôtes morts et y enfoncent leur ovipositeur, mais les attaques ne sont pas poursuivies et les femelles s'en désintéressent rapidement. Sur des sites oùV. canescens est en présence de larves du 5e stade deC. cephalonica on deP. interpunctella, la plupart des larves deP. interpunctella répondaient au contact avec le parasitoïde par l'immobilité, alors que les larves deC. cephalonica adoptaient une attitude un peu plus agressive. Les larves deP. interpunctella qui s'immobilisaient échappaient habituellement au parasitisme tandis que celles qui tentaient de fuir étaient poursuivies avec vigueur par le parasitoïde et généralement parasitées. En dépit de leur comportement après le contact,C. cephalonica évitait l'attaque avec plus de succès. L'acceptation de l'hôte parV. canescens est clairement dépendante de la taille et l'espèce de l'hôte qu'il attaque. Le rôle du comportement défensif de l'hôte est discuté en relation avec l'évolution de comportement de contre-défense du parasitoïde et de ses stratégies d'oviposition.
    Notes: Abstract Behavioural interactions between the solitary koinobiont parasitoid,Venturia canescens, and two of its hosts,Plodia interpunctella andCorcyra cephalonica, were investigated. The response of both hosts to simulated antennation using a two-haired brush was examined over instars 3 (L3) to 5 (L5). YoungP. interpunctella larvae predominantly adopted escape tactics (writhe, trash) whereas L5P. interpunctella usually froze after the stimulus was applied. L3C. cephalonica larvae were more aggressive (headrear, flick) thanP. interpunctella in response to the application of the stimulus, but olderC. cephalonica responded less aggressively than in earlier instars. AlthoughV. canescens readily jabbed its ovipositor at both hosts after antennation,P. interpunctella was considerably more susceptible to parasitoid attack thanC. cephalonica, irrespective of size in the final (L5) instar.C. cephalonica, the larger, more aggressive host, actively resisted parasitism whereasP. interpunctella responded much more passively after parasitoid contact. Parasitoids examined and jabbed their ovipositors at dead hosts, but this behaviour was not sustained, implying that host movement stimulates parasitoid attack. On patches containingV. canescens, L5C. cephalonica andP. interpunctella, mostP. interpunctella larvae responded by freezing after parasitoid contact.P. interpunctella that froze usually avoided parasitism, whereas larvae that attempted to escape by crawling were pursued with vigour byV. canescens and usually parasitized. Irrespective of behaviour after parasitoid contact,C. cephalonia displayed more aggressive behaviour and had much greater success in warding off parasitoid attack. Host acceptance byV. canescens is clearly affected by the size and species of the host it attacks. The influence of host defensive behaviour is discussed in relation to the evolution of parasitoid counter-defences and oviposition strategies.
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 1955-07-01
    Print ISSN: 0031-899X
    Electronic ISSN: 1536-6065
    Topics: Physics
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 1947-08-01
    Print ISSN: 0031-899X
    Electronic ISSN: 1536-6065
    Topics: Physics
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