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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitrogen uptake and growth of two citrus rootstock seedlings in a sandy soil receiving different controlled-release fertilizer sources (1998)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 26 (1998), S. 169-172 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Urea ; Coated fertilizers ; Ammonium ; nitrogen ; Nitrate nitrogen ; Nitrogen uptake
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Understanding the fate of different forms of nitrogen (N) fertilizers applied to soils is an important step in enhancing N use efficiency and minimizing N losses. The growth and N uptake of two citrus rootstocks, Swingle citrumelo (SC), and Cleopatra mandarin (CM), seedlings were evaluated in a pot experiment using a Candler fine sand (hyperthermic, uncoated, Typic Quartzipsamments) without N application or with 400 mg N kg–1 applied as urea or controlled-release fertilizers (CRF; either as Meister, Osmocote, or Poly-S). Meister and Osmocote are polyolefin resin-coated urea with longevity of N release for 270 days (at 25°C). Poly-S is a polymer and sulfur-coated urea with release duration considerably shorter than that of either Meister or Osmocote. The concentrations of 2 M KCl extractable nitrate nitrogen (NO3 –-N) and ammonium nitrogen (NH4 +-N) in the soil sampled 180 days and 300 days after planting were greater in the soil with SC than with CM rootstock seedlings. In most cases, the extractable NH4 + and NO3 – concentrations were greater for the Osmocote treatment compared to the other N sources. For the SC rootstock seedlings, dry weight was greater with Meister or Poly-S compared with either Osmocote or urea. At the end of the experiment, ranking of the various N sources, with respect to total N uptake by the seedlings, was: Meister = Osmocote 〉 Poly-S 〉 Urea 〉 no N for CM rootstock, and Meister = Poly-S = Osmocote 〉 Urea 〉 no N for SC rootstock. The study demonstrated that for a given rate of N application the total N uptake by seedlings was greater for the CRF compared to urea treatment. This suggests that various N losses were lower from the CRF source as compared to those from soluble fertilizers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740050363
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copper contamination of sandy soils and effects on young Hamlin orange trees (1993)
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 51 (1993), S. 857-864 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00198282
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of fungal-soil water interactions on phytophthora root rot of alfalfa (1985)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 1 (1985), S. 91-96 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Phytophthora megasperma ; Alfalfa ; Moisture regime ; Root rot
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Phytophthora root rot of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is a serious problem in wet soils. This disease is caused by Phytophthora megasperma f. sp. medicaginis. The influence of soil-water interactions with P. megasperma f. sp. medicaginis and other factors on the severity of phytophthora root rot of mature alfalfa plants (10–12 weeks) was studied in greenhouse experiments. Severe and reproducible root rot was produced by subsurface (3–4 cm) placement of mycelial suspension. Soil saturation 3 days prior to inoculation followed by alternating 3-day wet (soil saturation) and 4-day dry (surface watering once a day) moisture regimes (for 30–40 days following inoculation) resulted in severe root damage. The severity of root rot was greater when the inoculation was done at an ambient temperature of 20°C than at 15°C. Water quality (tap water or deionized distilled water) had no effect on severity of infection. The isolates PT 78-3 (Minnesota) and TN-2 (Maryland) were equally effective in terms of severity of damage. The impact of excess soil water stress (described above) alone on the shoot and root dry weight as well as on shoot symptoms was similar to that of root rot stress. However, root symptoms showed a marked difference. A close examination of root symptoms is highly recommended to differentiate clearly the plant injury due to root rot from that due to excess soil water stress.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00255135
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An evaluation of plant-available soil nitrogen in selected sandy soils by electro-ultrafiltration, KCl, and CaCl2 extraction methods (2000)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 30 (2000), S. 328-332 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Nitrate-N ; Ammonium-N ; Organic bound N ; N-extraction methods
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract  Improving the precision in estimating the nitrogen (N) requirement for citrus trees on sandy soils is important for increasing N efficiency by the trees and minimizing potential losses of N in commercial citrus production areas. In this study, representative Florida soils were sampled from major citrus production areas and the electro-ultrafiltration (EUF) technique was used to measure the concentrations of total EUF-extractable nitrogen (EUF-Nt), ammonium-N (EUF-NH4 +–N) and nitrate-N (EUF-NO3 ––N). Available organic N (Norg) was calculated as: EUF-Nt–(NH4 +–N+NO3 ––N). The N concentrations in the EUF extraction were greater than those by the KCl or CaCl2 method. The Norg fraction, estimated by the EUF method, varied from 4.4 to 40.8 mg kg–1 soil, equivalent to 10 to 91 kg N ha–1 (for the top 15 cm depth soil) and was positively correlated with the total soil N determined by the Kjeldahl method. The presence of appreciable amounts of Norg in these soils indicates that these soils contain high proportions of the total soil N in easily mineralizable Norg forms. This study demonstrates that the EUF-extractable organic bound N must be considered in developing N fertilizer recommendations for citrus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740050011
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of rainfall and soil moisture content in the soil profile under citrus tree canopy and at the dripline (1999)
    Springer
    Irrigation science 18 (1999), S. 109-115 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1319
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The plant canopy intercepts rain and thus can alter the distribution of water under the canopy as compared to that along the dripline. The effects of a citrus (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) tree (25-year-old, Valencia orange) canopy on the distribution of rainfall and soil moisture content within the soil profile either along the dripline (D) or under the canopy near the trunk (inner side; I), and midway between I and Dripline (M) were evaluated, on the east and west sides of trees planted along north-south rows. Results of eleven storm events in 1995 (mean of east and west sides) revealed that the amounts of precipitation at the D, M, and I positions were 97–140, 47–94, and 52–79% of the incident rainfall, respectively. Thus, canopy interception of incident rainfall was quite appreciable. The soil moisture content was greater along the dripline compared to that at the M and I positions, particularly in the deeper (≥60 cm) soil profile. The water flux was significantly greater at the dripline than under the canopy indicating a greater leaching potential of soil-applied fertilizers and other chemicals when placed along the dripline. A substantial reduction in the rainfall and water flux under the canopy as a result of canopy interception suggests that application of fertilizer and chemicals under the canopy could minimize leaching losses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002710050051
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sorption of bromacil, diuron, norflurazon, and simazine at various horizons in two soils (1990)
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 45 (1990), S. 365-374 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01701159
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transport of heavy metals and cations in a fly ash amended soil (1995)
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 55 (1995), S. 502-509 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00196028
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of Monitor Well Purging Technique on Selected Chemical Properties of Surficial Groundwater (1998)
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 60 (1998), S. 525-530 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001289900657
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Denitrification in the vadose zone and in surficial groundwater of a sandy entisol with citrus production (1999)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 208 (1999), S. 307-319 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: denitrification ; denitrifier ; dissolved organic carbon ; groundwater ; vadose zone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A portion of nitrate (NO 3 − ), a final breakdown product of nitrogen (N) fertilizers, applied to soils and/or that produced upon decomposition of organic residues in soils may leach into groundwater. Nitrate levels in water excess of 10 mg L−1 (NO3–N) are undesirable as per drinking water quality standards. Nitrate concentrations in surficial groundwater can vary substantially within an area of citrus grove which receives uniform N rate and irrigation management practice. Therefore, differences in localized conditions which can contribute to variations in gaseous loss of NO 3 − in the vadose zone and in the surficial aquifer can affect differential concentrations of NO3–N in the groundwater at different points of sampling. The denitrification capacity and potential in a shallow vadose zone soil and in surficial groundwater were studied in two large blocks of a citrus grove of ‘Valencia’ orange trees (Citrus sinensis (L.) Obs.) on Rough lemon rootstock ( Citrus jambhiri (L.)) under a uniform N rate and irrigation program. The NO3–N concentration in the surficial groundwater sampled from four monitoring wells (MW) within each block varied from 5.5- to 6.6-fold. Soil samples were collected from 0 to 30, 30 to 90, or 90 to 150 cm depths, and from the soil/groundwater interface (SGWI). Groundwater samples from the monitoring wells (MW) were collected prior to purging (stagnant water) and after purging five well volumes. Without the addition of either C or N, the denitrification capacity ranged from 0.5 to 1.53, and from 0.0 to 2.25 mg N2O–N kg−1 soil at the surface soil and at the soil/groundwater interface, respectively. The denitrification potential increased by 100-fold with the addition of 200 mg kg−1 each of N and C. The denitrification potential in the groundwater also followed a pattern similar to that for the soil samples. Denitrification potential in the soil or in the groundwater was greatest near the monitor well with shallow depth of vadose zone (MW3). Cumulative N2O–N emission (denitrification capacity) from the SGWI soil samples and from stagnant water samples strongly correlated to microbial most probable number (MPN) counts (r2 = 0.84 – 0.89), and dissolved organic C (DOC) (r2 = 0.96 – 0.97). Denitrification capacity of the SGWI samples moderately correlated to water-filled pore space (WFPS) (r2 = 0.52). However, extractable NO3-N content of the SGWI soil samples poorly (negative) correlated to denitrification capacity (r2 = 0.35). However, addition C, N or both to the soil or water samples resulted in significant increase in cumulative N2O emission. This study demonstrated that variation in denitrification capacity, as a result of differences in denitrifier population, and the amount of readily available carbon source significantly (at 95% probability level) influenced the variation in NO3–N concentrations in the surficial groundwater samples collected from different monitoring wells within an area with uniform N management.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004519913339
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Soil physical properties in relation to rice yield and water consumption under flooded and unflooded conditions (1979)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 52 (1979), S. 353-363 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Effective pressure ; Hydraulic conductivity ; Oedometer ; Paddy soil ; Puddling ; Rice ; Soil moisture retention curve ; Suction ; Void ratio ; Water use efficiency
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Four paddy soils from Thailand were included in this investigation. The soils are described as marine alluvial, fresh water alluvial, hydromorphic alluvial and hydromorphic non-calcareous brown soil. The hydraulic conductivity of water saturated soil was determined on puddled samples, and soil moisture retention curves were recorded for unpuddled samples. In a pot experiment rice variety RD-1 was grown on the soils under flooded and unflooded conditions. For the soils studied a negative relationship was found between the hydraulic conductivity and the ability of the soil to retain water against a given suction. The grain yield was higher under flooded conditions, while among the various soils studied in this experiment grain yield increased with decreasing water content in the suction range studied and increasing hydraulic conductivity of the soils. Better root development facilitated by more favourable physical conditions in highly permeable soils could be the possible reason for the yield increase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02185578
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