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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Detection of quantitative trait loci for agronomic, yield, grain and disease characters in spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) (1995)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 91 (1995), S. 1037-1047 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Barley ; QTLs ; Linkage ; Yield ; Markers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) have been revealed for characters in a segregating population from a spring barley cross between genotypes adapted to North-West Europe. Transgressive segregation was found for all the characters, which was confirmed by the regular detection of positive and negative QTLs from both parents. A QTL for all the agronomic, yield and grain characters measured except thousand grain weight was found in the region of the denso dwarfing gene locus. There were considerable differences between the location of QTLs found in the present study and those found in previous studies of North American germ plasm, revealing the diversity between the two gene pools. Thirty-one QTLs were detected in more than one environment for the 13 characters studied, although many more were detected in just one environment. Whilst biometrical analyses suggested the presence of epistasis in the genetic control of some characters, there was little evidence of interactions between the QTLs apart from those associated with yield. QTLs of large effect sometimes masked the presence of QTLs of smaller effect.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00223917
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The genetics of naked oats (Avena nuda L.) (1976)
    Springer
    Euphytica 25 (1976), S. 167-174 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Avena nuda ; oats ; naked grain ; multiflorous spikelets ; genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The inheritance of the character complex of naked grain and multiflorous spikelets was studied in a diallel set of crosses comprising five varieties of naked oats (Avena nuda)-As 78, Manu, Caesar, Nuprime and AJ86/2/1-and one variety of husked oats (A. sativa), Maris Oberon. In the F1 generation the distribution of multiflorous spikelets was in all cases similar to that of the mid-parent. Crosses between the varieties of A. nuda produced only naked grain on plants in the F1 and F2 generations, indicating that ‘nakedness’ in the varieties studied was determined by the same loci. The three-gene model proposed by Moule (1972) for the determination of A. nuda characters was inadequate to account for the observed F2 segregation in naked x husked crosses. An extension of this model is proposed to include a third modifying gene, N3, which in the homozygous dominant condition produces the husked phenotype when the principal gene, N, is heterozygous. The model assumes complex epistatic relationships between the three modifying genes N1, N2 and N3. Published information and further experimental data suggest that the genotype NN--N3N3 is uncommon. The expression of the genes determining nakedness was greatly influenced by the environment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00041542
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  • 3
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    Influence of variety, row type and time of sowing on the morphology, chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of barley straw (1992)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-04-01
    Description: SUMMARYLeaf proportions (LP) were determined in spring barley straws harvested at Cambridge in 1984 and 1985. Linear regression equations showed that a greater number of days to flowering increased LP whilst greater plant height decreased LP in spring barley straws. Plant height accounted for more than 70% of the variance in LP. By contrast, grain yield and stem diameter accounted for only a small percentage of the variance in LP. Straws from two-rowed winter barleys had slightly higher LP than six-rowed winter barleys but LP in winter and spring barleys were similar.Leaf blade and leaf sheath fractions of the straws had lower acid detergent fibre and lignin contents and were more digestible than the stem fractions. Linear regression equations of straw digestibility in spring barleys on LP, grain yields, days to flowering and plant heights showed that LP accounted for a higher percentage of the variance in digestibility in 1984 than the other characteristics. In 1985, when harvesting conditions were unusually wet, grain yield accounted for the highest percentage of the variance in straw digestibility.There were no differences in chemical composition and straw digestibility between two-rowed and six-rowed barleys, but winter barleys had higher straw digestibility than spring barleys. Date of sowing did not influence straw quality in two-rowed winter barleys.The ranking of two-rowed spring barleys for LP, chemical composition and digestibility suggested that varieties with consistently better straw quality could be identified.
    Print ISSN: 0021-8596
    Electronic ISSN: 1469-5146
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Cambridge University Press
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  • 4
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    High biomass genotypes in spring barley (1985)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-08-01
    Description: SUMMARYThree experiments were carried out to measure grain and biomass yields of spring barley breeding lines and varieties. Leaf diseases were controlled by applying proprietary fungicides and in some treatments plants were supported by nets to prevent lodging. The trials, grown in 1982 and 1983, compared the grain and biomass yields of 14 breeding lines and two varieties with and without support. In a third experiment, comparing three lines and the varieties Triumph and Egmont, all the plots were supported and in addition each experimental plot was flanked by guard plots of the same genotype to minimize inter-plot competition.In the supported plots of all three experiments, three breeding lines, SB 543–3, SB 71–2 and HSB 258–93 produced significantly greater biomass yields than the mean of the varieties Triumph and Egmont. All three breeding lines were taller and had lower ratios of grain to grain + straw than the controls. Measurements were made of the accumulation of dry matter, chlorophyll content at anthesis and date of ear emergence but no single factor could be identified which was associated with increased biomass in these lines.The grain yield of the semi-dwarf, lodging-resistant variety Triumph was reduced by an average of 0·24 t/ha by the support treatment compared with the non-supported control. The results from the third experiment suggested that the yield of Triumph was reduced by inter-plot competition by about 10% in relation to the other entries in the trial.It is suggested that the high biomass lines identified here could be used as parents in a breeding programme to produce varieties with high yield if this high biomass could be combined with a high ratio of grain to above-ground dry-matter yield.
    Print ISSN: 0021-8596
    Electronic ISSN: 1469-5146
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Cambridge University Press
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  • 5
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    Varietal Responses in Spring Barley to Natural and Artificial Lodging and to a Growth Regulator (1979)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-10-01
    Description: SUMMARYEight varieties of spring barley differing in their morphology and resistance to lodging were grown in a trial as main plots which were split for seven treatments: a natural control (C), a control with plots which were mechanically supported (S) and four artificially induced lodging treatments: permanent early lodging (PEL); temporary early lodging (TEL); permanent late lodging (PLL) and temporary late lodging (TLL). The seventh treatment (GR) was an application of the growth regulator BAS 09800W. In comparison with S, treatments PEL, TEL, PLL and TLL reduced grain yield by 38–1, 24–8, 22–0 and 13–9 % respectively. Natural lodging in C plots reduced the yield of the two weakest strawed varieties, Guilden and Jupiter, by 8 and 10% respectively in comparison with treatment S. Yields (C) of these two varieties were increased by GR which had no effect on the yield of other varieties, but reduced grain size in some cases. Treatment GR significantly reduced but did not eliminate natural lodging in weaker strawed varieties and reduced the length of the top four internodes. Lodging reduced grain size in terms of 1000–grain weight and sieving fractions and increased the content of husk and protein. Lodging susceptibility was positively correlated with plant height but showed no clear relationship with the number of vascular bundles, stem diameter, wall thickness, or with the content of lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose in the basal internodes. Lodging resistance appeared to be closely associated with short basal internodes.
    Print ISSN: 0021-8596
    Electronic ISSN: 1469-5146
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Cambridge University Press
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  • 6
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    Comparison of spring barley varieties grown in England and Wales between 1880 and 1980 (1981)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-12-01
    Description: SUMMARYFive experiments, involving 37 varieties, were carried out over three seasons to estimate the increase in yield potential in spring barley achieved by plant breeding during the last 100 years. Most of the important spring barley varieties grown in Britain between 1880 and 1980 were represented. In three experiments disease was controlled by a fungicide while in the other two experiments fungicide application was a main treatment. To prevent yield loss due to lodging, plants were supported as a main treatment in two trials.In all experiments most of the modern varieties yielded more than the older ones. The genetic gain in yield was 0·39% per year during the 100-year period and 0·84% per year between 1953 and 1980.Modern varieties had higher grain yields, shorter straw, and higher harvest index denned as the proportion of grain dry weight to total above-ground dry weight; more of the tillers they produced survived to give ears. There was a weak association between biological yield (total above-ground dry weight) and grain yield.It is suggested that although much of the improvement in yield described here could be attributed to increased harvest index, the scope for further improvement in this character may be limited. Further yield improvements might be achieved by combining high biological yield with high harvest index.
    Print ISSN: 0021-8596
    Electronic ISSN: 1469-5146
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Cambridge University Press
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  • 7
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    Drought drove forest decline and dune building in eastern upper Michigan, USA, as the upper Great Lakes became closed basins (2012)
    Geological Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-02-28
    Print ISSN: 0091-7613
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-2682
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Geological Society of America
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