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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heavy metals in Oka river sediments (Urdaibai National Biosphere Reserve, northern Spain): lithogenic and anthropogenic effects (1999)
    Springer
    Environmental geology 37 (1999), S. 54-63 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0495
    Keywords: Key words Oka River ; Spain ; Sediments ; Heavy metals ; Geochemical fractionation ; Lithogenic effects ; Anthropogenic inputs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract  The Oka River basin is located in the Urdaibai National Biosphere Reserve, North Spain. In order to obtain a preliminary view of its environmental conditions, nitric acid extractable Fe, Mn, Zn, Pb, Cu, Cr, Ni and Co, organic matter content (L.O.I.), geochemical fractionation of heavy metals and mineralogical composition were analysed in surficial sediments (fraction 〈63 μm) collected in October 1991. Relatively high concentrations of metals occurred in a sampling site upstream, due to a local natural enrichment controlled by weathering of volcanic rocks. Geochemical fractionation confirmed the lithogenic origin of metals, which were mainly associated to the detrital phase. The significant increase of heavy metals found in some samples collected in the municipal area of Gernika suggested a pollution effect, related to anthropogenic wastes. Large amounts of metallic slags have been found mixed with the sediments upstream from this locality. Nevertheless, in view of their composition, it is unlikely that these slags constitute a significant source of heavy metals in the studied area. In a second sampling in October 1997 an apparent decreasing trend in some heavy metal levels was noted, particularly for Pb and Cu. Nowadays, enrichment factors relative to background values confirm moderate anthropogenic influence on Zn, Pb, Cu, Cr and Ni concentrations. However, heavy metal levels in the Oka river sediments are much lower than those detected in other major rivers of the Basque Country (Nervión, Urumea, Deba).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002540050360
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A contribution to the ore genesis of the magnesite deposit of Eugui, Navarra (Spain) (1987)
    Springer
    Mineralium deposita 22 (1987), S. 33-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1866
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract In the area of the magnesite deposits of Eugui (Navarra, Spain) studies on illite crystallinity, the degree of graphitization of carbonaceous material, measurements of vitrinite reflectivity, and fluid inclusions have been carried out on dolomites, magnesites, schists, and carbonaceous matter. These rocks have suffered metamorphism of very low to low grade. The magnesite appears generally concordant with the Namurian dolomitic rocks showing a typically banded structure. The genetic model proposed involves an early Mg concentration during sedimentation (syndiagenetic dolomitization), lateral circulation of saline solutions, and formation of diagenetically crystallized rhythmites (DCR), and final compaction. The formation of magnesite took place under the conditions of low pressure and temperatures close to 150°C, very similar to all strata-bound ore deposits. Deformation and regional metamorphism only caused minor removal, recrystallization, and transformation of the clay minerals and carbonaceous matter.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00204241
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reply to the discussion of M. Chayé d'Albissin et al. on the paper by F. Valesco et al.: A contribution to the ore genesis of the magnesite deposit of Eugui, Navarra (Spain) (1988)
    Springer
    Mineralium deposita 23 (1988), S. 310-312 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1866
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00206414
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lead isotope study of Zn-Pb ore deposits associated with the Basque-Cantabrian basin and Paleozoic basement, Northern Spain (1996)
    Springer
    Mineralium deposita 31 (1996), S. 84-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1866
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract A total of forty-three galena samples from syngenetic and epigenetic Pb-Zn mineralizations emplaced in the Lower Cretaceous Basque-Cantabrian basin and Paleozoic basement of the Cinco Villas massif in the western Pyrenees, have been analyzed for Pb-isotopic composition. Galena from sedex mineralizations hosted in Carboniferous clastic rocks in the Cinco Villas massif display an homogeneous lead isotopic signature (206Pb/2044Pb ≈ 18.43, 207Pb/204Pb ≈ 15.66, 208Pb/ 204Pb ≈ 38.69) suggesting a single lead reservoir. These values are slightly more radiogenic than lead from other European Hercynian deposits, possibly reflecting the influence of a more evolved upper crustal source. Underlying Paleozoic sediments are proposed as lead source for the Cinco Villas massif ores. Analyses from twenty-six galena samples from the four strata-bound ore districts hosted in Mesozoic rocks reveal the existence of two populations regarding their lead isotopic composition. Galena from the western Santander districts (e.g., Reocin) is characterized by more radiogenic isotope values (206Pb/204Pb ≈ 18.74, 207Pb/204Pb ≈ 15.67, 208Pb/ 204Pb ≈ 38.73) than those from the central and eastern districts (Troya-Legorreta, Central and Western Vizcaya, 206Pb/204Pb ≈ 18.59, 207Pb/204Pb ≈ 15.66, 208Pb/ 204Pb ≈ 38.73). In all districts, the most likely source for these mineralizations was the thick sequence of Lower Cretaceous clastic sediments. The existence of two separate lead isotopic populations could be the result of regional difference in the composition of the basement rocks and the clastic sediments derived of it or different evolution histories. In both sub-basins, isotopic ratios indicate an increase in crustal influence as the age of the ores decreases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00225398
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new sulphur isotopic study of some Iberian Pyrite Belt deposits: evidence of a textural control on sulphur isotope composition (1998)
    Springer
    Mineralium deposita 34 (1998), S. 4-18 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1866
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The sulphide deposits of the Iberian Pyrite Belt (IPB) represent an ore province of global importance. Our study presents 113 new sulphur isotope analyses from deposits selected to represent the textural spectrum of ores. Measured 34S values range from −26 to +10‰ mostly for massive and stockwork ores, in agreement with data previously published. In situ laser 34S analyses reveals a close correlation of 34S with texture. Primary diagenetic textures are dominated by relatively low 34S (−8‰ to −2‰), whereas stockwork feeder textures are dominated by higher 34S (∼+3‰ to +5‰). Intermediate textures (mainly coarse textures in stratiform zones) have intermediate 34S, although they are mostly dominated by the high 34S component. Rare barite has a homogeneous 34S around +18‰, which is consistent with direct derivation from Lower Carboniferous seawater sulphate. A dual source of sulphide sulphur in the IPB deposits has been considered. A hydrothermal source, derived from reduction of coeval seawater sulphate in the convective systems, is represented by sulphide in the feeder zones. Here variations in 34S are caused by variations in the extent of the sulphate reduction, which governs the SO4:H2S ratio. The second end-member was derived from the bacterial reduction of coeval seawater sulphate at or near the surface, as reflected in the primary textures. A distinct geographical variation in 34S and texture from SW (more bacteriogenic and primary textures) to NE (more hydrothermal textures and 34S) which reflects a variation in the relative input of each source was likely controlled by local geological environments. Given that the sulphur isotope characteristics of the IPB deposits are unlike most VMS and Kuroko deposits, and noting the dominance of a mixed reduced sedimentary and volcanic environment, we suggest that the IPB could represent an ore style which is intermediate between volcanic and sedimentary hosted massive sulphide types.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001260050182
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Signatures of lipid assemblages in soils under continental Mediterranean forests (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    European journal of soil science 47 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2389
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The analysis of free lipids in 12 soils from three representative types of Mediterranean forest has been carried out in an attempt to describe diagnostic molecules reflecting differences between the ecosystems and the intensity of the soil organic matter turnover. The study centred on the analysis by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry of the soil compounds extracted with petroleum ether from soils in central Spain, developed under monospecific formations of stone pine (Pinus pined), evergreen oak (Quercus rotundifolia) and Spanish juniper (Juniperus thurifera), the lipid extracts from their leaves also being analysed as reference material.The comparison between the distribution patterns of alkanes and fatty acids in plant lipids and the corresponding soil lipids was used to assess the extent to which the former accumulate in soil or are substituted by other biogenic or diagenetic homologues. In general, the alkane patterns showed the greatest variation in soils under oak, and the differences between lipid patterns in plant and soil were greatest in the juniper forests. As indicators of the vegetation type, the soil fatty acids had little value.Up to 60 major cyclic compounds were identified, including mainly di- and sesquiterpenes, in addition to some monoterpenes and nonterpenic naphthalenes and decalins. Of these major constituents, 33 compounds were found in soil but were not present in plant extracts, and 18 compounds were identified in plants but were not in the soils. The results suggest an arrangement of the soil samples based on the composition of the signature lipid assemblages.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2389.1996.tb01389.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of blocking In/Ga electrodes for conductivity measurements
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Solid State Ionics 37 (1990), S. 295-298 
    Details
    ISSN: 0167-2738
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0167-2738(90)90190-3
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lithium ion conducting solid solutions in the system Li"2OGa"2O"3SiO"2
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Solid State Ionics 34 (1989), S. 149-155 
    Details
    ISSN: 0167-2738
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0167-2738(89)90032-5
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sinterability of Y2O3-Al2O3 particulate stainless steel matrix composites (1996)
    Springer
    Applied composite materials 3 (1996), S. 15-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4897
    Keywords: reinforced stainless steels ; borides ; sinterability ; dilatometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract P/M 316L austenitic stainless steel has been reinforced with yttria and alumina particles. In order to improve the sintering behaviour of these composite materials, chromium diboride and boron nitride were added. The sinterability of the different materials has been characterised through dilatometry and sintering curves (sintered density vs. sintering temperature). A metallographic study by SEM coupled with microprobe has also been performed. Composites materials present a good densification. Chromium diboride and boron nitride react with the matrix in different manners, but they both greatly improve the sinterability of reinforced materials. The optimum sintering temperature for these composites materials is 1250 °C.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00133322
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The arditurri Pb-Zn-F-Ba deposit (Cinco Villas massif, Basque Pyrenees): A deformed and metamorphosed stratiform deposit (1989)
    Springer
    Mineralium deposita 24 (1989), S. 199-209 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1866
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Stratiform banded and massive Pb-Zn-F-Ba mineralizations in metasediments of the Westphalian Cinco Villas formation (Basque Pyrenees) show several features related to Hercynian deformation and low-grade regional metamorphism. However, some primary depositional textures and structures are preserved. Minerals like pyrite reveal preregional metamorphic textures (framboidal-colloform pyrite with automorphic overgrowths, dendritic and atoll textures), typical of rapid precipitation from supersaturated solutions during hydrothermal-sedimentary activity. Deformation and subsequent micro- and mesoscale remobilization have caused morphological and textural changes in the mineralizations producing folding, mineral foliation, transposition, boudinages, piercements, etc., as well as the development of veinlike orebodies. Pyrite shows a general tendency toward cataclasis whereas sphalerite, galena, and chalcopyrite exhibit a variety of microstructures (subgrains, twining, recrystallization, etc.) indicative of ductile deformation. Microscopy suggests the deformation of more plastic sulfide occurred mainly by a dislocation-type mechanism at low temperatures (350°C), which are compatible with the regional metamorphism recorded in the host rocks.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00206443
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