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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 116 (1983), S. 618-629 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Cyclovinylogous Additions of 1,3-Diphenylbenzo[c]furan to 1,3,5-Cycloheptatriene1,3-Diphenylbenzo[c]furan (1) reacts thermally with 3,4-dimethylenecyclobutene (2) and 1,3,5-cycloheptatriene (5) to give exo- and endo-Diels-Alder adducts. The reaction of 1 with potassium cycloheptatrienide leads to substitutive adducts (13, 14) at low temperature, but to [4 + 2]-ring closure (15) at higher temperatures, via the anionic intermediate 12. The photoaddition of 1 to 5 gives the exo- and endo-[4 + 2]-, endo-[4 + 6]-, exo-[4 + 4]- und cis-1,4(1,3)-substitutive adducts 7, 6, 16, 17 und 14, in divergence to recent literature data. The structures of the products are elucidated by 1H NMR spectra and in part by chemical transformations, their formation can be interpreted in terms of the approved diradical mechanism. The endo-/exo-isomerization of 16 into 19 proceeds solvolytically. The products 7 and 16 are formed out of 17 by suprafacial thermal 1,3-alkyl shifts. Further exo- und endo-[4 + 2]- as well as [4 + 4]-additions of 1 are achieved with dimethyl maleate (23, 24) and anthracene (26), resp.
    Notes: 1,3-Diphenylbenzo[c]furan (1) reagiert thermisch mit 3,4-Dimethylencyclobuten (2) und 1,3,5-Cycloheptatrien (5) zu exo- und endo-Diels-Alder-Addukten. Die Reaktion von 1 mit Kaliumcycloheptatrienid führt über das Anionzwischenprodukt 12 bei tiefer Temperatur zu Substitutionsaddukten (13, 14), bei höherer Temperatur dagegen zum [4 + 2]-Ringschluß (15). Die Photoaddition von 1 an 5 führt abweichend von Literaturangaben zu den exo- und endo-[4 + 2]-, endo-[4 + 6]-, exo-[4 + 4]- und cis-1,4(1,3)-Substitutions-Addukten 7, 6, 16, 17 und 14, deren Konstitution 1H-NMR-spektroskopisch sowie z. T. durch chemische Umwandlungen belegt wird und deren Bildung auf der Grundlage des bewährten Diradikalmechanismus gedeutet werden kann. Die endo-/exo-Isomerisierung von 16 zu 19 gelingt solvolytisch. Durch suprafaciale thermische 1,3-Alkylverschiebungen entstehen aus 17 die Produkte 7 und 16. Weitere exo- und endo-[4 + 2]- sowie [4 + 4]-Additionen von 1 werden mit Maleinsäure-dimethylester (23, 24) und Anthracen (26) erreicht.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 116 (1983), S. 630-644 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Photoadditions of Anthracenes to 2,4-Hexadiene and 1,3,5-CycloheptatrieneElectronically excited 9-anthracenecarbonitrile (1*), in contrast to theoretical predictions, is trapped by 2,4-hexadiene to give the [4 + 4]-adduct 3 with a trans-double bond, which forms the [4 + 2]-adduct 4 above 0°C via suprafacial 1,3-shift. Also 1,3,5-cycloheptatriene (6) quenches 1* with the result of a thermolabile [4 + 4]-addukt 7 (→ 8). In addition to 8, further adducts (9, 10, 11, 12) are formed via isomeric diradicals. Anthracene (19*) and 6 generate the [4 + 6]-, [4 + 4]-, [4 + 2]-, substitutive, and peripheral adducts 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, and 24. 9-Phenylanthracene (25*) and 6 form the corresponding, partly isomeric, adducts (26; 29; 27, 28; 30, 31; 32). The reactions are interpreted in terms of diradical mechanisms. Numerous literature reports, which havealready been classified theoretically, are amended or corrected, the reasons for erroneous theoretical predictions are discussed. The diversity of products can be understood in detail by empirical extrapolations on the basis of the experimentally secured cyclovinylogy principle.
    Notes: Elektronisch angeregtes 9-Anthracencarbonitril (1*) wird von 2,4-Hexadien (2) entgegen theoretischen Erwartungen zum [4 + 4]-Addukt 3 mit trans-Doppelbindung abgefangen, aus dem oberhalb 0°C durch suprafaciale 1,3-Verschiebung das [4 + 2]-Addukt 4 entsteht. Auch 1,3,5-Cycloheptatrien (6) reagiert mit 1* zu einem thermolabilen [4 + 4]-Addukt 7 (→ 8). Daneben entstehen weitere Addukte (9, 10, 11, 12) über isomere Diradikale. Anthracen (19*) bildet mit 6 die [4 + 6]-, [4 + 4]-, [4 + 2]-, Substitutions- und Peripher-Addukte 20, 21, 22, 23, 24. Mit 9-Phenylanthracen (25*) und 6 gibt es die entsprechenden, z. T. stellungsisomeren, Addukte (26; 29; 27, 28; 30, 31; 32). Die Reaktionen werden an Hand von Diradikalmechanismen gedeutet. Zahlreiche bereits theoretisch klassifizierte Literaturangaben werden ergänzt oder berichtigt, die Gründe für die fehlerhaften theoretischen Vorhersagen diskutiert. Die Produktevielfalt kann durch empirische Extrapolation im Rahmen des experimentell gesicherten Cyclovinylogieprinzips detailliert verstanden werden.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 2844-2858 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Known and New Types of Reactions in the Photoreaction of Stilbenes with Cyclic IminesThe Photoreactions of stilbene and 1,4-diphenyl-1,3-butadiene with caffeine and of stilbene with benzothiazole, 1-methylimidazole and 2-(methylthio)benzothiazole have been investigated with respect to known ([2+2]- [3,4,13,14,31], [2+4]-cycloaddition [5,15], inserting [2+2]-addition [32], mechanistically new (uncatalyzed, substitutive [2+2]-addition 20,29 and prin cipally new reaction types (substitutive [2+2]-addition with substituent migration and cleavage of a double bond [6,21], substitutive [2+2]-addition with cleavage of a double bond [7, two approaches], intermolecular exchange of vinyl substituents [8,22]). The products are isolated and characterized analytically, spectroscopically (UV,1H-, 13C—NMR) and by chemical transformations [photocleavages (propellanes 3,4,13,14 azetane derivative 31, tetrahydropyridine derivative 15) pyrolysis(15), rearrangement (25), alkylation (16, 17) und protonation (24)]. The new reaction types are without precedence. They are formulated to occur via 1,4-diradicals.
    Notes: Die Photoreaktionen von Stilben und 1,4-Diphenyl-1,3-butadien mit Coffein, sowie von Stilben mit Benzothiazol, 1-Methylimidazol und 2-(Methylthio)benzothiazol werden im Hinblick auf be kannte ([2+2]- [3,4,13,14,31], [2+4]-Cycloaddition [5,15], insertierende [2+2]-Addition [32], mechanistisch neue (unkatalysierte substituierende [2+2]-Addition [20,29] und grundsätzlich neue Reaktionstypen (substituierende [2+2]-Addition mit Substituentenwanderung und Spaltung einer Doppelbindung [6,21], substituierende [2+2]-Addition mit Spaltung einer Doppelbindung [7, zwei Wege], intermolekularer Austausch von Vinylsubstituenten [8,22] untersucht. Die Produkte werden isoliert und analytisch, spektroskopisch (UV,1H-, 13C—NMR), sowie durch chemische Umwandlungen [Photospaltungen(Propellane 3,4,13,14, Azetan 31, Tetrahydropyridin-Derivat 15) Pyrolyse(15), Umlagerung (25), Alkylierung (16, 17) und Protonie rung (24)] charakterisiert. Die neuen Reaktionstypen, für die keine Präzedenzfälle existieren, werden über 1,4-Diradikale formuliert.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 113 (1980), S. 1458-1471 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Polar and Non-polar Cycloadditions of 1,3-Butadiene and Cyclopentadiene to AnthracenesThe photoadditions of anthracene (1a) and 9-anthracenecarbonitrile (1b) with 1,3-butadiene (2) lead to very different ratios of [4 + 2]- and [4 + 4]-adducts. This and, in contrast to the behavior of 1a, the complete suppression of photo-Diels-Alder additions between 1b,c,d and cyclopenta-diene (9) at 0°C are readily rationalized as an effect of hybridization in terms of the well established and successful diradical mechanism. At higher temperatures the [4 + 4]-adducts 11 undergo suprafacial 1,3-shifts into Diels-Alder adducts 12 and [4 + 4]-cycloreversions into 1 and 9. At such temperatures, added 1,3-dienes (or 1 and 9 generated in situ) combine with 11 to give well defined polycyclic adducts. Spectroscopic and quenching data are discussed.
    Notes: Die Photoadditionen von Anthracen (1a) und 9-Anthracencarbonitril (1b) mit 1,3-Butadien (2) führen zu deutlich verschiedenen Verhältnissen an [4 + 2]- und [4 + 4]-Addukten. Dies und die  -  im Gegensatz zu 1a  -  völlige Unterdrückung der Photo-Diels-Alder-Addition zwischen 1b,c,d und Cyclopentadien (9) bei 0°C ist als Hybridisierungseffekt beim vielfach bewährten Diradikalmechanismus zu verstehen. Bei höheren Temperaturen gehen die [4 + 4]-Addukte 11 durch suprafaciale 1,3-Verschiebung in Diels-Alder-Addukte 12, durch [4 + 4]-Cycloreversion in 1 und 9, oder mit zugesetzten 1,3-Dienen (bzw. in situ gebildetem 1 und 9) in wohldefinierte poly-cyclische Addukte über. Spektroskopische und Löschdaten werden diskutiert.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 113 (1980), S. 1626-1631 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Photoadditions of Dibenz[a,c]- and Dibenz[a,h]anthracene to CyclopentadieneThe electronically excited carcinogens and mutagens 1 and 5 react with cyclopentadiene (2) at 0°C to give the stereochemically well defined [4 + 2]- (3) and [4 + 4]- (4) or [4 + 2]- (6) and [2 + 4]-adducts (7), resp. The products are characterized by UV, fluorescence, and 1H NMR spectra which reveal transannular interactions. 4 gives the cage compound 10 on photolysis.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 115 (1982), S. 3208-3211 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 1,4-Addition of Potassium Cycloheptatrienide to (9-Phenyl-)AnthraceneIn liquid ammonia the cycloheptatriene anion adds to anthracene (3) and 9-phenylanthracene (9) to give the anions 4 and 10, resp., which are quenched at -35°C to give the substitutive 1,4-adducts 5 and 11 + 12, resp. Upon heating up to 20°C the intermediate anion 4 cyclizes to the Diels-Alder product 6, which is quenched to give the asymmetric and symmetric [4 + 2]-adducts 7 and 8. The structures of the products have been established primarily by high-field 1H-NMR spectroscopy.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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