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  • 1
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    High thermoelectric cooling performance of n-type Mg3Bi2-based materials (2019)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Thermoelectric materials have a large Peltier effect, making them attractive for solid-state cooling applications. Bismuth telluride (Bi〈sub〉2〈/sub〉Te〈sub〉3〈/sub〉)–based alloys have remained the state-of-the-art room-temperature materials for many decades. However, cost partially limited wider use of thermoelectric cooling devices because of the large amounts of expensive tellurium required. We report n-type magnesium bismuthide (Mg〈sub〉3〈/sub〉Bi〈sub〉2〈/sub〉)–based materials with a peak figure of merit (〈i〉ZT〈/i〉) of ~0.9 at 350 kelvin, which is comparable to the commercial bismuth telluride selenide (Bi〈sub〉2〈/sub〉Te〈sub〉3–〈/sub〉〈i〉〈sub〉x〈/sub〉〈/i〉Se〈i〉〈sub〉x〈/sub〉〈/i〉) but much cheaper. A cooling device made of our material and p-type bismuth antimony telluride (Bi〈sub〉0.5〈/sub〉Sb〈sub〉1.5〈/sub〉Te〈sub〉3〈/sub〉) has produced a large temperature difference of ~91 kelvin at the hot-side temperature of 350 kelvin. n-type Mg〈sub〉3〈/sub〉Bi〈sub〉2〈/sub〉-based materials are promising for thermoelectric cooling applications.〈/p〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Population Genomics Reveals Low Genetic Diversity and Adaptation to Hypoxia in Snub-Nosed Monkeys (2016)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2016-09-17
    Description: Snub-nosed monkeys (genus Rhinopithecus ) are a group of endangered colobines endemic to South Asia. Here, we re-sequenced the whole genomes of 38 snub-nosed monkeys representing four species within this genus. By conducting population genomic analyses, we observed a similar load of deleterious variation in snub-nosed monkeys living in both smaller and larger populations and found that genomic diversity was lower than that reported in other primates. Reconstruction of Rhinopithecus evolutionary history suggested that episodes of climatic variation over the past 2 million years, associated with glacial advances and retreats and population isolation, have shaped snub-nosed monkey demography and evolution. We further identified several hypoxia-related genes under selection in R. bieti (black snub-nosed monkey), a species that exploits habitats higher than any other nonhuman primate. These results provide the first detailed and comprehensive genomic insights into genetic diversity, demography, genetic burden, and adaptation in this radiation of endangered primates.
    Print ISSN: 0737-4038
    Electronic ISSN: 1537-1719
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 3
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    High thermoelectric cooling performance of n-type Mg3Bi2-based materials (2019)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Thermoelectric materials have a large Peltier effect, making them attractive materials for solid-state cooling applications. Bi〈sub〉2〈/sub〉Te〈sub〉3〈/sub〉-based alloys have remained as the state-of-the-art room temperature materials for many decades. However, cost partially limited wider use of thermoelectric cooling devices because of the large amounts of expensive tellurium. We report n-type Mg〈sub〉3〈/sub〉Bi〈sub〉2〈/sub〉-based materials with a peak 〈i〉ZT〈/i〉 of ~0.9 at 350 K, which is comparable to the commercial Bi〈sub〉2〈/sub〉Te〈sub〉3-〈/sub〉〈i〉〈sub〉x〈/sub〉〈/i〉Se〈i〉〈sub〉x〈/sub〉〈/i〉, but much cheaper. A cooling device made of our material and p-type Bi〈sub〉0.5〈/sub〉Sb〈sub〉1.5〈/sub〉Te〈sub〉3〈/sub〉 has produced a large temperature difference of ~91 K at the hot-side temperature of 350 K. The n-type Mg〈sub〉3〈/sub〉Bi〈sub〉2〈/sub〉-based materials are promising for thermoelectric cooling applications.〈/p〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Cohesin and CTCF shape the 3D genome differently [Cell Biology] (2014)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-01-22
    Description: Recent studies of genome-wide chromatin interactions have revealed that the human genome is partitioned into many self-associating topological domains. The boundary sequences between domains are enriched for binding sites of CTCC-binding factor (CTCF) and the cohesin complex, implicating these two factors in the establishment or maintenance of topological domains. To...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 5
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    Structure of VSV M in complex with Rae1{bull}Nup98 [Biochemistry] (2014)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-06-25
    Description: mRNA export factor 1 (Rae1) and nucleoporin 98 (Nup98) are host cell targets for the matrix (M) protein of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV). How Rae1 functions in mRNA export and how M protein targets both Rae1 and Nup98 are not understood at the molecular level. To obtain structural insights, we...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 6
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    Obestatin, a peptide encoded by the ghrelin gene, opposes ghrelin's effects on food intake (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-15
    Description: Ghrelin, a circulating appetite-inducing hormone, is derived from a prohormone by posttranslational processing. On the basis of the bioinformatic prediction that another peptide also derived from proghrelin exists, we isolated a hormone from rat stomach and named it obestatin-a contraction of obese, from the Latin "obedere," meaning to devour, and "statin," denoting suppression. Contrary to the appetite-stimulating effects of ghrelin, treatment of rats with obestatin suppressed food intake, inhibited jejunal contraction, and decreased body-weight gain. Obestatin bound to the orphan G protein-coupled receptor GPR39. Thus, two peptide hormones with opposing action in weight regulation are derived from the same ghrelin gene. After differential modification, these hormones activate distinct receptors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhang, Jian V -- Ren, Pei-Gen -- Avsian-Kretchmer, Orna -- Luo, Ching-Wei -- Rauch, Rami -- Klein, Cynthia -- Hsueh, Aaron J W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Nov 11;310(5750):996-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Reproductive Biology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5317, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16284174" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; CHO Cells ; Computational Biology ; Conserved Sequence ; Cricetinae ; *Eating/drug effects ; Fasting ; Gastric Emptying/drug effects ; Gastrointestinal Motility/drug effects ; Ghrelin ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Ligands ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Peptide Hormones/blood/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism/pharmacology/*physiology ; Protein Binding ; Protein Precursors/*genetics ; Radioimmunoassay ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism ; Receptors, Ghrelin ; Signal Transduction ; Weight Gain/drug effects
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Quantum teleportation and entanglement distribution over 100-kilometre free-space channels (2012)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-08-10
    Description: Transferring an unknown quantum state over arbitrary distances is essential for large-scale quantum communication and distributed quantum networks. It can be achieved with the help of long-distance quantum teleportation and entanglement distribution. The latter is also important for fundamental tests of the laws of quantum mechanics. Although quantum teleportation and entanglement distribution over moderate distances have been realized using optical fibre links, the huge photon loss and decoherence in fibres necessitate the use of quantum repeaters for larger distances. However, the practical realization of quantum repeaters remains experimentally challenging. Free-space channels, first used for quantum key distribution, offer a more promising approach because photon loss and decoherence are almost negligible in the atmosphere. Furthermore, by using satellites, ultra-long-distance quantum communication and tests of quantum foundations could be achieved on a global scale. Previous experiments have achieved free-space distribution of entangled photon pairs over distances of 600 metres (ref. 14) and 13 kilometres (ref. 15), and transfer of triggered single photons over a 144-kilometre one-link free-space channel. Most recently, following a modified scheme, free-space quantum teleportation over 16 kilometres was demonstrated with a single pair of entangled photons. Here we report quantum teleportation of independent qubits over a 97-kilometre one-link free-space channel with multi-photon entanglement. An average fidelity of 80.4 +/- 0.9 per cent is achieved for six distinct states. Furthermore, we demonstrate entanglement distribution over a two-link channel, in which the entangled photons are separated by 101.8 kilometres. Violation of the Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt inequality is observed without the locality loophole. Besides being of fundamental interest, our results represent an important step towards a global quantum network. Moreover, the high-frequency and high-accuracy acquiring, pointing and tracking technique developed in our experiment can be directly used for future satellite-based quantum communication and large-scale tests of quantum foundations.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yin, Juan -- Ren, Ji-Gang -- Lu, He -- Cao, Yuan -- Yong, Hai-Lin -- Wu, Yu-Ping -- Liu, Chang -- Liao, Sheng-Kai -- Zhou, Fei -- Jiang, Yan -- Cai, Xin-Dong -- Xu, Ping -- Pan, Ge-Sheng -- Jia, Jian-Jun -- Huang, Yong-Mei -- Yin, Hao -- Wang, Jian-Yu -- Chen, Yu-Ao -- Peng, Cheng-Zhi -- Pan, Jian-Wei -- England -- Nature. 2012 Aug 9;488(7410):185-8. doi: 10.1038/nature11332.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Shanghai Branch, National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22874963" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 8
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    Unusual high thermal conductivity in boron arsenide bulk crystals (2018)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-08-10
    Description: Conventional theory predicts that ultrahigh lattice thermal conductivity can only occur in crystals composed of strongly bonded light elements, and that it is limited by anharmonic three-phonon processes. We report experimental evidence that departs from these long-held criteria. We measured a local room-temperature thermal conductivity exceeding 1000 watts per meter-kelvin and an average bulk value reaching 900 watts per meter-kelvin in bulk boron arsenide (BAs) crystals, where boron and arsenic are light and heavy elements, respectively. The high values are consistent with a proposal for phonon-band engineering and can only be explained by higher-order phonon processes. These findings yield insight into the physics of heat conduction in solids and show BAs to be the only known semiconductor with ultrahigh thermal conductivity.
    Keywords: Physics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Tunable electroresistance and electro-optic effects of transparent molecular ferroelectrics (2017)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-08-31
    Description: Recent progress in molecular ferroelectrics (MOFEs) has been overshadowed by the lack of high-quality thin films for device integration. We report a water-based air-processable technique to prepare large-area MOFE thin films, controlled by supersaturation growth at the liquid-air interface under a temperature gradient and external water partial pressure. We used this technique to fabricate ImClO 4 thin films and found a large, tunable room temperature electroresistance: a 20-fold resistance variation upon polarization switching. The as-grown films are transparent and consist of a bamboo-like structure of (2, 1{macron} ,0) and (1,0, 2{macron} ) structural variants of R 3 m symmetry with a reversible polarization of 6.7 μC/cm 2 . The resulting ferroelectric domain structure leads to a reversible electromechanical response of d 33 = 38.8 pm/V. Polarization switching results in a change of the refractive index, n , of single domains, nn=0.3 . The remarkable combination of these characteristics renders MOFEs a prime candidate material for new nanoelectronic devices. The information that we present in this work will open a new area of MOFE thin-film technologies.
    Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 10
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    Erratum: Genetic diversity and evolutionary dynamics of Ebola virus in Sierra Leone (2015)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tong, Yi-Gang -- Shi, Wei-Feng -- Liu, Di -- Qian, Jun -- Liang, Long -- Bo, Xiao-Chen -- Liu, Jun -- Ren, Hong-Guang -- Fan, Hang -- Ni, Ming -- Sun, Yang -- Jin, Yuan -- Teng, Yue -- Li, Zhen -- Kargbo, David -- Dafae, Foday -- Kanu, Alex -- Chen, Cheng-Chao -- Lan, Zhi-Heng -- Jiang, Hui -- Luo, Yang -- Lu, Hui-Jun -- Zhang, Xiao-Guang -- Yang, Fan -- Hu, Yi -- Cao, Yu-Xi -- Deng, Yong-Qiang -- Su, Hao-Xiang -- Sun, Yu -- Liu, Wen-Sen -- Wang, Zhuang -- Wang, Cheng-Yu -- Bu, Zhao-Yang -- Guo, Zhen-Dong -- Zhang, Liu-Bo -- Nie, Wei-Min -- Bai, Chang-Qing -- Sun, Chun-Hua -- An, Xiao-Ping -- Xu, Pei-Song -- Zhang, Xiang-Li-Lan -- Huang, Yong -- Mi, Zhi-Qiang -- Yu, Dong -- Yao, Hong-Wu -- Feng, Yong -- Xia, Zhi-Ping -- Zheng, Xue-Xing -- Yang, Song-Tao -- Lu, Bing -- Jiang, Jia-Fu -- Kargbo, Brima -- He, Fu-Chu -- Gao, George F -- Cao, Wu-Chun -- China Mobile Laboratory Testing Team in Sierra Leone -- England -- Nature. 2015 Oct 22;526(7574):595. doi: 10.1038/nature15255. Epub 2015 Aug 26.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26308898" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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