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1

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Effect of phosphate rock, lime and cellulose on soil microbial biomass in acidic forest soil and its significance in carbon cycling (1997)

He, Z. L. ; Baligar, V. C. ; Martens, D. C. ; [et al.]

Springer

Biology and fertility of soils 24 (1997), S. 329-334

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ISSN: 1432-0789

Keywords: Key words Acidic forest soil ; Phosphorus ; Coal combustion by-product ; Carbon cycling ; Cellulose ; Microbial biomass ; Liming

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Abstract Phosphate rock (PR), limestone, coal combustion by-product (CCBP) high in Ca and high organic manures are potential amendments for increasing agricultural production in the acidic soils of the Appalachian region. The objective of this study was to examine effects of PR, CCBP and cellulose addition on soil microbial biomass in an acidic soil based on the measurement of soil microbial biomass P (P mic) and on the mineralization of organic matter. Application of PR alone or in combination with CCBP increased P mic. The P mic was far less when the soil received PR in combination with limestone than with PR application alone or PR in combination with CCBP. Either CCBP or limestone application alone considerably decreased P mic in the soil due to reduced P solubility. Cellulose addition alone did not increase P mic, but P mic was significantly increased when the soil was amended with cellulose in combination with PR. The decomposition of added cellulose was very slow in the soil without PR amendment. However, mineralization of both native organic matter and added cellulose was enhanced by PR application. Mineralization of organic matter was less when the soil was amended with PR in combination with high rates of CCBP (〉 2.5%) because PR dissolution varied inversely with amount of CCBP addition. Overall, CCBP had no detrimental effect on soil microbial biomass at low application rates, although, like limestone, CCBP at a high rate may decrease P mic in P-deficient soils through its influence on increased soil pH and decreased P bioavailability in the soil. Application of PR to an acidic soil considerably enhanced the microbial activity, thereby promoting the cycling of carbon and other nutrients.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740050252

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2

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Seasonal responses in microbial biomass carbon, phosphorus and sulphur in soils under pasture (1997)

He, Z. L. ; Wu, J. ; O‘Donnell, A. G. ; [et al.]

Springer

Biology and fertility of soils 24 (1997), S. 421-428

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ISSN: 1432-0789

Keywords: Key words Seasonal responses ; Microbial biomass C ; Microbial biomass P ; Microbial biomass S ; Nutrient cycling ; Pasture

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Abstract The response of the soil microbial biomass to seasonal changes was investigated in the field under pastures. These studies showed that over a 9-month period, microbial biomass carbon, phosphorus and sulphur (biomass C, P, S), and their ratios (C:P, C:S, and P:S) responded differently to changes in soil moisture and to the input of fresh organic materials. From October to December (1993), when plant residues were largely incorporated into the soils, biomass C and S increased by 150–210%. Biomass P did not increase over this time, having decreased by 22–64% over the dry summer (July to September). There was no obvious correlation between biomass C, P, and S and air temperature. The largest amounts of biomass C and P (2100–2300μg and 150–190μgg–1 soil, respectively) were found in those soils receiving farmyard manure (FYM or FYM+NPK) and P fertilizer, whereas the use of ammonium sulphate decreased biomass C and P. The C:P, C:S, and P:S ratios of the biomass varied considerably (9–276:1; 50–149:1; and 0.3–14:1, respectively) with season and fertilizer regime. This reflected the potential for the biomass to release (when ratios were narrow) or to immobilize (wide ratios) P and S at different times of the year. Thus, seasonal responses in biomass C, P, and S are important in controlling the cycling of C, P, and S in pasture and ultimately in regulating plant availability of P and S. The uptake of P in the pasture was well correlated with the sum of P in the biomass and soil available pools. Thus, the simultaneous measurement of microbial biomass P and available P provide useful information on the potential plant availability of P.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740050267

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3

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Quantifying microbial biomass phosphorus in acid soils (2000)

Wu, J. ; He, Z.-L. ; Wei, W.-X. ; [et al.]

Springer

Biology and fertility of soils 32 (2000), S. 500-507

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ISSN: 1432-0789

Keywords: Keywords Fumigation-extraction techniques ; Microbial biomass P ; Acid soils

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Abstract This study aimed to validate the fumigation-extraction method for measuring microbial biomass P in acid soils. Extractions with the Olsen (0.5 M NaHCO3, pH 8.5) and Bray-1 (0.03 M NH4F–0.025 M HCl) extractants at two soil:solution ratios (1 : 20 and 1 : 4, w/v) were compared using eight acid soils (pH 3.6–5.9). The data indicated that the flushes (increases following CHCl3-fumigation) of total P (Pt) and inorganic P (Pi) determined by Olsen extraction provided little useful information for estimating the amount of microbial biomass P in the soils. Using the Bray-1 extractant at a soil:solution ratio of 1 : 4, and analysing Pi instead of Pt, improves the reproducibility (statistical significance and CV) of the P flush in these soils. In all the approaches studied, the Pi flush determined using the Bray-1 extractant at 1 : 4 provided the best estimate of soil microbial biomass P. Furthermore, the recovery of cultured bacterial and fungal biomass P added to the soils and extracted using the Bray-1 extractant at 1 : 4 was relatively constant (24.1–36.7% and 15.7–25.7%, respectively) with only one exception, and showed no relationship with soil pH, indicating that it behaved differently from added Pi (recovery decreased from 86% at pH 4.6 to 13% at pH 3.6). Thus, correcting for the incomplete recovery of biomass P using added Pi is inappropriate for acid soils. Although microbial biomass P in soil is generally estimated using the Pi flush and a conversion factor (k P) of 0.4, more reliable estimates require that k P values are best determined independently for each soil.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740000284

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4

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Transformation and bioavailability of specifically sorbed phosphate on variable-charge minerals in soils (1997)

He, Z. L. ; Zhu, J.

Springer

Biology and fertility of soils 25 (1997), S. 175-181

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ISSN: 1432-0789

Keywords: Key words Phosphorus ; Specifically sorbed ; Soils ; Transformation ; Microorganism

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Abstract Crop production on red soils in China is largely limited by the low availability of phosphorus, which is frequently attributed to the adsorption of phosphate by variable-charge minerals including Fe and Al oxides and kaolinite. Isotopic tracing analysis and soil incubation were carried out to investigate the desorption and microbial transformation of applied specifically sorbed P in two pH-contrasting light-textured soils. A rapid release of P from the added mineral-P surface complex in the two tested soils was observed. Most of the released P was recovered in a 0.5MNaHCO3 extract and in soil microbial biomass. Microbial biomass-32P was detected at early stages of incubation and reached up to 10–30% of the added 32P. Approximately 50–70% of the added complex 32P, varying between minerals and soils, was extractable in the 0.5MNaHCO3 at 75 days after incubation for the acid soil but up to 120 days for the neutral soil. Microbial biomass-P plus 0.5MNaHCO3-extractable 32P accounted for more than 60–80% of total added complex-32P, implying high desorption and transformation of the specifically sorbed P in the two soils. There was more inorganic 32P than organic 32P in the NaHCO3 extract, suggesting that chemical release of specifically sorbed P was dominant. Ligand exchange and chemical desorption due to a change in environmental conditions such as pH and ionic strength are likely the major mechanisms responsible for the chemical release of specifically sorbed 32P in the tested soils.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740050300

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5

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Distribution of phosphorus in soil aggregate fractions and its significance with regard to phosphorus transport in agricultural runoff (1995)

He, Z. L. ; Wilson, M. J. ; Campbell, C. O. ; [et al.]

Springer

Water, air & soil pollution 83 (1995), S. 69-84

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ISSN: 1573-2932

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering

Notes: Abstract Surface runoff is the major way of P transport from agricultural land to surface waters. To assess the potential of P loss in runoff in relation to soil P status, the chemical nature and distribution of soil P in different size classes of water-stable aggregates were quantified for two distinctive soil types. For both soils unfertilized areas under pasture and well-fertilized arable soils were sampled. The content of total P, organic P and microbial biomass P (Pmic) decreased in the aggregate size order 〈0.1, 1–2, and 0.1–1.0 mm respectively. In contrast available P (extracted by Bray I reagent) was lowest in the 〈0.1 mm aggregate size. Cultivation decreased the percentage of 1–2 mm aggregates but increased that of the 〈0.1 mm aggregates. Fertilization increased markedly both total P and organic P in the 〈0.1 mm fraction of arable soils compared to the corresponding samples from unfertilized grassland soils. During aggregate separation, most of P loss was in the form of particulate P and less than 1% in solution. More organic P and Pmic were lost from the grassland soils than from the arable soils.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00482594

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6

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Desorption and plant-availability of phosphate sorbed by some important minerals (1994)

He, Z. L. ; Yang, X. ; Yuan, K. N. ; [et al.]

Springer

Plant and soil 162 (1994), S. 89-97

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ISSN: 1573-5036

Keywords: desorption ; phosphorus ; rice ; variable-charge mineral

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Abstract Experiments were conducted to study the desorption characteristics and plant-availability of phosphate sorbed by some important variable-charge minerals including kaolinite, goethite and amorphous Al oxide. Phosphate desorption from the complexes of goethite-P, kaolinite-P and Al oxide-P by equilibration with 0.02M KCl, resin or some commonly used chemical extractants was slow compared to desorption from a permanent-charge mineral (montmorillonite). However, rice plants were not observed under P deficiency in a pot trial with a phosphate-mineral complex as the only P source for both the permanent-charge mineral and the variable-charge minerals at either 50% or 100% sorption saturation with the exception of goethite-P at 50% saturation. In the exceptional goethite-P treatment, plant P concentration (1.0 g kg−1) was on the threshold of P deficiency. From 15% to 31% of the applied P was recovered by the plants within a growing period of three months, depending on sorption saturation and mineral type. Both the dry matter yield and P uptake decreased with decreasing sorption saturation for all the tested complexes except for Al oxide-P100 (100% saturation). In the case of Al oxide-P100, Al toxicity may have occurred, for poor root growth and high Al concentration in the plants were observed. The effect of sorption saturation on the yield and P uptake of plant was obvious for kaolinite and goethite but not very significant for montmorillonite. Based on the recovery of applied P, the plant-availability decreased in the following order: kaolinite-P100 〉 goethite-P100 〉 Al oxide-P50 〉 montmorillonite-P100 〉 montmorillonite-P50 〉 kaolinite-P50 〉 goethite-P50. Fractionation of the sorbed P before and after plant uptake showed that most of the P uptake originated from the resin-exchangeable P fraction in montmorillonite-P complex, but came mainly from NaOH-extractable fractions in goethite-P complex, whereas all the resin-P, NaHCO3-P and NaOH-P fractions in kaolinite- and amorphous Al oxide-P complex made a contribution to P uptake.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01416093

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