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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 10 (1972), S. 14-22 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Somatotrophin ; Bone ; Hormone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé 1. Des chiens sont traités pendant trois mois avec de l'hormone de croissance dans des conditions définies; l'efficacité de l'absorption du calcium alimentaire est mesurée par administration de47Ca et45Ca. L'ampleur du réservoir de calcium. l'ensemble des échanges, l'apposition du minéral osseux et l'excrétion fécale calcique endogène sont mesurés à l'aide du45Ca I.V. Des examens identiques sont réalisés pour chaque animal après une période de mise en équilibre de cinq mosi, ainsi qu'après une période de trois mois d'administration d'hormone de croissance. 2. L'efficacité de l'absorption du calcium alimentaire augmente, alors que l'excrétion fécale du calcium endogène diminue après administration d'hormone de croissance. Le calcium urinaire décroit légèrement. Bien que des bilans précis n'aient pas été effectués, ces changements indiquent que la balance du calcium, sous l'effet du traitement, devient positive. 3. L'hormone de croissance n'as pas d'effet sur le réservoir de calcium échangeable, mais elle augmente l'incorporation minérale dans l'os de 21–41%. Le retour du calcium osseux est réduit, en rapport avec l'équilibre positif, mais dans des proportions non mesurables. 4. Des mesures parallèles, cinétiques et morphométriques des échanges squelettiques, réalisées sur des coupes adjacentes d'os longs, révèlent une corrélation positive nette entre les résultats obtenus selon les deux méthodes, avec des estimations cinétiques, tendant à être légèrement supérieures aux résultats morphométriques, principalement en cas de remaniements osseux modérés.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung 1. Hunde wurden unter kontrollierten Bedingungen während drei Monaten mit Wachstumshormon behandelt. Die Aufnahmefähigkeit von Calcium aus der Nahrung wurde mittels Verabreichung von47Ca und45Ca gemessen. Die Calciumpool-Größe, der Pool-Umsatz, die Zunahme an knochenmineral und die endogene fäkale Calciumausscheidung wurden mit intravenösem45Ca-Tracer gemessen. Am Ende einer fünfmonatigen Equilibrierungsperiode und am Ende der dreimonatigen Periode der Wachstumshormon-Verabreichung wurden in jedem Tier dieselben Untersuchungen ausgeführt. 2. Die Aufnahmefähigkeit von Calcium aus der Nahrung stieg nach der Wachstumshormonverabreichung an, die endogene fäkale Calciumausscheidung sank. Das Urincalcium verminderte sich leicht. Obwohl keine direkten Bilanzen bestimmt wurden, deuten diese Veränderungen auf eine positive Calciumbilanz-Verschiebung im Zusammenhang mit der Behandlung hin. 3. Das Wachstumshormon hatte keine Wirkung auf die Größe des austauschbaren Calciumpools, erhöhte jedoch die Mineraleinlagerung in den Knochen um 21–41%. Die Calciumresorption aus dem Knochen war erniedrigt, was mit der positiven Bilanzverschiebung vereinbar ist. Die Verminderung läßt sich jedoch nicht messen. 4. Parallele kinetische und morphometrische Messungen des Skeletumsatzes, welche an angrenzenden Röhrenknochenschnitten gemacht wurden, deuteten auf eine bestehende positive Korrelation zwischen Bewertungen, welche aus beiden Methoden abgeleitet wurden. Die kinetischen Bewertungen waren eher etwas höher als die morphometrischen, besonders in Fällen von niedriger Skeletneubildung.
    Notes: Abstract 1. Dogs were treated with growth hormone for three months under controlled conditions, dietary calcium absorption efficiency was measured by administration of47Ca and45Ca, and calcium pool size, pool turnover, bone mineral accretion, and endogenous fecal calcium excretion were measured using the I.V.45Ca tracer. Identical studies were performed in each animal, at the end of a five-month equilibration period, and at the end of the three-month period of growth hormone administration. 2. Dietary calcium absorption efficiency increased and endogenous fecal calcium excretion decreased as a result of growth hormone administration. Urine calcium fell slightly. Although direct balances were not determined, these changes indicate a positive calcium balance shift in association with treatment. 3. Growth hormone had no effect on the size of the miscible calcium pool, but increased mineral incorporation into bone by 21–41%. Return of calcium from bone was reduced, consistent with the positive balance shift, but to an unmeasured extent. 4. Parallel kinetic and morphometric measurement of skeletal turnover performed on adjacent long bone sections indicated a consistent positive correlation between estimates derived by the two methods, with kinetic estimates tending to be slightly higher than the morphometric, particularly at low levels of skeletal remodeling.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Nutrition 13 (1993), S. 287-316 
    ISSN: 0199-9885
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Densitometry ; Fracture ; Osteoporosis ; Risk factors ; Ultrasound
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The Saunders County Bone Quality Study was designed to determine the feasibility of ultrasonic bone measurement, at the patella, as a predictor of low-trauma fractures in a runal population-based study. At the first visit of this 4-year longitudinal study, anthropometric and clinical measurements and medical, surgical, and fracture histories were obtained for the 1428 participants (899 women and 529 men). Explored risk factors for low-trauma fractures included age, sex, calcium intake, alcohol and caffeine ingestion, tobacco use, body mass and grip strength, age of menopause, estrogen replacement therapy, propensity to fall, distal radius and ulna bone mineral content, and bone density. Forward multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that lower ultrasound values are more consistently associated with reported low-trauma appendicular fractures than the commonly reported forearm absorptiometry measures of radius mineral content and density. When ultrasound, age, and the extra skeletal risk factors were included in an additional multivariate model, only age and ultrasound were significantly associated with appendicular fracture history in women (P=0.0003), whereas only ultrasound was associated in the men (P=0.001). We conclude that ultrasound is a better measure of association with reported low-trauma fractures than the commonly reported forearm SPA measures. Even after adjustment for many of the extra skeletal risk factors, low AVU is highly associated with low-trauma fracture status for both women and men.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone mass ; Vitamin D receptor ; Body size ; VDR gene polymorphism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We determined vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene alleles (based on the BsmI restriction site polymorphism), duodenal mucosal receptor density, bone mass at spine and total body, and body size in 32 healthy premenopausal females. While we found no relationship between allele and receptor density in duodenal mucosa, bone mineral content (BMC) at both spine and total body was significantly associated with VDR gene alleles. BMC was highest for the bb allele, lowest for BB, and intermediate for Bb. A similar association was noted between allele and body size variables, particularly weight. When BMC was adjusted for body weight, the association with VDR polymorphism disappeared. The VDR gene polymorphism may be affecting bone mass not through classical nutritional mechanisms (e.g., intestinal calcium absorption), but through an influence on body size.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 22 (1977), S. 85-98 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone formation ; Phosphate ; Osteogenesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The effect of phosphate supplementation on bone remodeling was assessed in six mature, healthy beagle dogs. The phosphate supplement was given in divided doses orally, daily for 12 weeks in the form of a neutral potassium phosphate preparation. The dose averaged 108 mg P/kg per day, which is double the normal canine phosphorus intake. Bone remodeling was assessed by measurement, at sacrifice, of areas of cortical bone containing different colorcoded tetracyclines which had been continuously administered during 12-week control and treatment periods; remodeling was assessed kinetically during the control and treatment periods by replicate studies employing47Ca intravenously. Both techniques demonstrated that the principal effect of phosphate supplementation was a significant stimulation of bone formation. Within cortical bone, formation was doubled, from an average of 2.7% to 5.3% per year. The major location of new bone deposits was endosteal. Whole skeletal mineral accretion, measured kinetically, increased 45% above an average control value of 0.154 g/day. These studies suggest that, in the adult dog, “normal” plasma phosphate levels are suboptimal for new bone formation. Even with this short duration of administration, phosphate produced microscopic calcification of the renal parenchyma. However, there was no biochemical evidence of renal functional impairment.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Somatotrophin ; Bone ; Hormone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Chez des chiens adultes, des deux sexes, l'injection d'hormone de croissance induit une augmentation marquée d'os nouvellment formé. L'effet sur la résorption n'a pu être définie quantitativement, mais la résorption au niveaude de l'endoste est augmentée. Il en est de même de la résorption intracorticale, mais la porosité intracorticale n'augmente que légèrement. En plus de la décroissance de la résorption de l'endoste, on observe du même côté une nette augmentation de la formation osseuse. Cette apposition osseuse ajoutée à la formation d'os périosté donne uneaugmentation de la masse squelettique. L'os formé est histologiquement et microradiographiquement normal. Malgré une nette augmentation de la formation osseuse, les valeurs de la phosphatase alcaline restent inchangées.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Exogenes Wachstumshormon rief bei intakten ausgewachsenen Hunden beiden Geschlechts eine starke Zunahme der Knochenbildung hervor. Die resultierende Wirkung auf die Resorption konnte quantitativ nicht festgestellt werden, jedoch war die endostale Resorption vermindert. Die intracorticale Resorption war erhöht, aber die intracorticale Porosität stieg nur wenig an. Neben der Verminderung der endostalen Resorption war reichliche endostale Knochenneubildung festzustellen. Dieser Anstieg der endostalen Knochenneubildung plus die starke Anregung der periostalen Knochenneubildung führten zu einertatsächlichen Zunahme der Skelettmasse. Der gebildete Knochen war histologisch und mikroradiographisch normal. Trotz der starken Zunahme der Knochenneubildung blieben die Werte der alkalischen Phosphatase unverändert.
    Notes: Abstract In intact adult dogs of both sexes exogenous growth hormone induced a marked increase in new bone formation. The net effect on resorption could not be defined quantitatively but endosteal resorption was decreased. Intracortical resorption was increased but intracortical porosity rose only slightly. In addition to the decrease in endosteal resorption, there was abundant endosteal new bone formation. This rise in endosteal new bone formation plus the marked stimulus to periosteal new bone formation led to anet increase in skeletal mass. The bone formed was normal histologically and microradiographically. Despite a marked rise in new bone formation, alkaline phosphatase values remained unchanged.
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  • 7
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    Unknown
    Elsevier
    In:  The Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine , 64 (1). pp. 29-41.
    Publication Date: 2022-01-06
    Description: Fecal excretion of calcium of endogenous origin has been measured in 52 studies in 33 adult human subjects, under full metabolic balance conditions. Endogenous fecal calcium averaged .130 ± .047 Gm. per day, was positively correlated with both fecal calcium and dietary calcium and was inversely correlated with fractional calcium absorption. The regression line relating endogenous fecal calcium with fractional absorption allowed estimates for total intestinal calcium secretion at both zero and 100 per cent absorption; from these estimates it was calculated that approximately 15 per cent of the total intestinal calcium secretion was nonabsorbable even under conditions when dietary calcium was completely absorbed (presumably because it enters the gut caudad of the absorption sites). Total intestinal calcium secretion, calculated so as to allow for this nonabsorbable fraction, averaged .194 ± .073 Gm. per day, and could not be correlated with age, sex, dietary calcium intake, caloric intake, urine calcium, or plasma calcium. A weak correlation with body size (weight, surface area) was observed. The conditions studied were principally disorders of bone, calcium, and parathyroid metabolism, and in most of them total intestinal calcium secretion appeared identical. The sole exception was seen in two studies on a patient with acromegaly, in which total intestinal calcium secretion was over twice the mean value for the remainder of the group.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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