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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Possibilities of using hafnium neutron filters for reactor NAA with fast neutrons (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 116 (1987), S. 87-97 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The possibilities of using hafnium irradiation filters for reactor fast neutron activation analysis have been evaluated. The filter characteristics of hafnium for this application are discussed and compared with some traditional filter materials. The main advantage for hafnium is its ability to remove a great portion of the slowing down neutrons, which may enhance the sensitivity of determination via threshold reactions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02037213
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrical measurements on liquid selenium (1971)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 13 (1971), S. 156-163 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die elektrische Leitfähigkeit von flüssigem Selen wurde zwischen Schmelzpunkt und ca. 800°C mit einer elektrodenfreien Methode und darüber bis ca. 1000°C mit Graphitelektroden wie auch mit Elektroden aus glasigem Kohlenstoff gemessen. Es gibt drei Gebiete mit verschiedenen Aktivierungsenergien. Unterhalb 500°C können wir Störstellenleitung, oberhalb 500°C Eigenleitung annehmen. Bei der Untersuchung des Einflusses von Sauerstoff und SeO2 auf die elektrische Leitfähigkeit von flüssigem Selen ergab sich, daß SeO2 die elektrische Leitfähigkeit von flüssigem Selen nicht beeinflußt.
    Abstract: Résumé La conductibilité électrique du sélénium liquide a été mesurée du point de fusion à approximativement 800°C avec une méthode sans éléctrode et au-dessus jusqu’à approximativement 1000°C avec des électrodes aussi bien en graphite qu’en carbone vitreux. Il existe trois régions avec différentes énergies d’activation. En dessous de 500°C nous pouvons admettre une conductibilité de défauts et au-dessus de 500°C une conductibilité intrinsèque. Un examen de l’influence de l’oxygène et de SeO2 sur la conductibilité éléctrique du sélénium liquide rélève, que SeO2 n’influence pas la conductibilité du sélénium liquide.
    Notes: Abstract The electrical conductivity of liquid selenium was measured from the melting point up to appr. 800°C by an electrodeless method and above to appr. 1000°C with graphite as well as vitreous carbon electrodes. There exist three ranges with different activation energies. In the temperature range below 500°C we may assume defect conductivity and above 500°C intrinsic conduction. When the influence of oxygen and SeO2 on the electrical conductivity of liquid selenium was investigated, it was found, that SeO2 does not affect the electrical conductivity of liquid selenium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02422599
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cross section for the resonant charge exchange Cs++Cs at thermal energies (1978)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 288 (1978), S. 109-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A remeasurement of the cross section for the resonant charge exchange Cs+ −Cs at thermal energies is presented which reduces some of the ambiguities left open in previous studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01408638
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of high purity graphite sample containers for use with rapid instrumental epithermal neutron activation analysis (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 102 (1986), S. 347-357 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The suitability of graphite of spectral quality as a sample container in short irradiations for neutron activation analysis has been investigated. The material is found to be a viable alternative to polyethylene containers especially in high flux irradiation positions where the properties of the latter deteriorate as a result of high neutron and gamma dose rates. Examples of application are demonstrated in epithermal neutron irradiations of biological materials and the accuracy and precision of the determinations were assessed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02047909
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Advantages of boron filters in instrumental epithermal neutron activation analysis of biological materials (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 112 (1987), S. 293-308 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Boron carbide (B4C) and boron nitride (BN) irradiation filters have been constructed and used for epithermal neutron activation analysis of biological materials. The major advantage offered by these filters in this application is the substantial reduction of interfering matrix activities. Consequently some trace elements of interest can be determined instrumentally with minimum delay. The filters are particulary beneficial if utilized in short reactor irradiations for rapid analysis of biological materials.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02132362
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of Neutron Transmutation Doping for the Preparation of a New Candidate Reference Material for Zinc Determination in Metallic Copper (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 245 (2000), S. 87-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract A new application of neutron transmutation doping is described. The method is useful to prepare graded zinc contents in highly pure copper materials. The research reactor BER II at the Hahn-Meitner-Institute, Berlin served as a neutron source. The zinc content produced in the samples was analyzed by determining the 65Zn-activity via gamma-spectrometry. Simultaneously irradiated flux monitors were used to determine the neutron flux density. Since cylindrical sample geometries are favorable for a reference material application in optical emission (OE) spectroscopy, the spatial distribution of the induced activity in a cylinder with a diameter of 8 mm and a length of 35 mm was investigated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006723718395
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Some problems associated with the use of boron carbide neutron filters for reactor epithermal neutron activation analysis (ENAA) (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 98 (1986), S. 133-140 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The radiation heating caused by the10B(n, α)7Li-reaction in boron carbide (B4 C) neutron filters used for epithermal neutron activation analysis has been examined by measuring rates of temperature rise and steady-state temperatures of sintered and powdered B4C filters placed in dry air and reactor pool-water during irradiation, respectively. Maximum equilibrium temperatures of 195°C for air-cooled sintered, and 50°C for water-cooled powdered B4C were observed, confirming the necessity for efficient cooling of the filter during irradiation. It is noted that the accumulation of the10B(n, α)7Li-reaction products in B4C and other boron compounds may severely limit the reuse of the filters in subsequent irradiations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02060441
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The application of NAA with irradiation at reduced temperature for the study of element losses during pretreatment of biological samples (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 112 (1987), S. 309-319 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract We have developed an irradiation facility by means of which samples can be irradiated near the core edge of the reactor BER II in liquid nitrogen at a thermal-neutron flux of 1.5.1013 n·cm−2·s−1 for a maximum of 14 days. We present the technique of neutron activation analysis in which biological samples enclosed in thin-walled quartz ampoules are irradiated and measured directly without pretreatment. Using this method, losses of iron, zinc and selenium during pretreatment procedures (freeze-drying and oven-drying at 30, 60, and 90°C) for the analysis of plasma, erythrocytes and liver were studied.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02132363
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bestimmung von Fluor in Knochen durch Neutronen- und Photonenaktivierungsanalyse (1977)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 283 (1977), S. 121-127 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Fluor in Knochen ; Aktivierungsanalyse, Neutronen/Aktivierungsanalyse, Photonen ; Methodenvergleich
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Im Rahmen eines Methodenvergleiches wurde der Fluorgehalt identischer Knochenproben durch Neutronen (NAA)- und Photonen (PAA)-Aktivierungsanalyse untersucht. Nach Optimierung der Bestrahlungs- und Me\bedingungen ergibt sich als Nachweisgrenze bei der NAA 3,9 Μg und bei der PAA 0,3 Μg. Diese Nachweisgrenzen sind ausreichend, um in einer Knochenbiopsie der Masse 50 mg den minimal zu erwartenden Fluorgehalt von 200 ppm quantitativ zu bestimmen. Der Analysenfehler betrÄgt in diesem Fall bei der NAA ±15% und bei der PAA ±25%. Der Zeitaufwand für die Analyse einer Einzelprobe betrÄgt 1 min (NAA) bzw. 4 h (PAA). Die Regressionsanalyse ergibt einen Korrelationskoeffizienten von 0,96.
    Notes: Abstract For comparison of the two methods the fluorine content was determined in identical bone samples. After optimization of the irradiation and measuring conditions the detection limit was found to be 3.9 Μg for NAA and 0.3 Μg for PAA. Both detection limits are sufficient for the quantitative determination of the minimum expected value of 200 ppm fluorine in a bone biopsy sample of 50 mg. In this case the analytical error is ±15% for NAA and ±25% for PAA, respectively. The time necessary for the analysis of a single sample is 1 min (NAA) or 4 h (PAA). The regression analysis yields a correlation coefficient of 0.96.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00539076
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Speciation of Se, Fe and Zn in Human Milk Whey: The use of Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA) to corroborate element profiles measured with Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES) (1995)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 353 (1995), S. 137-142 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract In human milk trace elements normally exist in a form which can easily be absorbed by the newborn infant. For investigations of the bioavailability of trace elements it is necessary to carry out a speciation analysis of the elements of interest. An independent analytical method has been used for the quality control of the shape of the element profiles obtained from the speciation analysis of Se, Fe and Zn in individual samples of human milk whey after chromatographic separation. For the element detection in the untreated milk fractions Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA) was chosen as the reference method. Element distribution patterns have been obtained with Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES) using on-line digestion of the fraction, reduction and hydride formation of Se (“T”-mode). Prior results are compared with those obtained by means of element detection in the untreated fractions (“U”-mode) with ICP-AES. The elution profiles of Se, Fe and Zn in human milk whey obtained by means of ICP-AES detection using the “T”-mode show good agreement with the distribution patterns obtained with INAA. Recoveries of 103% for Fe, 86% for Zn and 87% for Se were obtained. The element distribution patterns of Fe and Zn obtained with ICP-AES speciation using the “T”-mode also show good agreement with those obtained by means of ICP-AES using the “U”-mode.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s0021653530137
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