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  • 1
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    The ventral lateral geniculate nucleus, pars lateralis of the rat (1976)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1976-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0302-766X
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-0878
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Springer
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Organization of ascending spinal projections in Caiman crocodilus (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 215 (1981), S. 383-395 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Spinal cord ; Reptile (caiman) ; Reticular formation ; Tectum ; Thalamus ; Pain pathway
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Ascending spinal projections in the caiman (Caiman crocodilus) were demonstrated with Nauta and Fink-Heimer methods following hemisections of the third spinal segment in a series of twelve animals. These results were compared with earlier data in the literature obtained from a turtle, a snake, and a lizard using the same experimental and histological procedures. The results show remarkable similarities considering that each species represents a different reptilian order with different evolutionary history and habitat. However, the caiman displays several important peculiarities. Although the dorsal funiculus of the caiman contains the largest number of ascending spinal projections of the four species examined, this funiculus has not differentiated into cuneate and gracile fasciculi as is the case in the tegu lizard. The ventro-lateral ascending spinal projections follow a fundamentally similar general morphologic pattern in the four species with only minor variations. The anatomical arrangement in the caiman and tegu lizard appears most similar in the high cervical and the medullary regions; however, this is not the case in midbrain and thalamic regions where considerably more extensive projections are seen in the caiman. In the caiman an extensive spinal connection to the ventro-lateral nucleus of the dorsal thalamus is present; this connection is reminiscent of the mammalian spinal projection to the ventro-basal complex. The caiman has in common with the other three reptilian species a small projection to another dorsal thalamic region that is apparently homologous to the mammalian intralaminar nuclei, which are the destination of the mammalian paleospinothalamic tract.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00239122
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The ventral lateral geniculate nucleus, pars lateralis of the rat (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 170 (1976), S. 435-454 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Visual system ; Thalamus ; Axonal sprouting ; Synapse ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The synaptic organization of the pars lateralis portion of the ventral lateral geniculate nucleus is similar to that of other thalamic nuclei. There are four types of synaptic knobs (RL, RS, F1, F2). RL knobs are large and irregularly shaped, contain round synaptic vesicles and make multiple asymmetrical junctions. They are found primarily in “synaptic islands” making contact with gemmules, spines, small dendrites, and other synaptic profiles containing pleiomorphic synaptic vesicles (F2). Smaller RS knobs contain round vesicles and make asymmetrical junctions with the same type of elements as RL knobs, with the exception of the F2 profiles, but are seldom found in synaptic islands. F1 knobs contain flattened synaptic vesicles and form symmetrical junctions with F2 knobs, gemmules, spines, and small-medium dendrites in synaptic islands, throughout the neuropil, and on the proximal dendrites and soma of the largest type of neuron. F2 knobs are irregularly shaped, contain pleiomorphic synaptic vesicles and make symmetrical junctions primarily with gemmules and spines in synaptic islands. They are postsynaptic to RL and F1 knobs. Occipital decortication indicates that cortical terminals are of the RS type. Bilateral enucleation indicates that retinal terminals are of both the RL and RS type. The large amount of geographic overlap of retinal and cortical terminals on gemmules, spines, and small dendrites found in the neuropil outside of synaptic islands logically would maximize axonal sprouting between these two sources.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00361703
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    PVC markets survive regulations, greenpeace, and perestroika (1992)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology 14 (1992), S. 49-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 0193-7197
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The markets for PVC resins have survived the continuing challenges provided by government regulations, competitive adversaries, and the changing geopolitical arena. Recent regulations regarding what constitutes a hazardous waste, the presence of heavy metals in the PVC product or compound, and how PVC products are thrown away have threatened market share. Resilient and robust PVC is meeting these challenges while growing nationally and globally. This review examines how PVC markets have been able to thrive in the face of Greenpeace attacks against chlorine-containing products. Projections are made about the global future of PVC markets with the advent of Europe 1992 and the opening of Eastern Europe and Russia.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/vnl.730140113
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Global markets for chlorine and PVC: Potential impacts of greenpeace attacks (1994)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology 16 (1994), S. 156-161 
    Details
    ISSN: 0193-7197
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Activists in Europe have led the world in criticizing the potential formation of chlorinated organics, including dioxins in the manufacturing of PVC and its feedstocks. The Greenpeace publication “Dioxin Factories” claims that PVC manufacturing is the largest source of dioxins in the world and concludes that all PVC plants should be shut down. The environmentalist argument is that because some unfriendly compounds contain chlorine, all chlorine and chlorine derivative production should be banned. This review analyzes the debate, and using the Charles River Associates and CanTox Reports, comments on what is toxic and what would happen if all chlorine products were taken away.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/vnl.730160312
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of permeation of organic solvents through PVC, asbestos/cement, and ductile iron pipes (1987)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology 9 (1987), S. 114-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 0193-7197
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Buried potable waterpipes are susceptible to permeation by organic solvents. In studying piping made of PVC, asbestos/cement, and ductile iron, full-pipe assemblies and laboratory bench techniques were employed. Elastomeric gaskets for all three systems become permeated, at least under exaggerated conditions. Results show that thermodynamic activity, as opposed to concentration, is the driving force. At solvent activities well above those encountered in typical soil, PVC is seen to be an effective barrier against permeation.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/vnl.730090306
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Marketplace synergies for PVC additives - how the supplier alliance is working in PVC markets (1992)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology 14 (1992), S. 101-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 0193-7197
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: PVC is the only major plastic that needs additives to enhance its properties. Without additives, PVC would not enjoy its robust business and wide range of applications. This paper considers how additive suppliers have been able to bring out the best in PVC in an alliance that has been mutually beneficial. The alliance also comes with challenges to meet new and expanded regulations, as well as opportunities to develop tomorrow's materials. Some emerging concepts of “Responsible Care” are presented, which concern how resin and additive suppliers will have to provide product stewardship of compounds and products throughout their useful application lifetimes and provide options for proper disposal.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/vnl.730140211
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