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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 92 (1990), S. 2208-2213 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Both NO and CO preferentially chemisorb on step sites of the Pt(112) crystal orienting the intermolecular bond in the downstairs direction. Using the digital electron stimulated desorption-ion angular distribution method (ESDIAD), an elliptical angular distribution of the desorbing O+ ions was detected from the NO/Pt(112) system, with the longer axis of the ellipse normal to the step-edge direction. On the other hand, the O+ ESDIAD pattern from the CO/Pt(112) system shows an approximately cylindrical symmetric shape. Heating of the crystal leads to broadening of the ion desorption patterns in both cases without change in the patterns' elliptical or circular cross-sectional geometry. These results are interpreted as being due to ion desorption from NO molecules bonded to two Pt atoms on the step edge and vibrating with a longer amplitude in the direction perpendicular to the step. In the case of CO, bonded to a single Pt atom, the amplitude of vibration is approximately the same in directions parallel and perpendicular to the step edge. Thus, in certain cases ESDIAD patterns may be used to determine the hybridization state of adsorbates.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 91 (1989), S. 7245-7254 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The structure of chemisorbed CO on the steps of Pt(112) {Pt[3(111)×(001)]} was monitored as a function of coverage by the digital electron stimulated desorption-ion angular distribution method (ESDIAD), digital low-energy electron diffraction (LEED), and temperature-programmed desorption (TPD). The ESDIAD method applied to the desorption of an electronically excited, neutral CO species (the metastable a3 π-CO state) avoids the influence of image potential effects on the trajectory of desorbing species, yielding true desorption angles, equivalent to Pt-CO bond orientations. CO adsorbs exclusively on step sites at low coverage with a 20° "downstairs'' tilt from the [112] direction (designated "0°''). LEED indicates (2×n) order (i.e., two-fold order along the steps but no order up/down the steps) exists when the steps are half-filled (about 0.19 ML). At 0.24 ML, CO is still adsorbed only on the step sites but one-dimensional CO–CO repulsions between nearest neighbors result in CO tilting along the steps. Terrace CO (+13°) adsorption is observed above 0.24 ML before all the step sites fill. All step CO molecules reorient with new tilt angles up (0°) and down (−38°) the steps when the steps sites saturate (0.53 ML), and (3×1) order is observed by LEED. The surface reorders at saturation (0.79 ML) to (2×1) order. Changes in CO desorption energies, pre-exponential factors and sticking coefficients with coverage in the literature for Pt[n(111)×(001)] surfaces can be directly correlated with structural transformations on the partially filled steps due to CO–CO repulsions.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 91 (1989), S. 7255-7264 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The relative shape of the hindered translation potential energy well for CO chemisorbed on the step sites of a Pt(112) single crystal was determined with digital electron stimulated desorption–ion angular distribution (ESDIAD). The angular displacement of the CO molecule in its hindered translation well predominately determines the half-width at half-maximum (HWHM) of the neutral a3π CO species (CO*) produced by ESD, a species which may be imaged in an ESDIAD apparatus. Variations in the CO* ESDIAD HWHM as a function of temperature are due to population of higher levels of the hindered translational mode. By monitoring the CO* ESDIAD HWHM for CO coverages on the step below 50% step saturation (0.17 monolayer) as a function of temperature, we show that the steepness of the hindered translation potential well is different for CO vibrations up, down, and along the step edge, following the trend: down the steps〉up the steps〉along the steps. There is no coverage dependence in the CO* ESDIAD HWHM values up or down the steps, but the HWHM values along the steps at 0.17 monolayer CO are significantly broader than those from lower coverages in the temperature range of 150–350 K. We interpret this to indicate the production of transient structures of tilted CO on adjacent step sites formed from preferential diffusion of CO molecules laterally on the step sites. Thus, the experiments probe directly the anisotropy of lateral diffusion of the adsorbate on step sites.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 58 (1987), S. 509-515 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Torsatron and stellarator plasma confinement devices rely on magnetic surface mapping to determine the critical vacuum magnetic field structure. A recently developed method employing an emissive filament offers some advantages over the traditional technique of mapping with a directed electron beam. On the Auburn torsatron a comparative study between the emissive filament and directed electron beam techniques has been conducted. The parameters varied in the comparative study are filament geometry, emission current, bias voltage, background gas pressure, and magnetic field strength. This comparative study indicates that the emissive filament technique is reliable over a broad and easily accessible range of parameters. We have also measured the spatial distribution of electrons on a given magnetic surface. As an application of the emissive filament technique, the optimization of the magnetic surfaces on the Auburn torsatron is shown.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 59 (1988), S. 460-466 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: In stellarator-type magnetic confinement devices (of which the torsatron is one), the magnetic field is produced entirely by external, current-carrying coils. Two methods for mapping magnetic surfaces in the Auburn torsatron were tested and compared, both of which involve the use of highly transparent screens. The first method consists of coating the screen with a phosphor that emits light when struck by electrons emitted by an electron gun. A pattern representative of a magnetic surface is formed on the screen, and this pattern is recorded photographically. The second method uses an uncoated screen to collect electrons emitted from an emissive probe, which is scanned over a poloidal cross section of the torus. Under certain conditions, the collected current is a constant over a particular magnetic surface so that a contour plot of the current versus position is equivalent to a plot of the magnetic surfaces. Parametric studies of the two methods are presented, and the effectiveness of each technique is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In the Tokamak à Configuration Variable (TCV), the central electron temperature obtained in discharges with counter (CNTR) electron cyclotron current drive (ECCD) is larger than with CO-ECCD or electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) alone. Comparison of experimental results with calculations by the transport code PRETOR [IAEA Technical Conference on Advances in Simulation and Models of Thermonuclear Plasmas. Montreal 142 (International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna 1992)] indicates that sawtooth stabilization is responsible for the increased confinement time and the attendant twofold enhancement of the central temperature. Sawtooth stabilization is caused in turn by the central safety factor q0 rising above 1 for CNTR-ECCD; by contrast, the simulation results show that q0〈1 in the sawtoothing CO-ECCD and ECRH cases. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Fully noninductive, steady-state electron cyclotron current drive (ECCD) has been demonstrated for the first time in experiments carried out in the tokamak à configuration variable (TCV) [O. Sauter et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 3322 (2000)]. By appropriately distributing six 0.45 MW ECCD sources over the discharge cross section, fully noninductive, stable, and stationary plasmas with Ip up to 210 kA were obtained for the full discharge duration of 1.9 s, corresponding to more than 900 energy confinement times and more than 10 current redistribution times at an average current drive efficiency η20CD=0.01[1020 A W−1 m−2]. These experiments have also demonstrated for the first time the steady recharging of the ohmic transformer using ECCD only. The effect of localized off-axis electron cyclotron heating (ECH) and EC current drive (ECCD) (co- and counter-) is investigated showing that locally driven currents amounting to only 1% of Ip significantly alter sawtooth periods and crash amplitudes. An improved quasi-stationary core confinement regime, with little or no sawtooth activity, has been obtained by a combination of off-axis ECH and on-axis CNTR–ECCD. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 93 (1989), S. 7191-7194 
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 89 (1985), S. 1417-1423 
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 90 (1986), S. 4607-4611 
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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