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1

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Spatial patterns of genetic structure among populations of a stone-cased caddis (Trichoptera: Tasimiidae) in south-east Queensland, Australia (2005)

SCHULTHEIS, ALICIA S. ; HUGHES, JANE M.

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd

Freshwater biology 50 (2005), S. 0

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ISSN: 1365-2427

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Biology

Notes: 1. Gene flow and dispersal among populations of a stone-cased caddis (Tasimiidae: Tasimia palpata) were estimated indirectly using a 460 bp region of the cytochrome oxidase I gene of mitochondrial DNA.2. There was no significant differentiation at the largest spatial scale (between catchments) and no correlation between genetic distance and geographic distance. These results are consistent with widespread adult dispersal.3. Conversely, significant genetic differentiation was detected at the smallest spatial scale examined (among reaches within streams). This pattern was primarily because of significant FST values in a single stream (Bundaroo Creek).4. Bundaroo Creek also had the lowest mean number of haplotypes per population (n = 7) suggesting that a limited number of females may be responsible for recruitment at these sites. Significant FST's at the reach scale may be a result of this ‘patchy’ recruitment. However, additional evidence regarding the long-range dispersal ability and fecundity of T. palpata females is needed to test this hypothesis fully.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2005.01444.x

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Are populations of mayflies living in adjacent fish and fishless streams genetically differentiated? (2005)

Peckarsky, Barbara L. ; Hughes, Jane M. ; Mather, Peter B. ; [et al.]

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd

Freshwater biology 50 (2005), S. 0

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ISSN: 1365-2427

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Biology

Notes: 1. Conspecific populations living in habitats with different risks of predation often show phenotypic variation in defensive traits. Traits of two species of mayflies (Baetidae: Baetis bicaudatus and Baetis sp. nov.) differ between populations living in fish and fishless streams in a high altitude drainage basin in western Colorado, U.S.A. We tested for genetic differentiation between mayfly populations in these two habitat types, assuming that lack of genetic differentiation would be consistent with the hypothesis that those traits are phenotypically plastic.2. Previous work has shown that larvae of both species behave differently and undergo different developmental pathways in adjacent fish and fishless streams. These phenotypic differences in behaviour and development have been induced experimentally, suggesting that populations from fishless streams have the genetic capability to respond to fish.3. During summer 2001 we collected Baetis larvae from several fish and fishless streams, and from fish and fishless sections of the same streams. We used allozymes and a fragment of the cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 mitochondrial gene to examine genetic variation of Baetis individuals within and among streams.4. Results showed that genetic variation exists among populations of the same species of Baetis from different streams, but none of that variation was associated with the presence or absence of fish. These data confirm that populations of Baetis living in fish and fishless streams are not genetically distinct, and are consistent with the hypothesis that traits associated with environments of different risk are phenotypically plastic.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2004.01292.x

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3

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Small-scale patterns of genetic variation in the mayfly Bungona narilla (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) in rainforest streams, south-east Queensland (2003)

Hughes, Jane M. ; Hillyer, Mia ; Bunn, Stuart E.

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd

Freshwater biology 48 (2003), S. 0

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ISSN: 1365-2427

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Biology

Notes: SUMMARY 1. Genetic structure of the mayfly Bungona narilla was examined using allozymes and a section of the cytochrome oxidase I gene.2. The study had two major aims. The first was to determine whether patterns of genetic variation in mitochondrial DNA were similar to those found previously for allozymes, i.e. that more variation was evident among pools within a single stream than among streams. The mitochondrial DNA results were similar to those reported previously for allozymes, supporting the idea that larvae within any particular pool were unrepresentative of the total population and may result from a few matings.3. The second aim was to test the hypothesis that the variation among pools within a stream was greater after dry periods than after wet periods. This was because after wet periods, larvae would have greater opportunity for mixing because of movement among pools. This hypothesis was partly supported by the mitochondrial DNA data but not by the allozyme data, in which variation among pools was extremely low on both sampling occasions. The reasons for this difference are unclear.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2427.2003.01044.x

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4

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Genetic structure in a montane mayfly Baetis bicaudatus (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae), from the Rocky Mountains, Colorado (2003)

Hughes, Jane M. ; Mather, Peter B. ; Hillyer, Mia J. ; [et al.]

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd

Freshwater biology 48 (2003), S. 0

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ISSN: 1365-2427

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Biology

Notes: 1. Populations of a number of sub-tropical stream insect species have been found to show unexpected patterns of genetic variation, with more differences between samples from the same stream than between whole streams or between subcatchments. Many samples also showed deviations from Hardy–Weinberg proportions. It has been proposed that these patterns result from limited numbers of matings contributing to a given stream reach, because adults emerge throughout the year, and low levels of larval drift between reaches. These patterns may be less likely in a northern hemisphere montane species with synchronous emergence of adults and high levels of drift. We tested the hypothesis that patterns of genetic variation in a montane mayfly from the Rocky Mountains, Colorado, would reflect a pattern of ‘isolation by distance’ with samples from the same creek being more similar than samples from different creeks and that deviations from Hardy–Weinberg proportions would be minimal.2. Based on allozyme variation, the hypothesis of minimal deviations from Hardy–Weinberg proportions was not supported and there was no evidence of isolation by distance. Nevertheless the levels of differentiation among samples from within the same stream were less than those reported for most subtropical species.3. Results from analysis of a fragment of the cytochrome oxidase gene (subunit 1) revealed contrasting patterns. The levels of genetic differentiation were an order of magnitude higher between streams than among samples within streams. In addition, although there was no significant isolation by distance effect overall, a nested clade analysis provided evidence for restricted gene flow with isolation by distance for some clades.4. We suggest that these contrasting results may reflect the differences in male and female dispersal patterns. While differentiation at nuclear gene markers (allozymes) give information about both male and female dispersal, mitochondrial DNA markers reflect only female dispersal. We suggest that in this species, female dispersal may be more restricted, perhaps mostly along stream channels, whereas male dispersal is more widespread. An alternative explanation for the different results is the different evolutionary rates of the mitochondrial and nuclear markers.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2427.2003.01150.x

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5

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Genetic structure and dispersal of Macrobrachium australiense (Decapoda: Palaemonidae) in western Queensland, Australia (2002)

Cook, Benjamin D. ; Bunn, Stuart E. ; Hughes, Jane M.

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd

Freshwater biology 47 (2002), S. 0

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ISSN: 1365-2427

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Biology

Notes: SUMMARY 1. The freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium australiense (Decapoda: Palaemonidae), is an abundant species throughout the rivers of western Queensland, and it is thought to have effective dispersal capabilities. Given the very low topographical relief of the western Queensland landscape and the vast nature of episodic flooding, it was predicted that widespread dispersal in this species would occur within, and possibly between the four major catchments of the region: the Darling, Bulloo, Cooper and Diamantina. We analysed eight polymorphic allozyme systems and a fragment of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) gene to determine the extent of recent and historical patterns of dispersal at nested spatial scales, within and between catchments.2. Large and significant levels of allozyme and mtDNA differentiation were revealed among all catchments, indicating that dispersal of M. australiense does not occur across catchment boundaries, although this species is reportedly capable of overland movement. In contrast, no significant patterns of genetic differentiation were resolved between major subcatchments of the Darling and Cooper, or between sites within these subcatchments, indicating that populations of M. australiense are panmictic within catchments.3. The MtDNA data resolved two divergent and reciprocally monophyletic clades, with the first representing the Darling catchment, and the second corresponding to the Bulloo, Cooper and Diamantina catchments. We postulate that extreme variation in historical climatic patterns and palaeohydrologic conditions played an important role in shaping the population structure of M. australiense throughout western Queensland during the Quaternary.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2427.2002.00953.x

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6

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Genetic structure of the stonefly, Yoraperla brevis, populations: the extent of gene flow among adjacent montane streams (1999)

Hughes, Jane M. ; Mather, Peter B. ; Sheldon, Andrew L. ; [et al.]

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd

Freshwater biology 41 (1999), S. 0

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ISSN: 1365-2427

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Biology

Notes: 1. Gene flow in populations of stream insects is expected to depend on the distance between and the connectedness of sites in stream networks, and on dispersal ability (i.e. larval drift and adult flight).2. Yoraperla brevis (Banks) is an abundant and characteristic stonefly of smaller streams in the northern Rocky Mountains. The present authors analysed genetic structure at 27 sites in sevenz streams flowing into the Bitterroot River in western Montana, USA. Cellulose acetate electrophoresis identified five variable loci with 16 alleles.3. Genotype frequencies conformed to Hardy–Weinberg expectations. Within-stream differentiation was low and among-stream variation (Fst) was an order of magnitude higher.4. UPGMA grouped sites within streams and also grouped adjacent streams. The tree produced by the Neighbour Joining Method was similar although not quite so clear cut.5. This orderly pattern (i.e. Hardy–Weinberg proportions, homogeneity within streams and geographical structure) contrasts strongly with patterns observed in invertebrates from subtropical streams in Australia. Yoraperla brevis maintains large populations in predictable environments, has a long life-cycle with a likelihood of cohort mixing, emerges synchronously in large breeding populations and occupies streams separated by areas of high relief; the Australian situation is the opposite in most respects.6. Further analysis of a range of species is required to determine whether the different genetic structure in Y. brevis compared to the Australian species occurs more generally in North American stream insects.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2427.1999.00385.x

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7

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Dispersal and recruitment of Tasiagma ciliata (Trichoptera: Tasimiidae) in rainforest streams, south-eastern Australia (1998)

Hughes, Jane M. ; Bunn, Stuart E. ; Hurwood, David A. ; [et al.]

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd

Freshwater biology 39 (1998), S. 0

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ISSN: 1365-2427

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Biology

Notes: 1. This study examined genetic variation within and among populations of the caddis fly Tasiagma ciliata (Tasimiidae: Trichoptera) from rainforest streams in south-east Queensland, Australia.2. Very low levels of genetic differentiation at large spatial scales, between subcatchments and between catchments, indicated that dispersal by the winged adults is widespread. However, significant genetic differentiation at the smallest spatial scale examined, within reaches in a single stream, suggested limited movement by larvae within streams.3. A patchy distribution of deviations from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium and differences in patterns among allozyme loci suggested that populations in particular reaches were the result of only a few matings.4. These results are surprising, given the large numbers of larvae present within a single reach. We suggest that stochastic effects of recruitment may underlie much of the spatial and temporal variation in population numbers in these rainforest streams.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2427.1998.00268.x

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8

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Long-term variation in the distribution of the White-bellied Sea-Eagle (Haliaeetus leucogaster) across Australia (2005)

SHEPHARD, JILL M. ; CATTERALL, CARLA P. ; HUGHES, JANE M.

Melbourne, Australia : Blackwell Science Pty

Austral ecology 30 (2005), S. 0

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ISSN: 1442-9993

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract The White-bellied Sea-Eagle Haliaeetus leucogaster (Accipitridae) is widespread within Australia. However, in a number of states it is thought to be declining locally in response to human induced disturbance. Here we analyse the Australian Bird Atlas data to identify the extent and pattern of change in range and density of the species between three Atlas Periods (1901–1976, 1977–1981 and 1998–2001) using a new standardized frequency measure, the Occupancy Index (OI) for 1° blocks (approx. 100 km2) across the continent. At the continental scale, there was no significant difference in the spatial extent of occupancy between Atlas Periods. However, there were considerable changes in frequency and range extent between defined regions, and there were distinct differences in the pattern of change in OI between coastal and inland blocks over time. Coastal blocks showed much more change than inland blocks, with a clear increase in the use of coastal blocks, accompanied by a decrease in inland blocks, during the 1977–1981 Atlas Period, relative to both other Atlas Periods. While there were slight (and not statistically significant) trends for OI to increase in areas containing dams, and to decrease in urbanized coastal areas, the over-riding factor associated with distributional shifts and frequency changes was apparently climatic fluctuation (the 1977–1981 period showing the influence of El Niño associated drought). Within this study, the impression of abundance was strongly dependent on both the temporal and spatial scale of analysis. This highlights the importance of large-scale analysis in interpreting change in distribution and abundance of widespread species.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-9993.2005.01428.x

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9

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Influence of genetic and environmental factors on egg and clutch sizes among populations of Paratya australiensis Kemp (Decapoda: Atyidae) in␣upland rainforest streams, south-east Queensland (1998)

Hancock, Marty A. ; Hughes, Jane M. ; Bunn, Stuart E.

Springer

Oecologia 115 (1998), S. 483-491

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ISSN: 1432-1939

Keywords: Key words Reproductive strategy ; Reproductive effort ; Larval development ; Life history ; Shrimps

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract Headwater populations of the common shrimp Paratya australiensis were sampled to examine the factors influencing egg and clutch size. Much of the spatial variation in these reproductive traits was associated with differences in altitude, with upper sites having larger eggs and smaller clutches. Mean egg size at high-altitude sites was higher than that previously reported for this species. Temporal variation in egg and clutch size was also observed, with significant increases in egg size during the breeding season. At most sites, this increase was accompanied by a decrease in clutch size. The combined effect of the reciprocal patterns in egg volume and clutch size resulted in relatively little spatial and temporal variation in reproductive effort. In a field experiment, using a unique genetic marker, shrimps were translocated between two sites with significantly different egg sizes. After one generation (18 months), the mean egg size of translocated females was the same as that of females from the `source' population. In contrast, clutch size changed towards that of the resident females. This suggests that egg size is under strong genetic control, while clutch size is influenced by the environment.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004420050545

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