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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2012-02-12
    Print ISSN: 1367-4803
    Electronic ISSN: 1460-2059
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Medicine
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1866
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract A total of forty-three galena samples from syngenetic and epigenetic Pb-Zn mineralizations emplaced in the Lower Cretaceous Basque-Cantabrian basin and Paleozoic basement of the Cinco Villas massif in the western Pyrenees, have been analyzed for Pb-isotopic composition. Galena from sedex mineralizations hosted in Carboniferous clastic rocks in the Cinco Villas massif display an homogeneous lead isotopic signature (206Pb/2044Pb ≈ 18.43, 207Pb/204Pb ≈ 15.66, 208Pb/ 204Pb ≈ 38.69) suggesting a single lead reservoir. These values are slightly more radiogenic than lead from other European Hercynian deposits, possibly reflecting the influence of a more evolved upper crustal source. Underlying Paleozoic sediments are proposed as lead source for the Cinco Villas massif ores. Analyses from twenty-six galena samples from the four strata-bound ore districts hosted in Mesozoic rocks reveal the existence of two populations regarding their lead isotopic composition. Galena from the western Santander districts (e.g., Reocin) is characterized by more radiogenic isotope values (206Pb/204Pb ≈ 18.74, 207Pb/204Pb ≈ 15.67, 208Pb/ 204Pb ≈ 38.73) than those from the central and eastern districts (Troya-Legorreta, Central and Western Vizcaya, 206Pb/204Pb ≈ 18.59, 207Pb/204Pb ≈ 15.66, 208Pb/ 204Pb ≈ 38.73). In all districts, the most likely source for these mineralizations was the thick sequence of Lower Cretaceous clastic sediments. The existence of two separate lead isotopic populations could be the result of regional difference in the composition of the basement rocks and the clastic sediments derived of it or different evolution histories. In both sub-basins, isotopic ratios indicate an increase in crustal influence as the age of the ores decreases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: KEY WORDS: Land evaluation; Soil salinity; Irrigation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: 2 semiarid irrigated area with salt-affected soils. The available soil map is at 1:100,000 scale and its mapping units are used for the land evaluation with the FAO framework. These data are then elaborated using the index value method. This procedure gives a map of land evaluation units and a table that rates the productive potential of these units for six crops: alfalfa, barley, maize, rice, sunflower, and wheat.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry 79 (1994), S. 213-219 
    ISSN: 1010-6030
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 73 (1998), S. 3300-3302 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In this letter, we present a new scanning probe microscopy mode, jumping mode, which allows the simultaneous measurement of the topography and of some other physical property of the sample. Essentially, at each image point first the topography of the sample is measured during a feedback phase of a cycle, and then the tip–sample interaction is evaluated in real time as the tip is moved away and towards the sample. Since the lateral motion is done out of contact the method is free, or nearly free, of shear forces. The general advantages of jumping mode are discussed. Finally, two different applications of this mode are presented. In addition to the topography, the first application measures the adhesion between the tip and the sample, while the second determines the corresponding electrostatic interaction.© 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Soil use and management 19 (2003), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1475-2743
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract. Diagnosis of soil salinity and its spatial variability is required to establish control measures in irrigated agriculture. This article shows the usefulness of electromagnetic (EM) and soil sampling techniques to map salinity. We analysed the salinity of a 1-ha plot of surface-irrigated olive plantation in Aragon, NE Spain, by measuring the electrical conductivity of the saturation extract (ECe) of soil samples taken at 22 points, and by reading the Geonics EM38 sensor at 141 points in the horizontal (EMH) and vertical (EMV) dipole positions. EMH and EMV values had asymmetrical bimodal distributions, with most readings in the non-saline range and a sharp transition to relatively high readings. Most salinity profiles were uniform (i.e. EMH=EMV), except in areas with high salinity and concurrent shallow water tables, where the profiles were inverted as shown by EMH 〉 EMV, and by ECe being greater in shallow than in deeper layers. The regressions of ECe on EM readings predicted ECe with R2 〉 84% for the 0–100 to 0–150 cm soil depths. We then produced salinity contour maps from the 141 ECe values estimated from the electromagnetic readings and the 22 measured values of ECe. Owing to the high soil sampling density, the maps were similar (i.e. mean surface-weighted ECe values between 3.9 dS m−1 and 4.2 dS m−1), although the electromagnetically estimated ECe improved the mapping of details. Whereas soil sampling is preferred for analysing the vertical distribution of soil salinity, the electromagnetic sensor is ideal for mapping the lateral variability of soil salinity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: A simple procedure to evaluate relative resistance and tolerance of tomato cultivars to the begomoviruses causing tomato yellow leaf curl (TYLC) disease in Spain was developed. To estimate the resistance and tolerance levels of a cultivar, several formulae were developed based on the ratio of infected plants, virus titre (estimated by tissue–print hybridization) and symptom intensity. The formulae were applied to five commercial tomato cultivars (Amoretto, Birloque, Royesta, Tovigreen and Ulises) naturally infected by TYLC viruses. The analyses showed that Ulises, Birloque and Tovigreen exhibited a moderate resistance, and Ulises was also highly tolerant. There was a positive correlation between symptom intensity and virus titre in infected plants, suggesting that the hybridization technique could also be used as an early estimator of tolerance. Finally, molecular hybridization and nucleotide sequence analyses of the begomovirus intergenic region showed that the local TYLC virus population consisted of a single species, Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV, formerly TYLCV-Israel), with low genetic variation (nucleotide identity between isolates higher than 97%).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 76 (1994), S. 359-362 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The photovoltaic activity of electrodeposited CuInSe2 thin films in an aqueous acidic solution has been determined by photoelectrochemical measurements. We used the model of Gärtner to extract values of effective optoelectronic parameters of the CuInSe2 films. These values suggest the presence of a high density of bulk or surface defects in the electrodeposited layers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 71 (1992), S. 5479-5483 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The electrical properties of as-grown and heat-treated copper indium diselenide (CuInSe2) thin films electrochemically deposited were measured in the temperature range 30 to about 300 K. In general the films showed variable range hopping conduction mechanism, i.e., σ= (σ0 T−1/2) exp[ − (T0/T)1/4] with T0 between 4 × 102 and 6 × 103 K, at the lowest temperatures, and thermally activated conductivity, i.e., σ = σ0 exp( − Ea/kT) with Ea between 240 and 80 meV, over the temperature range close to the room temperature. The activation energy, Ea, decreased and the conductivity, σ, increased with the annealing treatment. The data of these annealed films are in agreement with the Meyer–Neldel rule. Grain boundary trapping models were considered in the analysis of the results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 69 (1991), S. 429-432 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Optical absorption coefficients of electrodeposited CuInSe2 thin films were determined from the measured transmittance and reflectance at normal incidence of light in the wavelength range 400 to 2000 nm. As-deposited CuInSe2 is found to be a direct-gap semiconductor with an allowed direct transition whose gap energy is Ega= 0.96 eV and a forbidden direct transition whose gap energy is Egf= 1.38 eV. After heat treatment of the films at 400 °C, a decrease in the optical absorption was observed at energies below 1.1 eV. Heat-treated films showed an allowed direct transition with E'ga=1.00 eV, close to the value for as-deposited samples, but in this last case the forbidden direct transition was not observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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