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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Correlation of the protection potential and the ohmic potential drop
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Electrochimica Acta 23 (1978), S. 251-253 
    Details
    ISSN: 0013-4686
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0013-4686(78)85053-1
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cathodic polarization of aluminium in acetate-buffered chloride media
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Electrochimica Acta 24 (1979), S. 1229-1235 
    Details
    ISSN: 0013-4686
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0013-4686(79)87077-2
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the theory of thermocouples and thermocells
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Physica 19 (1953), S. 1109-1118 
    Details
    ISSN: 0031-8914
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0031-8914(53)80124-2
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermodynamics of irreversible processes in rotating systems
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Physica 19 (1953), S. 1095-1108 
    Details
    ISSN: 0031-8914
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0031-8914(53)80123-0
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pitting Potentials of Aluminium Alloys (1977)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 28 (1977), S. 475-477 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Lochkorrosionspotentiale von AluminumlegierungenDas Lochkorrosionspotential der folgenden Aluminiumlegierungen wurde in 3%iger NaCl-Lösung potentiodynamisch und potentiostatisch bestimmt: Al-2,7 Mg-(0-,94) Mn; Al-2,7 Mg-0,43 Mn-(d0-0.3) Cr; Al-4,7 Mg-0,13 Cr-0,78 Mn; Al-5,1 Mg-0,1 Sb; al-5,1 Mg-0,3 Sb; Al-2S-1/2H (handelsübliches Aluminum) und hochreines Aluminum (99,99 Al). Die Ergebbisse zeigen, daß die Legierungszusätze das Lochfraßpotential nicht sehr stark beeinflussen. Mit zunehmendem Magnesiumgehalt nimmt das Lochfraßpotential ab, während es mit zunehmendem Mangangehalt bis zu einem bestimmten Punkt zunimmt. Die Art und die Menge der Sekundärphasen scheinen das Lockkorrosionspotential nicht merklich zu beeinflussen.
    Notes: The pitting potential of the following aluminum alloys in 3% sodium chloride solution was measured using potentiodynamic and potentionstatic methods: Al-2.7 Mg with 0-0.47% Cr, Al-2.7 Mg with 0-0.94% Mn, Al-2.7 Mg-0.43 Mn with 0-0.31% Cr, Al-4.7 Mg-0.13 Cr-0.78 Mn, Al-51 Mg with 0.1 and 0.3% Sb, Al 2S-1/2H (commercial aluminum) super pure Al (99,99% Al). The results show that the pitting potential is not much affected by the alloying elements. The pitting potetial decreases with increasing content of magnesium and increases slightly with increasing content of manganese up to a certain point. The nature and amount of secondary phases do not seem to have any marked influence upon the pitting potential.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19770280704
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Correlation of the open-circuit and electrochemical measurements for the pitting corrosion of aluminim in chloride media (1979)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 30 (1979), S. 105-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Korrelation von elektrochemischen Messungen mit und ohne Außenpotential bei der Lochkorrosion von Aluminium in chloridhaltigen MedienDie Lochkorrosion von Aluminium in Natriumchloridlösungen wurden durch Messung des freien Korrosionspotentials und der Polarisation in 3%igen Natriumchloridlösungen unter sucht. Dabei wurde die zeitliche Abhängigkeit des Potentials für verschiedene Aluminiumlegierungen bestimmt; überwiegend wurden die handelsübliche reine Legierung 1 S (Al 99, 5) und höchstreines Aluminium verwendet. Außerdem wurden Polarisationsmessungen mit der Legierung 1 S unter potentiostatischen und galvanostatischen Bedingungen in entlüfteten Lösungen durchgeführt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß die Auslösung, das Wachstum und die Repassivierung der Löcher einen reproduzierbaren Verlauf in Abhängigkeit von Potential und Zeit aufweisen. Die Löcher entstehen nur oberhalb eines kritischen Potentials und repassivieren sich unterhalb eines aktiveren Schutzpotentials, was die klassischen Theorien stützt. Das Lochwachstum erfolgt entweder Makroskopisch an einer Gesamtfront oder interkristallin; Welcher der beiden Mechanismen auftritt, hängt davon ab, ob das Potential oberhalb oder unterhalb des Lochfraßpotential liegt. Die gemessenen freien Potentialwerte und die Polarisationsdaten stimmen für alle Phasen der Aluminiumkorrosion vollständig überein.
    Notes: Pitting of aluminium in NaCl solutions has been investigated by open-circuit and polarization studies in 3% NaCl solutions. The variation of the corrosion potential has been measured with respect to time for various Al alloys; however, the emphasis has been on the commercially-poure 1 S (Al 99,5) and the super-pure metal. In addition, polarization data have been obtained for the 1S alloy under potentiostatic and galvanostatic conditions in deaerated solutions. The results indicate that pit initiation, propagation, and repassivation show certain reproducible trends as a function of potential and time. Pits initiate only above a critical pitting potential and repassivate below a more active protection potential in support of the classical theories. Pit propagation occurs on a macroscopic front or exhibits intercrystalline nature depending on whether the potential is, respectively, above or below the pitting potential. Open-circuit and polarization data are in full correspondence regarding all phase of aluminium corrosion.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19790300204
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Passivität und Lochfraß an unlegiertem Stahl in eutektischer Natrium-Kaliumnitratschmelze (1980)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 31 (1980), S. 470-474 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Passivity and pitting of unalloyed steel in eutectic sodium/potassium nitrite meltStationary potential-current-diagrams of mild steel in eutectic sodium-potassium-nitrate melt were studied. Pitting was found in the presence of sodium-chloride in concentrations exceeding 0.035 mole/kg. Iron initially dissolved from the pits as ferrous ions, but was subsequently deposited as ferric oxide in and above the pits. The pit growth followed a cubic time law.
    Notes: In eutektischer Kalium-Natriumnitratschmelze wurden stationäre Stromspannungskurven an Stahl St 37 aufgenommen. In Gegenwart von Natriumchlorid in Konzentrationen über 0,035 Mol/kg wurde Lochfraß an den passiven Stahlelektroden beobachtet. Er folgt einem kubischen Zeitgesetz.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19800310607
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetics for pitting corrosion of a 13 Cr steel in neutral chloride solutions (1976)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 27 (1976), S. 497-504 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die Kinetik der Lochkorrosion eines 13% Cr-Stahl in neutralen ChloridlösungenDie Kinetik der Lochkorrosion ist vor allem eine Funktion der Induktionszeit und des Lochfraßpotentials, so daß diejenigen Faktoren ermittelt werden müssen, welche diese beiden Parameter beeinflussen. Zur Bestimmung des Potentials eignen sich potentiostatische Methoden, wobei als Kriterium der Lochkorrosion der Stromanstieg und die im Stereomikroskop sichtbare Loch-bildung dienen. Die unterschiedliche Lochform (kugel-und halbkugeligen Querschnitt), wobei der Radius bis zum doppelten des Radius der Lochöffnung wächst. Von diesem Augenblick an kommt es nur noch zur Lochvertiefung, wobei das Loch konische Gestalt annimmt. Insgesamt ergibt sich ein diffusions- kontrollierter Mechanismus, bei dem auch die Reduktion von Sauerstoff eine Rolle spielen kann.
    Notes: The kinetics of pitting corrosion is pre-dominantly a function of the induction time and of the pitting potentials, so that it is indispensable to find all those two parameters. In order to find the potential one may use potentiostatic methods, the criterion of pitting corrosion being the current increase and the pit formation made visible in the stereomicroscope. The induction time increase as the applied potential decreases. The differences in the shape of the pits(spherical, semispherical, conical) have not been clearly interpreted so far; basically, in most cases, the cross section of the pits is semispherical at first, the radius increasing double the radius of the opening of the pit. From this moment on there is only pit growth to the depth, the pit becoming of conical shape. The overall mechanism is diffusion controlled, and the reduction of oxygen may play a certain role, too.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19760270704
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phosphorus in soil, water and sediment: an overview (1988)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 170 (1988), S. 19-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Phosphorus ; mineral ; soil ; sediment ; sorption ; transport
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The geochemistry, availability and abundance of different forms of phosphorus in soil, water and sediments are reviewed. The present knowledge of phosphorus pathways in ecosystems and their regulation is discussed. In a drainage basin, anthropogenic phosphorus is brought into the system mainly as fertilizers and detergents. Sewer systems and outwash processes transfer the phosphorus from the terrestrial environment to the aquatic part of the ecosystem where an accumulation occurs in the sediments of the watercourse. A great part of the phosphates in soil is sorbed to soil particles or incorporated into soil organic matter. The release and export of phosphorus from uncultivated soil is a function of the geology and soil composition, but also of the air temperature, precipitation and the hydrological condition, pH etc. The solubility of phosphates is controlled by either sorption-desorption or precipitation-dissolution reactions depending on the environment in the soil or sediments. In soil and sediments with large amounts of iron and aluminium hydrous oxides, sorption-desorption reactions are largely responsible for determining the level of orthophosphate in the solution at equilibrium. Algal availability of phosphorus associated with soil-derived materials present in aquatic systems deserves more research. In addition, processes responsible for transport of phosphorus from cropland to aquatic systems and chemical and microbial transformations of phosphorus in lakes and streams deserve more attention.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00024896
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Influence of Chloride Concentration on the Kinetic Behaviour for the Initiation Stage of pitting corrosion on aluminium (1975)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 26 (1975), S. 629-633 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Einfluß der Chloridkonzentration auf die Kinetik der Anfangsperiode des Lochfraßes von AluminiumVersuche wurden durchgeführt, um den Einfluß von angelegten Potentialen und der Chloridkonzentration auf die Kinetik des Lochfraßes von unlegiertem Aluminium zu untersuchen. Für den in entlüfteten Natriumchloridlösungen bei 30°C durchgeführten Versuch wurde eine potentiostatische Methode verwendet. Das Lochfraßpotential wird nach der von Broli, Holtan und Midjo stammenden Extrapolationsmethode ermittelt, wobei sich eine Beziehung zwischen dem Lochfraßpotential und der Chloridkonzentration ergibt. Die Verfasser legen eine kinetische Deutung des Einflusses des angelegten Potentials und der Chloridkonzentration auf die Induktionsperiode vor.
    Notes: Experiments are performed to study the influence of applied potential and chloride concentration on the kinetic behaviour of pitting corrosion initiation for unalloyed aluminium. A potentiostatic method is used at 30°C in deaerated solutions of sodium chloride. The pitting potential, Ep, is determined by the extrapolation method described by Broli, Holtan and Midjo, and a relation between Ep and chloride concentration is found. Kinetic interpretations such as the influence of applied potential and chloride concentration on the induction time are given.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19750260806
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