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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of chlorine and pentachlorophenol in wood (1998)
    Springer
    Fresenius' journal of analytical chemistry 360 (1998), S. 433-434 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1130
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Chlorine in wood was determined in connection with the development of a reference material (RM) of pentachlorophenol (PCP) in wood. The element was determined by photon activation analysis (PAA) using bremsstrahlung of 19 MeV electrons from an electron linear accelerator. The initial overall Cl content as well as the Cl remaining after extraction with methanol and subsequent extraction with water were determined. Moreover, the PCP fractions in the organic and in the aqueous extracts were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC). The results show that at least three quarters of the overall chlorine is bound in PCP and that PCP can be extracted to a high degree.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002160050730
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of chlorine and other halogens by activation with photons and neutrons (1998)
    Springer
    Fresenius' journal of analytical chemistry 362 (1998), S. 382-386 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1130
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The analysis of halogens in various matrices is described. Activation analysis with mainly high energy bremsstrahlung (PAA) and pile neutrons (NAA) was applied. In the case of chlorine, fast procedures were worked out requiring not more than 100 min for one determination. The particular problems of fluorine analysis are discussed. The described techniques were applied for the following cases: Determination of total chlorine resp. bromine in oil samples; determination of chlorine in wood, glasses and TiN powders; determination of iodine in ZnSe single crystals using instrumental photoactivation.The limits of detection are: (interference-free in μg/g) F: 0.03/–; Cl: 0.1/0.05; Br: 0.04/0.003 and I: 0.1/0.01 using PAA/NAA. Activation analysis, being independent upon the chemical status of the analyte and usually less affected by blank problems has been found to be a useful complement to conventional chemical analysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002160051089
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on the reduction of technetate (VII) by 1,2 bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    The @International Journal Of Applied Radiation And Isotopes 35 (1984), S. 831-835 
    Details
    ISSN: 0020-708X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0020-708X(84)90017-6
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of technetium in99Mo/99m Tc-generators (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 122 (1988), S. 291-298 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The Tc budget in several ROTOP-generators was determined by neutron activation analysis (NAA) and UV-spectroscopy. The complete procedure included the preparation of the generator, elution cycle in 24 to 72 h intervals and evaporation of the eluates to dryness. The samples were aliquoted, irradiated in the reactor and analyzed via99Tc(n, n')99mTc→99Tc reaction as well as by UV-absorption due to pertechnetate. The most reliable method proved to be NAA including chemical separation from24Na by ion exchange after the complete decay of38Cl. The detection limit was 50 ppb (3 ng Tc), compared with the total amount of several 10−5 g down to 10−7 g Tc in the system and its fractions. The mass balance and the elution profiles obtained correspond very well to the theoretical values. The results permit further quantitative considerations on both elution kinetics and the generator system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02037774
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Precise determination of macro contents of nitrogen in titanium carbonitride by instrumental photon activation analysis (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 234 (1998), S. 91-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract In ceramics and powders containing carbon, macro amounts of nitrogen in the range of 12% to 15% can be well determined by photon activation analysis (17 MeV) and consecutive decay curve analysis of the 0.511 MeV annihilation peak in the gamma-spectrum. An accuracy of 1% to 3% (relative) was obtained for TiCN/N.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02389753
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of oxide film thickness on metal and ceramic materials using activation analysis and B.E.T. gas adsorption method (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 192 (1995), S. 139-145 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract For the first time a combination of B.E.T. gas adsorption method and neutron or photon activation analysis has been successfully applied to metal surfaces as well as to metal and ceramic powders (more than 50 cases). Increasing oxide film thickness was observed with increasing Al particle size. Speciation may be performed by the analysis of dehydratation. Even double-layers in the nanometer ranges may be specified. The method satisfactorily compares with TEM.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02037746
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of total PCB and dioxin by activation analysis (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 192 (1995), S. 299-305 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The analysis of PCB's and dioxins in water by activation with high energy photons is described. The substances were traced by heterochlorine. PCB and dioxins were separated selectively in the presence of a biphenyl-dibenzofurane mixture as a collector by extraction with hexane. Polar compounds were rinsed out, and chloroalkyles were evaporated. After exposure of the collector to 30 MeV bremsstrahlung it was decomposed following the Schöniger procedure. The chemical yield was measured through activity counting of11C separated as11CO2 from the collecting agent, in comparison with a reference material. The chlorine yield was determined gravimetrically using a stoichiometrically well-determined reference material. A few nanograms of chlorine per millilitre are detectable whereby primary samples of 1 l or more may be treated. The described procedure can be recommended as a reference technique for analyses via chromatography/mass spectrometry. Simultaneous analyses of other halogens are planned.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02041734
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Precise Determination of Macrocontents by Instrumental Activation Analysis: Chances and Risks (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 244 (2000), S. 517-522 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Modern technology produces a large variety of organic, metallo-organic and inorganic compounds which might be analysed successfully for their stoichiometry by INAA or IPAA if the error sources are kept under control. The problems of comparator materials, irradiation by linear accelerator, measurement and data evaluation including minor corrections are dealt with. Application to TiCN, Si3N4, SiC and nitrogen determination in different carbonaceous materials is reported.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006726829960
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of Neutron Transmutation Doping for the Preparation of a New Candidate Reference Material for Zinc Determination in Metallic Copper (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 245 (2000), S. 87-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract A new application of neutron transmutation doping is described. The method is useful to prepare graded zinc contents in highly pure copper materials. The research reactor BER II at the Hahn-Meitner-Institute, Berlin served as a neutron source. The zinc content produced in the samples was analyzed by determining the 65Zn-activity via gamma-spectrometry. Simultaneously irradiated flux monitors were used to determine the neutron flux density. Since cylindrical sample geometries are favorable for a reference material application in optical emission (OE) spectroscopy, the spatial distribution of the induced activity in a cylinder with a diameter of 8 mm and a length of 35 mm was investigated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006723718395
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  • 10
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    Determination of technetium in99Mo/99m Tc-generators (1988)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-06-01
    Print ISSN: 0236-5731
    Electronic ISSN: 1588-2780
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by Springer
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