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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Monitoring the biological treatment of anthracene-contaminated soil in a rotating-drum bioreactor (1995)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 43 (1995), S. 521-528 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract A 2-kg-capacity rotating-drum reactor was used for biological conversion of nearly insoluble organic contaminants in soil. The rotating motion allowed effective operation at a solids content of over 60% by weight. A mixed bacterial culture was used to degrade anthracene that had been impregnated into a representative high-clay soil. The activity of the culture was sustained over a period of months in repeated batch operation, in which fresh soil was inoculated with 20% spent slurry from the previous run. Maximum degradation rates of 100–150 mg anthracene (kg soil)−1 day−1 were achieved throughout the experiments. Evolution of carbon dioxide from the bioreactor showed that degradation and mineralization of anthracene occurred simultaneously, and that 55% of the anthracene was mineralized. When the culture was switched from anthracene as sole carbon source to a mixture of three polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, the culture was able to degrade each of these in the sequence: anthracene, phenanthrene and finally pyrene.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218460
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Monitoring the biological treatment of anthracene-contaminated soil in a rotating-drum bioreactor (1995)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 43 (1995), S. 521-528 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract A 2-kg-capacity rotating-drum reactor was used for biological conversion of nearly insoluble organic contaminants in soil. The rotating motion allowed effective operation at a solids content of over 60% by weight. A mixed bacterial culture was used to degrade anthracene that had been impregnated into a representative high-clay soil. The activity of the culture was sustained over a period of months in repeated batch operation, in which fresh soil was inoculated with 20% spent slurry from the previous run. Maximum degradation rates of 100–150 mg anthracene (kg soil)-1 day-1 were achieved throughout the experiments. Evolution of carbon dioxide from the bioreactor showed that degradation and mineralization of anthracene occurred simultaneously, and that 55% of the anthracene was mineralized. When the culture was switched from anthracene as sole carbon source to a mixture of three polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, the culture was able to degrade each of these in the sequence: anthracene, phenanthrene and finally pyrene.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530050445
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multirate state and parameter estimation in an antibiotic fermentation with delayed measurements (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 44 (1994), S. 1271-1278 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: fermentation ; state estimation ; kalman filter ; multirate systems ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This article discusses issues related to estimation and monitoring of fermentation processes that exhibit endogenous metabolism and time-varying maintenance activity. Such culture-related activities hamper the use of traditional, software sensor-based algorithms, such as the extended kalman filter (EKF). In the approach presented here, the individual effects of the endogenous decay and the true maintenance processes have been lumped to represent a modified maintenance coefficient, mc. Model equations that relate measurable process outputs, such as the carbon dioxide evolution rate (CER) and biomass, to the observable process parameters (such as net specific growth rate and the modified maintenance coefficient) are proposed. These model equations are used in an estimator that can formally accommodate delayed, infrequent measurements of the culture states (such as the biomass) as well as frequent, culture-related secondary measurements (such as the CER). The resulting multirate software sensor-based estimation strategy is used to monitor biomass profiles as well as profiles of critical fermentation parameters, such as the specific growth for a fed-batch fermentation of Streptomyces clavuligerus. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260441102
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetics of methanogenic degradation of phenol by activated-carbon-supported and granular biomass (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 40 (1992), S. 777-786 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: phenol degradation ; methanogensesis ; activated carbon ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A continuous-feed recycle bioreactor was used to study the kinetics of methanogenic degradation of phenol at 35°C by bacteria supported on a bed of granular activated carbon (GAC). At dilution rates well above the growth rate of the culture, the cells not only populated the GAC, but also formed a layer of granular biomass. This layer was stabilized by the presence of the GAC, and accounted for over half of the phenol-degrading activity in the bioreactor. The specific phenol degradation rates for GAC-attached biomass, suspended biomass, and granular biomass were all in the range 0.15 to 0.22 mg phenol/mg volatile solids per day as measured under pseudo-steady-state conditions. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260400705
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimental simulation of dissolved oxygen fluctuations in large fermentors: Effect on Streptomyces clavuligerus (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 38 (1991), S. 1203-1209 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: oxygen fluctuations ; cephamycin C ; antibiotics ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An experimental Monte Carlo method was used to study the effect of fluctuations in oxygen concentration on the synthesis of antibiotics by Streptomyces clavuligerus. Air was supplied to the culture in a 2-L fermentor in random cycles following the lognormal distribution in order to model the circulation within large production-scale vessels. Each cycle consisted of air supply for 5 s followed by no aeration for the balance of the cycle time which ranged from 8 to 44 s, with a mean time of 20 s. Comparable experiments were also conducted with constant period cycling of air and with continuous supply of air. The yields of cephamycin C and its precursor, penicillin N, were suppressed by the Monte Carlo simulation of circulation in a large tank, as compared to constant period cycling. The concentration of dissolved oxygen remained at a low, ca. 5% of saturation, for 5-10 h longer during the Monte Carlo experiment than during the periodic aeration experiment. The biosynthetic enzymes, which are sensitive to oxygen levels, were likely affected not only by the mean time of cycling but also by the distribution of the cycles.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260381012
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetics of CO2 hydration in fermentors: pH and pressure effects (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 36 (1990), S. 92-96 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Fluctuations in pH and head-space pressure in a fermentor introduce temporary changes in off-gas CO2 concentrations. These changes are quantified using a simple model based on kinetics of CO2 hydration and gas-liquid mass transfer. The model is verified experimentally. An eigenvalue analysis of the model indicates that mass transfer is the parameter which controls the dynamics of CO2 equilibration.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260360112
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  • 7
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    Open reading frame cloning: identification, cloning, and expression of open reading frame DNA. (1982)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-11-01
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 8
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    Observation of a Relaxed Plasma State in a Quasi-Infinite Cylinder (2013)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-02-23
    Description: Author(s): T. Gray, M. R. Brown, and D. Dandurand A helical relaxed plasma state is observed in a long cylindrical volume. The cylinder is long enough so that the predicted minimum energy state is a close approximation to the infinite cylinder solution. The plasma is injected at v ≥50  km/s by a coaxial magnetized plasma gun located at one end of th... [Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 085002] Published Fri Feb 22, 2013
    Keywords: Plasma and Beam Physics
    Print ISSN: 0031-9007
    Electronic ISSN: 1079-7114
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 9
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    The Impact of Stratospheric Resolution on the Detectability of Climate Change Signals in the Free Atmosphere (2013)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-01-27
    Description: [1]  We perform a comparison of temperature changes in the free atmosphere over the period 1961-2010 using a high-top (lid at 84 km) and low-top (lid at 40 km) version of the HadGEM2 atmosphere-ocean global climate model. Model simulations of historical climate change which include key anthropogenic and natural external forcings are compared with three different radiosonde datasets. We also apply a regression-based “optimal fingerprinting” method to determine whether model-predicted temperature-change signals in response to external forcing are identifiable in observations. This method employs simulations which isolate the signals associated with different sets of external forcings (well-mixed GHGs, and natural external factors). In both high- and low-top models, we obtain positive detection of the signals arising from anthropogenic influences. We find statistically significant differences between the latitude-height temperature signals simulated by the high- and low-top models, particularly in the tropical lower stratosphere. The scaling factors associated with each of the separate forcings are more tightly constrained in the high- over the low-top model, but otherwise are similar in nature. Finally, we show that in detecting the GHGfingerprint it is the entire vertical temperature profile that is important, not simply the lower-most tropospheric levels.
    Print ISSN: 0094-8276
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-8007
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 10
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    Monitoring the biological treatment of anthracene-contaminated soil in a rotating-drum bioreactor (1995)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-07-01
    Print ISSN: 0175-7598
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-0614
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Published by Springer
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