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  • 1
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Machinable BN/Si3N4 and electroconductive TiN/Si3N4 nanocomposites were prepared, usingpowders synthesized through an in-situ nitridation method in flowing ammonia gas. Due to thehomogeneous mixing of various components in the powders, nanocomposites with homogeneous secondphase distribution in the matrix were obtained. These nanocomposites showed enhanced strengths anddistinctive functionalities. BN/Si3N4 nanocomposite with 20-25vol% BN showed a relatively highstrength of over 700 MPa and was able to be machined into complicated shapes with diamond bits.Electroconductive TiN/Si3N4 nanocomposite with 25vol% TiN showed a high strength of 1100MPa andlow electrical resistivity of 1.1×10-2 [removed info]⋅cm, and was promising for electrical discharge machining
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Advances in science and technology Vol. 51 (Oct. 2006), p. 64-67 
    ISSN: 1662-0356
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General , Technology
    Notes: In this paper, a colloidal processing route was adopted to disperse multi-walledcarbon nanotubes (MWNTs) into alumina powders homogenously. Alumina matrix compositescontaining 0.1 to 2 weight percent of MWNTs were successfully fabricated by pressureless sintering.Also, 1wt% MWNTs-alumina composites were prepared by hot pressing for comparison. It wasfound that when the sample was sintered at 1450oC, the addition of 1wt% carbon nanotubes led to10% increase in bending strength compared with monolithic alumina. The reinforcementmechanism was discussed based on the microstructure investigation. The broken nanotubes andpullout of MWNTs at interfaces are efficient in transferring the load from the alumina matrix to thenanotubes, leading to the improvement of the mechanical properties
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 510-511 (Mar. 2006), p. 138-141 
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Titanium oxynitride and molybdenum oxynitride assembled in the pores of mesoporous materials were achieved by nitriding titania-modified MCM-41 and molybdena-modified MCM-41 at 800°C for 3 hours under flowing NH3 atmosphere. XRD, XPS and N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms were employed to characterize the structure of the composite materials. The results showed that the nanosized TiOxNy and MoOxNy particles were assembled in mesoporous silicaMCM-41 with the restrict mesopores. The hexagonal periodicity of the parent MCM-41 materials was maintained upon assembly at the provided nitridation temperature. The exact formation was TiO0.4N0.8 in MCM-TiOxNy, and MoO1.7N0.57 in MCM-MoOxNy, which were calculated from the data in XPS spectra of Ti 2p and Mo 3d
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 569 (Jan. 2008), p. 89-92 
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: SiC/ZTM nanocomposites were prepared, and the influence of nanosized SiC additionon the microstructure and mechanical properties were investigated. It was found that the additionof nanosized SiC significantly retarded the matrix grain growth, making the microstructure muchfiner and more uniform. This led to a significant improvement in the mechanical properties. Andfurther enhancement in the mechanical property can be achieved through the addition of mulliteseeds in the starting powder and improving the distribution homogeneity of SiC nanoparticles inthe matrix
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bingley : Emerald
    Aircraft engineering and aerospace technology 76 (2004), S. 516-522 
    ISSN: 0002-2667
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: As a kind of free (unknown) boundary problems, inverse shape design of airfoils attracts extensive attention in recent years. By variable-domain variational theory, free boundary condition can be coupled with the governing equations for flow field, which makes it possible to calculate the flow field with the free boundary simultaneously. In this paper, the variational principle (VP) of 2D airfoil shape design problem is obtained from the basic dimensionless velocity potential equations for 2D compressible flow by using systematic approach and variable-domain variational formula. The deformable finite element method based on the VP is used to segmentally design airfoil at two design points (angles of attack) and four design points, respectively. The results show that the present method is highly effective and accurate to solve multipoint inverse problem of airfoils.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bingley : Emerald
    Aircraft engineering and aerospace technology 76 (2004), S. 376-383 
    ISSN: 0002-2667
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: As a kind of free (unknown) boundary problem, inverse shape design of airfoils has attracted extensive attention in recent years. By variable-domain variational theory, free boundary condition can be coupled with the governing equations for flow field, which makes it possible to calculate the flow field with the free boundary simultaneously. In this paper, the variational principle (VP) of 2D airfoil shape design problem is obtained from the basic dimensionless velocity potential equations for 2D compressible flow by using a systematic approach and variable-domain variational formula. The deformable finite element method based on the VP is used to segmentally design airfoil at two design points (angles of attack) and four design points, respectively. The results show that the present method is highly effective and accurate for solving multipoint inverse problem of airfoils.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bingley : Emerald
    Aircraft engineering and aerospace technology 77 (2005), S. 228-235 
    ISSN: 0002-2667
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Purpose - Provides two hybrid methods for the aerodynamic design of cascade profiles, of which the design constraints are the combination of aerodynamic and geometric conditions. Design/methodology/approach - In the first method, the design constrain is composed of the velocity (or pressure) distribution on part of the blade surface and the geometry of the rest part. In the second method, the aerodynamic load distribution, i.e. the pressure difference between the suction and pressure surfaces, and the blade thickness distribution are employed as the design constrain. These constraints, together with all the other boundary conditions, are involved in the stationary conditions of a variational principle. The solution domain, i.e. the blade-to-blade passage, is transformed into a square in the image plane, while the blade contour is projected to a straight line; thus, the difficulty caused by the unknown geometry of profile is avoided. Finite element method is employed to produce the calculation code. Findings - Applications show the accuracy and the flexibility of the two methods, which can satisfy the different needs from blade design. Finally, the possibility of combining the hybrid methods with the through-flow method is discussed, which would develop the present methods to three-dimensional design of cascades. Research limitations/implications - The design methods are limited to frictionless flow. Practical implications - A design software of cascade profiles based on this method has been developed, and will be provided to the engineering users for cascade design. Originality/value - The hybrid methods developed in this paper can satisfy the demands from different aspects of engineering designs: aerodynamics, strength, manufacture, etc.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bingley : Emerald
    Aircraft engineering and aerospace technology 72 (2000), S. 334-344 
    ISSN: 0002-2667
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: So far the literature on inverse shape design in aerodynamics is still confined to the single-point (nominal design point) design and to steady flow. This situation cannot cope with the modern development of internal and external aerodynamics and aerothermoelasticity, especially turbomachinery and aircraft flows. Accordingly, in recent years a new generation of inverse shape design problem has been suggested and investigated theoretically and computationally, consisting mainly of: unsteady inverse and hybrid problems; multipoint inverse and hybrid problems; and inverse problem in aerothermoelasticity. It opens a new area of research in fluid mechanics and aerothermoelasticity. An overview of its status and perspective is given herein, emphasizing the new concepts, theory and methods of solution involved.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bingley : Emerald
    Aircraft engineering and aerospace technology 69 (1997), S. 527-533 
    ISSN: 0002-2667
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Presents a brief overview of some new concepts and research results concerning aerodynamic computation and design of jet-propulsion engines with emphasis on turbomachinery (TM) developed in China, without any attempt to be exhaustive.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Expression of the global stress protein gene (gspA) is induced during the intracellular infection of macrophages and upon exposure of Legionella pneumophila to in vitro stress stimuli. Transcription of gspA is regulated by two promoters, one of which is regulated by the σ32 heat-shock transcription factor. We utilized a gspA promoter fusion to a promoterless lacZ to probe the phagososmal ‘microenvironment’ for the kinetics of exposure of intracellular L. pneumophila to stress stimuli. Expression through the gspA promoter was constitutively induced by approx. 16-fold throughout the intracellular infection, and occurred predominantly through the σ32-regulated promoter. Expression of the gspA promoter was induced approx. 4.5-fold, 5-, 11- and 9-fold upon exposure of L. pneumophila to heat shock, oxidative stress, acid shock, and osmotic shock, respectively. An isogenic insertion mutant of L. pneumophila in gspA (strain AA224) was constructed by allelic exchange in the wild-type strain AA200. Compared to in vitro-grown wild-type strain AA200, AA224 was more susceptible to all four in vitro stress stimuli. The wild-type phenotypes were restored to strain AA224 by complementation with a plasmid containing wild-type gspA. There was no difference between the wild-type strain and the gspA mutant in cytopathogenicity to U937 cells or in their kinetics of intracellular replication within macrophages and amoebae. However, compared to in vitro-grown bacteria, macrophage-grown and amoebae-grown AA200 and AA224 showed an equal and dramatic increase in resistance to in vitro stress stimuli. Our data showed that regardless of the capacity of L. pneumophila to subvert the microbicidal mechanisms of the macrophage, intracellular L. pneumophila is exposed to a high level of stress stimuli throughout the intracellular infection. Although the GspA protein is required for protection of the bacteria against in vitro stress stimuli, and is induced during intracellular multiplication, the loss of its function is probably compensated for by other macrophage-induced and stress-induced proteins within the intracellular environment.
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